City of Willows
Pavement Management
Program
Road Maintenance Needs
March 25, 2014
Willows’ Paved Streets are a Valuable
Asset
• The City of Willows maintains nearly 31
centerline miles of paved public streets.
• Total replacement value of this asset is
approximately $36.1 million.
• To preserve this important asset it is essential to
properly maintain the roads each year to
minimize much larger costs in the future if they
are not maintained properly.
Pavement Deterioration Over Time
• Pavements deteriorate at a relatively slow
rate over the first 75% of their useful life.
• Pavements deteriorate at a relatively fast
rate after hitting 75%of their useful life.
PAVEMENT LIFE CYCLE
PCI
Number
Rating
Verbal
Rating
MTC
Condition
Category
100
EXCELLENT
90
pavements
which have little
80
VERY GOOD
40% Drop in Quality (Relatively Slow)
70
GOOD
II
pavements which have a
significant level of distress; non-load related
60
III
pavements which have a
significant level of distress; load related
IV
POOR
pavements which have a
major level of distress
VERY POOR
pavements which have
extreme amounts of
major distress
50
Figure 1
6
PAVEMENT CONDITION
or no distress
I
FAIR
40
Another 40% Drop in
Quality (FAST)
30
20
10
V
FAILED
5
*TIMELINE (YEARS)
10
75% of Useful Life
(CRITICAL TIME TO APPLY LOW COST TREATMENTS)
*TIMELINE varies depending on traffic volume and loads, climate, pavement design, etc.
15
12% of Useful Life
20
Timing of Treatment is Key
• The cost of applying preventative
pavement maintenance during the first
75% of their useful life is generally onetenth to one-fifth of the cost of waiting
until the roads have completely failed and
need complete reconstruction.
Managing Pavement Properly
• In the absence of a plan for maintenance, cities
can fall into the “worst first” trap. This can prove
to be expensive and may not be the most cost
effective approach.
• One of the best and most common ways for
cities to develop a plan to maintain their roads is
to develop a pavement management plan (PMP.)
This program determines the most cost effective
way for the City to spend maintenance monies.
Pavement Management Philosophy
• PMP’s evaluate all streets and determine
which streets are still within the zone of 75%
of their useful lives and the best treatments
to preserve the streets to avoid more costly
reconstruction needs in the future.
• Pavement Management Programs involve
visual inspections of all streets on 7 different
categories.
• Visual ratings are input into PMP software
and Pavement Condition Indexes (PCI’s) are
determined for each street.
Pavement Condition Index
100
Good – Excellent
Prev. Maint. - surface seals every 7 -9 years
($0.60-$6.02/Sy Yd)
70
At Risk
Thin AC Overlay
($11.50/ Sy Yd)
Poor
Thick AC Overlay
($15.89/ Sy Yd)
Failed
Reconstruct Road
($29.00/ Sy Yd)
50
25
0
Condition of Willows’s Streets
• This year, the City just completed the first update
to the City’s PMP since 2005.
• Based on field surveys, the current average Citywide PCI is 54.
• 29% of the City’s streets have a PCI of 70 or above
(considered very good.)
• 28% of City’s streets have a PCI of 50-69
(considered good.)
• 29% of the City’s streets have a PCI of 25-49 or
below (considered poor.)
• 14% of the City’s streets have a PCI of 24 or below
(considered very poor.)
Street Condition by MIles
9.0 mi (29%)
(28%)
8.7 mi
Total Miles (Percentage of City)
9.0
(29%)
(14%)
4.3 mi
Very Good PCI 70100
Data source: StreetSaver PMP
Report,
Network Summary Statistics
Good PCI 50-69
Poor PCI 25-49
Condition Category
Very Poor PCI 0-24
Pavement Condition Index
2014
Residential
Average PCI 52
Average PCI by Functional Class
Collector
Average PCI 46
Data source: StreetSaver PMP
Arterial
Average PCI 70
Types of Pavement Treatments
• Depending on the condition of the street, several typical
treatments are used for maintaining streets. These include:
Crack Sealing
Chip Sealing
Asphalt Overlay
Full depth asphalt
Slurry Sealing
Cape Sealing
In-place asphalt recycling
Road Reconstruction
• A PMP will typically recommend one of these treatments,
depending on the condition of the street and what is needed
to bring the street back to like-new condition.
Road Maintenance Plan
Five budget scenarios were considered:
• Maintaining the current condition of streets over
the 5 years from 2014-2019 (a PCI of 54)
• Increase the PCI by 5 points over 5 yrs.
• Unconstrained budget (if money were no object
what would it take to bring all streets up to at
least a PCI of 80 in 5 yrs.)
• Do nothing
• Annual Expenditures of $140,000
Budget Comparison
City Budget Comparison
Effects on 5 Year Projected PCI
85
82
80
76
75
71
Projected
70
Do Nothing
$0 Budget
66
65
Expected $140k
Annual Budget
61
60
57
56
54
55
58
57
55
55
52
51
50
58
54
59
Maintain PCI 54
$1.2m Annually
54
Increase PCI = 59
$1.8m Annually
Unlimited
$4.19m Annually
50
49
48
46
45
46
44
40
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
What Does All This Mean
• Gives the City Council a good idea of the condition of the streets and
what may be needed to adequately maintain them.
• If $140,000 is spent annually on City streets over the next 5 years,
the average condition of the City’s streets will degrade from “good”
to “poor.”
• Cost effective maintenance strategies can be applied to obtain the
biggest “bang for the buck” to ensure the assets in the City’s streets
can be preserved. Results should be used to program street projects.
• Some streets will have approached the point where they may start
to deteriorate more rapidly. Need to keep an eye on conditions.
Funding Options
• Typical funding used for street maintenance includes Gas
Taxes; however the rate of gas taxes paid to agencies over the
past several years has declined and failed to keep up with
inflation.
• State and federal funding can be applied for, however there
are limited sources and it is very competitive.
• Important to be aggressive as possible to look for alternative
funding sources to supplement currently used funds.
Suggested Approach
• Begin implementing annual pavement rehabilitation projects
to put funds to use in the smartest way possible.
• Base annual budget funding primarily from gas tax, however
continually review/pursue state and federal funding sources
for roads, bicycles and pedestrian improvements where some
street improvements can be incorporated.
• Update PMP every 3-5 years to stay in compliance with state
regulations and to keep track of pavement conditions.
Other Options
• Other options to consider:
• Spending higher amounts of money to get less streets treated by
reconstructing some of the streets in the poorest condition.
• Balance of implementing some of the PMP recommended
treatments with some road reconstruction.
• Future annual allocations
• Provide guidance to staff on the amount the Council would like to
fund each year out of the gas tax money to keep up on street
maintenance.