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
Analyzing simple declarative sentence, there are
two major semantic roles;
 The role of Predicator (played by predicates)
 The role of argument (played by referring
expression)
 Example:
 Achmad speaks English.
 Achmad and English are the arguments
 Speaks is the predicator
 The
predicator is the word (or a group of
words) which does not belong to any of the
referring meaning of the sentence.
 A predicate is any word which can function
as the predicator of a sentence.
 Example;
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Marcus Brutus killed Julius Caesar.
Marcus Brutus and Julius Caesar are the referring
expressions, the roles are as the argument
Killed is the predicate, the role is as the
predicator
 The
verb exist can be a predicator, but in
English the verb “be” in its various forms is
not a predicator
 The predicators in sentences can be of
various parts of speech (adjectives, verbs,
and nouns).
 Example;
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Margaret was unhappy.
The role of Margaret is as the argument
The role of Unhappy is as the predicator
The role of was is non predicator
 There
are different degree of predicate:
 Examples:


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1. They scream loudly
Scream is a predicate of degree one (one place
predicate)
2. We watch TV together.
Watch is a predicate of degree two ( a two place
predicate)
3. John gives Mary a bouquet of roses.
Give is a third place predicate
 Sometimes
two predicates can have
nearly, if not exactly, the same sense but
be of different grammatical part of
speech
 Example:
 Jack is foolish, Jack is a fool
 Foolish and fool are predicate
 Foolish is an adjective
 Fool is a noun
 Both have different part of speech
 1.
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A. The child is afraid of cats.
B. The lamp is over the table.
C. The new campus is outside the city.
 2.
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

Determine the semantic role:
Determine the degree of predicate:
A. The students build the green house.
B. The supermarket is between the park and the
gas station.
C. Mrs. Azizah is a sister of the mayor.
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