In this unit you will learn how to:
 retell stories
 express promise, wonders,
possibilities
 rewrite a different version of
story
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Stage 1
Getting in touch with stories
Getting Started
A. LET’S TALK • Look at the pictures. Then
answer the questions
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What do you think?
1. Tell what you see in the picture.
2. Do you believe that a goose can produce
golden eggs? Why/why not?
3. If you say to a six-year old child that a goose
can produce golden eggs, would the child
believe with what you said? Why/why not?
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3
B ACTIVE LISTENING • Listen the following
fable. While listening, complete the missing
words with the words you hear. Then answer
the questions.
Say it right
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Gold /
/
nest /
/
Goose /
/
thought /
/
Glitter /
/
Greedy /
/
Trick /
/
4
The Goose With the Golden eggs
Well, here is the story. One day (1)_________
was going to (2) _____ and found there was (3)
_________ and glittering. When he took it up,
it was as heavy as lead and he was going to
throw it away, because he thought a trick had
been played upon him. But he took it home on
a (4) ________, and soon found to his delight
that it was (5) _________. Every morning (6)
_______ occurred and he soon became rich by
selling its eggs. As he grew rich he grew
greedy and thought to get at once (7) ________
the goose could give. He killed the goose and
opened it: only to find nothing.
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(Adapted from: Look a head 3)5
Find out:
1. Whose goose was it?
2. Where did he find a gold egg?
3. How were the eggs?
4. Why did he want to throw the egg away?
5. What made him happy?
6. What made him greedy?
7. Did he find any golden eggs inside the
goose?
8. What lesson can you learn from the story?
9. Write down the action verbs used in the
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6
C Your turn • Work in pairs. Discuss the
following questions. Use your imagination.
1. Do you like the story of The Golden Eggs?
Why/why not?
2. What do you think of the goose, the
countryman, and the eggs?.Talk about
what do you thing clearly. See the
following examples:
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• I think the goose is a very fertile animal.
• I think the countryman is very cruel
man.
• I think the eggs are the most expensive
eggs in the world.
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D. ENJOY THIS •Read the following comic. Then,
answer the questions.
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Find out
1. What does the girl want George to do?
2. Do you think George is used to tell stories to
his little sister?
3. Why does George want her to make a
promise?
4. What does the girl say to express her promise?
5. What’s George’s response to the girl’s
promise?
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Get It Right
A THINK ABOUT IT • Look at the following
picture. Then answer the questions.
1. Who are the speakers in the dialogue?
2. What does the woman want the man to do?
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Ways to say it
Expressing a promise
• Asking for
promise:
a
• Promise me that
you will get me
all the water that
I can drink.
• Do you promise
to take care of
the bird if we get
one?
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Offering a
promise:
• I promise I’ll do
whatever
you
want
• I promise you
that I’ll try to be
on time next
time.
• I promise to love
you endlessly.
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•Make me a
promise, won’t
you?
• I promise I’ll do
• I want you to
promise
that
you’ll love me
forever
• I promise you
that I’ll try to be
on time next time.
• Is
that
promise?
a
• Do you give
me your word
on that?
• Do you swear
that you won’t
forget me?
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whatever
want
you
• I promise to love
you endlessly.
• It’s a promise
• I give you my
word on that.
• You have
word on it.
my
• I swear that my
love is only for you.
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B TRY THIS • Listen to following story. Then,
answer the questions.
HINT Consider the following pictures to help you
get the idea of the story.
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Find Out:
1. How many people are there in the dialogue?
2. What is the relationship of the speakers in
the dialogue?
3. Where did the story happen?
4. Who made a promise?
5. Why did he make a promise?
6. What happened when the promise was
broken?
7. Who broke the promise?
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C YOUR TURN • Work in pairs. Choose one of
this situations. Create a dialogue based on the
situation you choose. Use suitable gambits
expressing a promise.
1. A friend is visiting your home. She wants to
borrow some money and promises you that she
will return the money as soon as possible.
2. A daughter is asking her very busy mother to
take her swimming on the weekend. She asks
her mother to promise.
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Ways to say it
Expressing wonder (curiosity)
Asking about
thoughts/feelings:
Expressing wonder:
• How do you feel
about it?
• I wonder at her
rudeness
• What are you
thinking about?
• I wonder how he
can come here
after what
happened.
• You have some
think on your
mind?
• What are you
looking so serious
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about?
• I really wonder if
he loves somebody
younger.
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Asking about
thoughts/feelings:
• Is something
bothering you?
• Is there anything
you want to talk
about?
• Want to talk about
it?
• Are you O.K.?
• Are you worried
about something?
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Expressing wonder:
• I’m just wondering
if she knows how
much I love her.
• I wonder who she
is.
• I was just
wondering how to
do it.
• I don’t wonder
after the treatment
she had.
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D ENJOY THIS • Listen the following dialogue.
While listening, fill in the blanks. Then answer
.
Herithe: questions
I (1) _______
if I could fly into the clouds.
Jeni : Why not?
Heri : Do you think I could?
Jeni : Heri, Are you O.K.?You look a little
depressed about something…
Heri : I’m sorry. It’s nothing. I’m just (2) _____
Jeni : Oh, really? C’mon. You can tell me. A
penny for your thoughts.
Heri : I am just (3) ______ about our plan to see
my parents.
Jeni
:
Are
you
worried
about
it?
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Heri : No. Not really worried.
Jeni : (4) ______ ? Then how do you feel about
it?
Heri : I’m just wondering what my parents’
reaction will be…
Jeni : You are worried about it, aren’t you?
Heri : Uhmm… I’ve told you before. They’re a
little. (5) ______
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Find out:
1. Who are the speakers in the dialogue?
2. What are they talking about
3. Why does the man look worried?
4. What is the man wondering?
5. What is the woman’s reaction?
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E YOUR TURN • Work in pairs. Choose one of
the following situations and make
conversation similar to the above dialog. Act
it out in front of the class.
1. One of your classmates in your school
seems really depressed about something.
Ask him/her what happened.
2. You are talking with your teacher. She
seems a little angry about something. Find
out what is making her annoyed.
3. Your mother is arguing with your father. She
seems very angry with him. Ask her politely
what happened.
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WAYS TO SAY IT
Expressing possibility
Asking about
possibilities/probabili
ty:
• Is it possible to
see Mount
Merbabu from
here?
• Is there any
possibility of
selling everything
today?
• What possibility is
there that they
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are still alive?
Stating possibility:
• Maybe
• Perhaps
• Could be
• It’s possible
• They may be
• I might meet him
• There’s a good
possibility
• It’s a very likely
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• Can you come to
my house
tomorrow
afternoon?
• There’s a big
chance
• There’s a chance
• Will you be able
to stop by the
post office on the
way home?
• Is there any
chance they will
meet and merry?
• What will
probably happen
to the main
character?
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F TRY THIS • Work in pairs. Create possible
questions and responses to the following
situations. Then, act it out in front of the
class.
Possible Possible
Situation
questions responses
1. You are hiking
………… …………
with some
………… …………
classmates. You ….
….
ask one of your ………… …………
classmates if she ………… …………
path will continue ….
….
to be as good as ………… …………
it is now.
………… …………
….
….
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Possible
Situation
questions
2. You’re asking
…………
your friend what …………
he/she will
….
probably do to
…………
prepare for the
…………
final examination. ….
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Possible
responses
…………
…………
….
…………
…………
….
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Moving Forward
A THINK ABOUT IT. Answer the following
questions.
1. Do you like keeping an animal in your
house? Why/ Why not?
2. An animal keep by person in the home is
called _____
3. Some animals you can keep in your home
are _____
4. An animal you can keep as guard of your
home is _____
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B FIRST CHALLENGE. Listen carefully to the
following story. While listening, arrange the
jumbled words between brackets and
rewrite them in the table provided, then
answer the questions.
The Dog and the Shadow
Do you like keeping an animal in your
house? Okay. Do you know the reason why
people keep a dog in their house? Don’t
you know that sometimes a dog can be so
greedy that he steals all we have? This is a
story about a greedy dog.
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It happened that a dog had got (of–
meat–a–piece) and was carrying it
home in his mouth to eat it in piece. Now
on his way home, he had to cross a
plank lying across. (running-a-brook). As
he crossed, he looked down and saw
(own-shadow-his) reflected in the water
beneath.
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Thinking it was (another-
piece-dog-another-with-of-meat), he made
up his mind to have that also. So
he made (a-at-the-snap-shadow) in the
water, but as he opened his mouth
(piece-the-of-meat) fell out, dropped into
the water and was never seen
anymore.
So, what lesson can you learn from this
story?
(Adopted from : ‘Learning from life’, Aesop’s Fable)
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Describing
Noun Phrases The Noun with
more Details
1. A piece of Small,
meat
delicious, red
A new
Description of
Noun Phrases
A piece of
small
delicious red
meat
2. …………… ………………
………………
……….
…………..
………………
3. …………… ………………
….
……….
…………..
………………
4. …………… ………………
………………
……….
…………..
….
………………
………………
….
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Find out:
1. What did the dog have?
2. What happened with the dog on his way
home?
3. What was in the water beneath?
4. Did the dog get another piece of meat?
5. Write down the action verbs used in the story.
C SECOND CHALLENGE. Retell the story of
‘The Dog and the Shadow’. Use the
description of noun phrases you have made.
Do you find any differences?
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D THIRD CHALLENGE. Listen to the story of
“The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing’. While
listening, fill in the blanks with the words
you hear. Then, answer the questions.
The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing.
A wolf (1)_____ great difficulty in (2) _____
at the sheep owing, to the vigilance of the
shepherd and his dogs.
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But one day it found the skin of a sheep
that have been (3) _____and (4) _____
aside, so it (5) _____ it on over its own pelt
and (6) _____ down among the sheep. The
lamb belonged to the sheep, whose skin the
wolf was wearing, began to (7) _____the
wolf in the sheep’s clothing; so, (8) _____
the lamb a little apart, he soon (9) _____ a
meal of her, and for some time he (10)
_____ in deceiving the sheep and enjoying
hearty meals.
(Taken from: www.narrative.com)
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Find out:
1. What was the wolf’s problem?
2. How did the wolf find the skin of the sheep?
3. What did the wolf do after strolling down
among the sheep?
4. Wolves like to gather in groups and howl at
night. In lonely places, this howling sounds
frightening. But wolves almost never attack
people. Suppose you saw a wolf in the woods.
Would you be scared? Why/Why not?
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E. FOURTH CHALLENGE. Find the meaning of
the following words or phrases in your
dictionary.
1. to fill her skin bucket: _________
2. industrious: _________________
3. a knoll: _____________________
4. jester: _____________________
5. portaged: ___________________
6. leggings: ___________________
7. spine: ______________________
8. the broke for water: __________
9. the maiden: _________________
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10.noble: ______________________
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11. forebodings: ________________
12. tepee: _____________________
13. bark: ______________________
14. descent: ___________________
15. scalp: _____________________
16. to strike a blow: _____________
17. uncanny: ___________________
18. hither: _____________________
19. moccasins: _________________
20. in agony: ___________________
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F. FIFTH CHALLENGE. Read and listen to the
following
story. Pay attention to it’s
structure and speaker’s intonation. Then
answer the questions.
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THE FAITHFUL LOVERS
The following story will be special for
each of you who want to know the real
meaning of love.
orientation
Hmm, there once lived a chief’s
daughter who had many admirers. All the
young men in the village wanted to have
her for a wife and were all eager to fill
her skin bucket when she went to the
brook for water.
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complication
resolution
There was a young man in the
village. He was a god hunter but he was
poor and had a mean family. He loved the
maiden and wished he could marry her.
So, one day when she went for water, he
threw his robe over her head while he
whispered in her ear: “Will you marry
me?”
For a long time the maiden acted as
if she hadn’t heard anything, but one day
she whispered back telling that she would
be wiling to marry him if he took a scalp.
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So he made a war party of seven,
himself and six other young men. Before
they started, they sat down to smoke and
rest beside a beautiful lake at the food of
a green knoll that rose from its shore.
The knoll was covered with green grass
and somehow as they looked it they had
a feeling that there was something about
it that was mysterious and uncanny.
One of the lover’s friends was so
curious about it that he ventured in to the
knoll. Four of the young men followed.
Having reached to the top of the knoll, all
five began to jump and stamp about in
sport.
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But, suddenly they stopped. The
knoll had begun to move toward the
water. It was a gigantic turtle! The five
men cried out in alarm and tried to run,
but it was too late! They cried; but the
others could do nothing. In just a few
moments, the waves had closed over
them.
complication
The other two men: the lover and his
friend, went on, but with heavy hearts.
After some days, they came to a river.
Worn out with fatigue, the lover threw
himself down on the bank. Fortunately,
the lover’s friend came t help him.
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The following day, his friend told him
that he found a fish which he had cleaned
and asked him to eat the fish together.
The lover said that if he ate the fish, his
friend had to promise to fetch him all the
water that he could drink. When they had
eaten, the kettle was rinsed out and the
lover’s friend brought it back with full of
water. The lover drunk the water at a
draught. Again his friend filled the kettle
at the river and again the lover drunk it
dry but still asked for more water. The
lover’s friend then took the lover to the
river. When the lover saw the river, he
walked to the river, sprang in, and lying
down in the water with his head toward
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land, drank greedily.
Then, he called out his friend. The
friend came and was amazed to see that
the lover was now a fish from his feed to
his middle. Sick at heart he ran off a little
away and threw himself upon the ground
in grief. After awhile, he returned to find
that the lover was now a fish up to his
neck.
The friend went home and told his
story. There was great mourning over the
death of the five young men and for the
lost lover. In the river, the over had
became a great fish and its fin was just
above the surface. Canoes had to be
portaged at great labor around the
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44
resolution
Meanwhile, the chief’s daughter
mourned for her lover as for a husband
and no body could comfort her. Day by
day, she sat inside her mother’s tepee
with her head covered with his robe,
silent, working, and working. When ever
her mother asked, the maiden didn’t
reply.
The days lengthened into moons until
a year had passed. And then the maiden
arose. She left her mother’s tepee with
holding lots of things in her hands. There
were three pairs of moccasins, three pairs
of leggings, three belts, three shirts,
three head dresses with beautiful
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complication
One day she had a new canoe made.
Then, the next morning she stepped into
the canoe and floated slowly down the
river toward the great fish. Her canoe
came and stopped to the place where the
great fin arose. One by one she laid her
presents on the fish’s back, scattering the
feathers and tobacco over his broad
spine.
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resolution
“Oh, fish,” she cried, “oh, fish, you
who were my lover, I shall not forget you.
Because you were lost for love of me, I
shall never marry. All my life I shall
remain a widow. Take these presents.
And now leave the river, and let the
waters run free, so my people may once
more descend in their canoes.” Slowly the
great fish sank, his broad fin disappeared
and the water of the St. Croix (Stillwater)
were free.
(Adapted from: Encarta Reference Library, 2005)
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Find out:
1. “The faithful lovers” refer to _____________
2. What was actually the green knoll?
3. When did the lover start changing into a fish?
Underline the sentences that support your
answer.
4. What did the maiden do when knowing that
her lover had changed into a big fish?
5. How do you feel when you read the story?
Happy? Amused? Sad? Bored? Confused?
Why?
6. Who were the main characters of the above
story?
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7. How did the main characters in the story
overcome their problem(s)?
• Does the story happen in past or present time?
Give evidence.
• Circle all the noun phrases you find in the
text.
• Can you find any direct speech in the above
story? Do they make the story seem real?
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Hand in Hand
A. FIRST PROJECT. Work in groups of four.
Read and listen to the following story. Pay
attention to the speaker’s intonation. Then,
answer the questions.
Here is a story for you to enjoy. Listen!
Once upon a time there lived as
neighbors, a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit
was a good shot and the bear, being very
clumsy, could not use an arrow to a good
advantage.
The bear was very unkind to the rabbit.
Every morning, the bear would call over to
the rabbit and ask the rabbit to take his
bow and arrows and come with the bear
to the other side of the hill.
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The rabbit, fearing to arouse the
bear’s anger by refusing, consented and
went with the bear. The rabbit shot
enough buffalo to satisfy the bear’s
family. Indeed, he shot and killed so
many that there was still lots of meat left
after the bear and his family had loaded
themselves and packed all they could
carry home.
However the bear was so greedy and
evil that he didn’t allow the rabbit to get
any of the meat. The poor rabbit could
not even taste the blood from the
butchering, as the bear would throw
earth on the blood and dry it up. The
poor rabbit would have to go home
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hungry after his hard day’s work.
The bear was the father of five
children. The youngest boy was very kind
to the rabbit. Knowing that the youngest
boy was a very kind hearty eater, the
mother bear always gave him an extra
large piece of meat. Instead of eating this
extra meat, the youngest bear would take
the meat outside and pretend to play ball
with it, kicking it toward the rabbit’s
house, and when he got close to the door
he would give the meat such a great kick
that it would fly into the rabbit’s house. In
this way the poor rabbit would get his
meal unknown to the papa bear.
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(Adapted from: www.narrative.com)52
Find out:
1. Find some evidence to support that the bear
was an unkind friend!
2. Who was very kind to the rabbit? What did he
do?
3. Would you say that the youngest bear was a
rebellious or disloyal child because he gave
the meat to the bear? Why/ why not?
4. Think of the suitable title for the story above.
5. Write down the text organization of the story
in the spaces provided in the following page.
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Title
Orientation
Complication
Resolution
Complication
Resolution
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…………………………………………
……………………………………….
Once upon a time there lived as
neighbors, a bear and a rabbit. The
rabbit
was
a
good
shot,
………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………
…………………………………………
………………………………………… 54
…………………………
B SECOND PROJECT. Still in the same group,
develop the story above by adding another
version of direct speech. Then compare
your story with ones from the other groups.
HINT Read the following texts. Pay attention
to the underlined parts. Consider them
as examples. Add at least two more
sentences of direct speech.
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Part a
Once upon a time there lived as
neighbors, a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit
was a good shot and the bear, being very
clumsy, could not use an arrow to a good
advantage. The bear was very unkind to
the rabbit. Every morning, the bear would
call over to the rabbit and ask, “take your
bow and arrows and come with me to the
other side of the hill.” “But I already shot
many buffaloes for you two days ago.”
answered the rabbit.
Write your additional direct speech here:
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
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Part b
The rabbit, fearing to arouse the
bear’s anger by refusing, consented and
went with the bear. The rabbit said, “I will
shoot enough buffalo to satisfy your
hungry family.” ”That’s a good idea.
You’re very kind.” whispered the bear.
Indeed, he shot and killed so many that
there was still lots of meat left after the
bear and his family had loaded
themselves and packed all they could
carry home.
Write your additional direct speech here:
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………… 57
Part c
The bear whispered to his wife, “ We
have eaten lots and there is still lots of
meat.’ ‘so, let’s give some to the rabbit.”
But the bear’s wife answered, “No, don’t
give him anything. Keep the meat for
tomorrow.” So The poor rabbit could not
even taste the blood from the butchering,
as the bear would throw earth on the
blood and dry it up. The poor rabbit
would have to go home hungry after his
hard day’s work.
Write your additional direct speech here:
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………… 58
Part d
The bear was the father of five
children. The youngest boy was very kind
to the rabbit. The mother bear, knowing
that her youngest was a very kind hearty
eater, always gave him an extra large
piece of meat. “You can take the largest
piece of meat dear.” said the mother bear.
Write your additional direct speech here:
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………
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Part e
What the baby bear didn’t eat, he would
take outside with him. “I am going to play
mom.” said the baby bear. Then the baby
bear pretended to play ball with the meat,
kicking it toward the rabbit’s house. When
he got close to the door he shouted, “Rabbit
I am coming. See what I brought for you.”
Then he would give the meat such a great
kick that it would fly into the rabbit’s house.
In this way the poor rabbit would get his
meal unknown to the papa bear.
Write your additional direct speech here:
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
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60
…………………………………………
C THIRD PROJECT. Still in the same group,
choose a member of your group to read the
story aloud in front of the class. Add speech
function whenever you need.
the
following
example.
HINT Consider
Change the underlined words to your
own version of direct speech.
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Good morning every body. Here is
the new version of the story from my
group. Check this out.
Once upon a time there lived as
neighbors, a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit
was a good shot and the bear, being very
clumsy, could not use an arrow to a good
advantage.
The bear was very unkind to the
rabbit. Believe it or not, Every morning,
the bear would call over to the rabbit and
ask, “take your bow and arrows and come
with me to the other side of the hill.” “But
I shot many buffaloes for you two days
ago.” answered the rabbit.
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The rabbit, fearing to arouse the
bear’s anger by refusing, consented and
went with the bear and said, “I will shoot
enough buffalo to satisfy your hungry
family.” ”That’s a good idea. You’re very
kind.” whispered the bear. Indeed, he
shot and killed so many that there was
still lots of meat left after the bear and his
family had loaded themselves and packed
all they could carry home.
Do you happen to know what the
papa bear did with the rabbit? The bear
whispered to his wife, “ We have eaten
lots and there is still lots of meat.’ ‘so,
let’s give some to the rabbit. the bear’s
wife answered, “No, don’t give him
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anything. Keep the meat for tomorrow.” 63
So The poor rabbit could not even
taste the blood from the butchering, as
the bear would throw earth on the blood
and dry it up. The poor rabbit would have
to go home hungry after his hard day’s
work.
Well, The bear was the father of five
children. The youngest boy was very kind
to the rabbit. The mother bear, knowing
that her youngest was a very kind hearty
eater, said “You can take the largest piece
of meat dear.” She always gave him an
extra large piece of meat.
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Do you know what! What the baby
bear didn’t eat, he would take outside
with him. “I am going to play mom.” said
the baby bear and pretended to play ball
with the meat, kicking it toward the
rabbit’s house. When he got close to the
door he shouted, “Rabbit I am coming.
See what I brought for you.” Then he
would give the meat such a great kick
that it would fly into the rabbit’s house. In
this way the poor rabbit would get his
meal unknown to the papa bear.
Okay, that’s the end of the story.
Thank you for listening.
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• While you are working together, do you
speak English to your friends?
• Do you find any problems in working
together with your friends? Share your
difficulties with your teacher for a
solution.
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SHOW IT OFF
YOUR PERMISION. Tell your friends about a
well-known fable that you remember well.
HINT Answer the following questions before
retelling your story.
•
•
•
•
•
•
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What is the title?
Who are the character?
Where did it happen?
When did it happen?
What happened to the main
character?
How was the ending? Happy/Sad?
67
Stage 2
Finding out the moral from story
Getting Started
A. LET’S TALK • Look at the pictures. Then
answer the questions
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What do you think?
1. Explain what you see in the above pictures.
2. What is the difference between picture 1 and
picture 2?
3. What are the differences between the win and
the sun?
4. Which one is stronger: The win or the sun?
Give reasons for your answer.
5. Have you ever read a story about ‘the Win and
the Sun? What was the story?
B. ACTIVE READING • Read the story
below. Then, answer the questions.
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The Win and the Sun
One day the Win and the Sun were
disputing which was stronger. Suddenly
they saw a traveler coming down the
road.
The sun : I see a way to decide our
dispute. Whichever of us can cause that
traveler to take off his cloak shall be
regarded as the strongest.
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The Win : Would you mind not talking so
loudly?
The Sun : Sorry. Okay, you begin. I will
retire behind a cloud.
The Win : I will blow as hard as I can and
I’ll be the winner.
The Sun : Okay. Good luck.
The Win : Zzzzzzzzzzzzzz I’m so tired.
What is happening to me? I shouldn’t
give up. I have to blow harder …
zzzzzzzzzzzzzz.
But the harder he blew the closer the
traveler wrapped his cloak around him, till
at last the Win had to give up in despair.
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Then the Sun came out and shine in all
his glory upon the traveler, who soon
found it too hot too walk with his cloak
on.
(Adapted from: www.narrative.com)
Find out
1. Which one is stronger, The win or Sun?
2. Why were they disputing?
3. What did they do when they saw a traveler
coming down the road?
4. Why did the Win give up in despair?
5. What lesson can you learn from the story?
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C. YOUR TURN • Work in pairs. Read again
the story of ‘The Win and the Sun’. Then,
put the events of the story in a
chronological order. Number one and two
have been given as examples.
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Well, one day the Win and the Sun were
disputing which was stronger.
1.What happened first?
The Win and the Sun saw a traveler
coming down the road.
2.What happened after that?
The Sun said that he saw a way to
decide their dispute: whichever of them
could cause that traveler to take off his
cloak should be regarded as the
strongest.
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3. What happened next?
________________________________
________________________
________________________________
________________________
4. What happened next?
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________
5. Finally?
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
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________________
6. Who was the winner then?
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________
• Get into group of four.
Develop the story of ‘The Win and the Sun
by completing the following sentences
using your own words. See the examples.
D. TRY THIS
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1. One day as the Win and the Sun were
disputing which was the strongest,
They saw a traveler coming down the
road.
2. At the beginning the Win and the Sun
didn’t know who was stronger, because
they didn’t see a way to decide their
dispute.
3. When the Sun saw a traveler, he …..
4. Whichever of them should be regarded
as the stronger as soon as he …..
5. Then the Sun retired behind a cloud
and …..
6. After that ….. But then he had to give
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up in despair.
7. When the Win began to blow …
8. Finally, the Sun came out and …
E. ENJOY THIS • Read the following story.
Then, answer the questions.
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Please All and You Please None
A man and his son were once going
with their donkey to a market. As they
were talking along, a countryman passed
them and said: “You fools, what is a
donkey for but to ride upon?”
So the man put the boy on the donkey
and they went on their way. But soon
they passed a group of men, one of
whom said: “See that lazy youngster, he
lets his father walk while he rides’”
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So the man had his boy get off, and
got on himself. But they hadn’t gone far
when they passed two women, one of
whom said to the other: “Shame on that
lazy lout to make his poor little son
trudge along.”
The man didn’t know what to do, but
at last he took his boy up before him on
the donkey. By this time they had come
to the town and the passers-by began to
jeer and point at them. The man stopped
and asked what they were scoffing at.
The men said: “Aren’t you ashamed of
yourself for overloading that poor donkey
of yours-you and your hulking son?”
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The man and boy got off and tried to
think what to do. They thought and they
thought, till at last they cut down a pole,
tied the donkey’s feet to it, and raised the
pole and the donkey to their shoulders.
They went along amid the laughter of all
who met them till they came to market
bridge, when the donkey, getting one of
his feet loose, kicked out and caused the
boy to drop his end of the pole. In the
struggle the donkey feel over the bridge,
and so did the man and the boy.
Finally an old man who had followed
them said: “That will teach you: Please
all, and you will please none.”
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(Adapted from: www. narrative.com) 81
Find out
1. What is a more suitable title for the previous
story?
2. Who were involved in the story?
3. Why did the countryman consider the man his
son fools?
4. Why did the man ask the boy to ride on the
donkey?
5. Is it true that the boy let his father walk while
he rode?
6. What is the main purpose of the story?
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GRAMMAR IN ACTION
A. Read and try to understand the following
information.
Causative let, have, make, and get
Causatives are main verbs that cause people
to do things. Causative verbs include: make,
get, have, let, help.
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Statements
1. He lets his father
walk while he
rides.
2. The man had his
boy get off
3. That lazy man
made his poor
little son trudge
along.
4. The bear makes
me kill a buffalo
for his family.
5. He won’t let me
take even one
little
drop
of
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blood.
The real meaning
a. He asks his father
to walk while he
rides.
b. The man asked
his boy to get off.
c. That lazy man
asked his poor
little son trudge
along.
d. The bear forces
me to kill a buffalo
for his family.
e. He doesn’t allow
me to take even
one little drop of84
blood.
See more examples:
Active
Subject
Main Objec Verb
object
verbs
t
word
(perso
n)
His mother made him
his
take
medicine.
Let’s
My
English
teacher
His
mother
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get
had
Let
Ralph to go
us
give
with us.
oral
reports.
him
to
school.
go
85
Subject
He
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Main Objec Verb
object
verbs
t
word
(perso
n)
helps me
type
my
paper.
86
Passive
Subject
Main
Object
Verb
verbs (thing)
word
His mother made his
taken
medicine
our car fixed
Let’s
get
comple
ment
(by
him)
first.
Oral
given.
report
this
checked
medicine
My
Typed.
helped paper
My English had
teacher
Ira
Let
He
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Did you notice that all passive causatives are
followed by verb-3?
Can you figure out the different between
active and passive causatives? Discuss it with
your friend.
B. Read the previous story (Please All and You
Will Please None) once again. Then,
complete the following sentences with
causative form: active or passive. See the
examples.
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What do you think they should do?
1. The man should have let the donkey stay
at home.
2. The man could have made his son got to
the market alone.
3. The man’s son
___________________________________
4. The donkey
___________________________________
5. A group of men
__________________________________
6. Two women
___________________________________
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7. The passers-by
__________________________________
8. The boy
___________________________________
9. The old man
___________________________________
10.The man and his son
_____________________________
C. Read the story below. Find saying, thinking,
and action verbs used in the text. See the
examples.
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The shepherd’s boy
There was once a young shepherd boy
who tended his sheep at the foot of a
mountain near a dark forest.
It was rather lonely for him all day, so
he thought up a plan by which he could
get a little company and some
excitements. He rushed down toward the
village calling out, “Wolf! Wolf!”.
Afterward the villagers came out to meet
him and some of them stayed with him
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for a considerable time.
This pleased the boy so much that a
few days afterward he tried the same
trick and the villagers came again to help.
But shortly after, a wolf actually did
come out from the forest and began to
worry the sheep. The boy cried out,
“Wolf! Wolf!” so much louder than before.
But this time the villagers, who had been
fooled twice before, thought the boy was
again deceiving them. Consequently, no
body came to help him.
So the wolf made a good meal of the
boy’s flock and when the boy complained,
the wise man of the village said: “A liar
will not be believed, even when he speaks
the truth.”
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(Adapted from: AESOP’S Fables)
1. Saying verbs : calling out,
__________________________________
_______________
2. Thinking verbs : thought,
__________________________________
3. Action verbs : tended,
__________________________________
__________________________________
D. Read and try to understand the following
information. Pay attention to the italic and
underlined parts.
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1. Wish …
a.
The countryman wishes he were able
to be a tycoon.
It means the countryman is not able
to be a tycoon.
b. The goose wished she had never met
the countryman.
It means
countryman.
the
goose
met
the
c. The countryman wishes he were a rich
man.
The fact is that he is a poor man. He
isn’t a rich man.
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2. If only …
a. If
only I had known that the
countryman was a cruel
man, I would
have left him. (conditional type 3)
The fact is I didn’t know that the
countryman was
a cruel man.
b. If only I were you, I would take his
offering to be a movie star. (conditional
type 2)
The fact is I am not you.
c. If only I hadn’t been lying to my mother,
I wouldn’t
have had any trouble.
(conditional type 3)
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It means I was lying to my mother.
3. Would rather …
a. I would rather it rained this morning.
It means it doesn’t rain this morning.
b. I would rather I worked for the
government.
The fact is I work for a private
company.
c. I would rather I had learned Japanese
or French, but I didn’t.
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4. As if/ as though …
a. Lanny speaks as if she were married,
but she isn’t.
b. Socy talks as though she had known a
lot about cars, but she didn’t.
c. Pinyo acts as if she could speak French
well, but she can’t.
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Remember !
1. Wish, if only, would rather, and as
if/as though are used when the
speaker wants reality to be different,
so be exactly the opposite.
2. The past simple tense is used for
something unreal or wished-for at the
present time.
3. ‘Were’ is the only form of ‘be’ used for
something unreal or wished-for now.
Don’t use ‘was’.
4. The past perfect is used for something
unreal or wished-for at the past time.
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E. Supply a suitable tense of the verbs in
brackets.
1. I wish I (know) his name
2. I’d rather you (go) now.
3. I would have helped you if only I (hear)
about your trouble.
4. If only he (not eat) so much garlic.
5. If only he (not eat) so much chili last
night.
6. I felt as if my head (be) on fire last night.
7. The countryman acted as though he (be)
a wise man.
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8. The man wished he (not kill) the goose.
9. The dog wouldn’t have dropped his meat
if only he (not open) his mouth.
10.He acted as though he never (meet) her.
F. Read the fable below. Write down the direct
speech found in the text. Then, change it into
indirect speech. See the examples given.
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The fox, the cock, and the dog
One moonlight night a fox was
prowling about a farmer’s hen coop,
and saw a cock roosting high up
beyond his reach.
“Good
cried.
news,
good
news!”
he
“Why, what is that?” said the
cock.
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“King Lion has declared a
universal truce. No beast may hurt a
bird henceforth, but all shall dwell
together in brotherly friendship.”
“Why, that is good news,” said
the cock, ”and there I see someone
coming, with whom we can share
the good tidings.” And so saying he
craned his neck forward and looked
at far off.
“What is it you see?” said the fox.
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“It is only my master’s Dog that is
coming toward us. Hey, why are you
going so soon?” he continued, as the
fox began to turn and run away as
soon as he had heard the Dog’s
coming.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Direct Speech
“Good
news,
good news!” he
cried.
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
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Indirect Speech
1. He cried ‘good
news’ twice.
2. ______________
3. ______________
4. ______________
5. ______________
6. ______________
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G. Give correct punctuation to the direct speech
below.
1. why do I have to eat these awful
vegetables Alison asked.
2. our medicine is unfavorable said their
leader at last we shall have to return
home.
3. no said the young lover it looks
mysterious sit still and finish your smoke.
4. oh come on who’s afraid said the jester
laughing.
5. I will sleep awhile he said for I am weary
and worn out.
6. Help us – drag us away they cried.
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7. I will go down to the water and see if I
can get some fish.
8. no you eat it let me rest said the lover.
9. very well said the lover I will eat the fish
with you but you must first make me a
promise.
10.oh I am tired can’t you go to the river by
yourself asked his friend.
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Moving Forward
A. THINK ABOUT IT. Answer the following
questions.
1. Do you remember any famous fairy tales
you have read?
2. What do you feel when you read fairy
tales? Happy? Sad? Bored?
3. Do you get any advantages from reading
fairy tales?
B. FIRST CHALLENGE. Read the following
fairy tale. Then, answer the questions.
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The History of Jack and the
Beanstalk
In the days of King Alfred there
lived a poor woman. She was a
widow and had an only child named
Jack, whom she indulged to a fault.
The consequent of her blind
partiality was that Jack did not pay
the least attention to anything she
said. His follies were not owing to a
bad disposition, but his mother had
never checked on him.
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The poor woman one day talked
wit Jack with tears in her eyes. Her
distress was great, and for the first
time in her life, she had not enough
money to purchase even a bit of
bread for another day. Nothing now
remains to sell but her poor cow.
Jack began asking her mother to et
him sell the cow in the next village
and she at last consented.
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As he was going along, Jack met
a butcher. The butcher inquired why
he was taking the cow from home.
Jack reply that he was going to sell
it. The butcher held some curious
beans in his hat that were of various
colours and attracted Jack’s notice.
The butcher asked what was the
price of the cow, offering at the
same time all the beans in his hat for
it.
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The bargain was struck instantly
and the cow exchanged for the
beans. Soon after that, Jack hurried
home and calling aloud to his mother
before he reached the house,
thinking to surprise her. When she
saw the beans and heard Jack’s
account, she became very angry. She
fiercely kicked the beans away and
they flew in all directions with some
being scattered in the garden.
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The following morning, Jack
awoke very early and saw something
uncommon from the window of his
bed-chamber.
Quickly,
he
ran
downstairs into the garden, where
he soon discovered that some of the
beans had taken root and sprung up
surprisingly. The stalks were of an
immense thickness and had so
entwined that they formed a ladder
almost like a chain in appearance.
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Without thinking twice, he began
to climb the beanstalk. Up and up he
climbed, until he reached the top.
Jack saw a path that led to a big
castle. The castle had a huge door
and Jack pushed with all his
strength to open it. Then he went
inside.
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Jack looked around in wonder. He
was in an enormous room. He saw a
huge pile of silver and gold coins. He
also saw the biggest table he had
ever seen. Next to the table there
was a huge chair. The table was
covered with lots of delicious looking
food. Feeling very hungry, Jack
climbed up onto the chair and then
onto the table. He started to eat the
delicious food.
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Suddenly, he heard rumbling
noise coming from a corner of the
room. Jack looked into the dark
corner and realized that the noise
was coming from a sleeping giant.
He was snoring loudly. Jack was
really scared.
Jack quickly jumped down from
the table and grabbed some coins
from the floor. Then he ran as fast as
he could and climbed back down the
beanstalk.
The next morning, Jack felt
brave and climbed up the beanstalk
again. This time he saw a goose with
two
golden
eggs
next
to
the
sleeping
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giant.
Jack tiptoed across the room
toward the goose. Suddenly, he
tripped and fell onto the floor with a
crash.
The giant woke up and saw Jack.
He was very angry and shouted:
“Fee, fi, fo, fum. I smell the blood of
an Englishman. Be he alive or be he
dead, I’ll grind his bones to make my
bread.”
As Jack ran out of the castle he
grabbed the goose and then hurried
down the beanstalk.
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He was much faster than the big
clumsy giant and quickly reached the
ground.
Jack called out, “Help! Help!
Mother, quick, bring the axe!” On
hearing Jack’s cries, his mother
came running with the axe. Using all
his strength Jack chopped down the
beanstalk. The beanstalk was down
tumbled and so did the giant. The
giant laid dead on the ground.
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In the end, Jack and his mother
were never poor again. They used
some of the gold coins to buy
another cow. The goose continued to
lay golden eggs and they lived
happily ever after.
(Adapted from: ‘Favourite Fairy Tales Series’ by Ursula Walks’)
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Find out
1. Who are the characters in the story?
2. Describe clearly about the people in the
story. See the examples.
• Jack’s mother : a poor woman, _____
_______________________________
• Jack
: a foolish boy, ____________
_______________________________
• A butcher :_______________________
________________________________
• The giant:________________________
________________________________
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3. Why did Jack’s mother always complaint
about Jack’s behavior?
4. Why did Jack’s mother get angry with
Jack?
5. What was so special about the beans?
6. What did Jack do when he saw an
enormous beanstalk out side his window?
Order the events in chronological order by
completing the following sentences. See
the examples below.
a. In the beginning, Jack ran downstairs
into the garden.
b. Then, he ________________________
120
c. ________________________________
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d. _______________________________
e. _______________________________
f.________________________________
etc.
Finally, Jack and his mother used the gold
coins to buy another cow.
7. If you were Jack, what would you wish
after having lots of gold coins?
I wish I ___________________________
I wish my mother ___________________
I would buy __________________ if ___
__________________________________
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C. SECOND CHALLENGE. Work in pairs. Read the text
once again. Discuss the following questions.
1. What is the purpose of the writer telling this story?
2. Does the story begin with: a. who was involved?
b. what happened?
c. where and when it happened?
3. Identify parts of the previous story. Decide, which one is
orientation, complication, and resolution.
4. Is it a happy or sad-ending story? Give your reasons.
5. Does the story happen in the past or present time? Give your
reasons.
6. Underline several action verbs that you can find in the text.
7. Circle all the noun phrases you find in the text.
8. Use different colors to underline the adverbial phrases used
in the text.
9. Do you still remember some saying verbs such as said, told,
asked, etc? Fin some in the text an mention them
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Find examples of direct and indirect speech used in the text.122
Hand in Hand
YOUR PROJECT. Work in group of four. Continue the
following story as creative as possible.
The Little Mice
Once upon a time a little mouse busied herself all
fall storing away a cache of beans. Every morning
she was out early with her empty cast-off snake
skin, which she filled with ground beans and
dragged home with her teeth.
The little mouse had a cousin who was fond of
dancing and talking, but who did not like to work.
She was not careful to get her cache of beans and
the season was already well gone before she
thought to get some. When she came to realize her
need, she found she had no packing bag. So she
went to her hardworking cousin and said:
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
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HINT Use the following strategy to gather information.
1. Use these details to discuss the ending of the story you are
going to create.
a. What happen?
• What happen to your
characters in the story?
b. When and where was it
done?
• Where did this occur?
• In the house? Outside the
house?
• Far away from the house?
c. What was the problem?
• What problems did your
characters have?
d. What was the solution?
• How did your characters in
the story solve their
problem?
2. After you get all the details listed above, discuss them.
•
Do they fit the beginning of the story together?
•
Should there be any detail added or eliminated?
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Ask your teacher for some suggestions.
3. If you have finished, discuss with your group, “what is the
purpose of the story”, and “what points are you going to
show?”
e.g:
•
Are you trying to show that when a person is in trouble,
there is generally someone who will help?
• Or are you trying to make other points?
Write it here:
Purpose : ……………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………..
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