社会语言学
第十七讲
语言与文化
社会语言学的学科定位
本体研究
 应用研究：（大四上）应用语言学
 狭义的应用语言学：语言教学
 广义的应用语言学：（看齐、陈版目录）
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社会语言学的本体意义
社会语言学与文化语言学
 文化语言学=人类语言学，更广义上属于文化人类
学，研究重点在词汇。
 亲属称谓
 土家族群婚制在亲属称谓中的反映
 汉族亲属称谓的基本特点：行辈、长幼、父母、
血姻、直旁、（嫡庶）
 颜色词
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From Foley(1997)
Chronological Sequence
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Stage I: Dark-cool and light-warm (this covers a
larger set of colors than English "black" and
"white".)
Stage II: Red
Stage III: Either green or yellow
Stage IV: Both green and yellow
Stage V: Blue
Stage VI: Brown
Stage VII: Purple, pink, orange, or grey
Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and
Evolution (1969) by Brent Berlin and Paul Kay.
Visible Spectrum
语言相对论（Linguistic relativity）

语言制约着人类的思维，每种语言都有自己特有
的模式化系统和结构模型，因此不同民族的思维
也大不相同。

the structure of a language affects the ways in which its
speakers are able to conceptualize their world, i.e. their world
view. Popularly known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, or
Whorfianism, the principle is generally understood as having
two different versions: (i) the strong version that language
determines thought and that linguistic categories limit and
determine cognitive categories and (ii) the weak version that
linguistic categories and usage influence thought and certain
kinds of non-linguistic behavior. (From wikipedia)
语言相对论（Linguistic relativity）
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Wilhelm von Humboldt (1820)
The diversity of languages is not a diversity of
signs and sounds but a diversity of views of the
world.
Boas, Franz (1911)
It does not seem likely [...] that there is any
direct relation between the culture of a tribe and
the language they speak, except in so far as the
form of the language will be moulded by the
state of the culture, but not in so far as a certain
state of the culture is conditioned by the
morphological traits of the language."
语言相对论（Linguistic relativity）
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Sapir, Edward (1929)
No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to
be considered as representing the same social
reality. The worlds in which different societies live
are distinct worlds, not merely the same world
with different labels attached.
Whorf (1956)

We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native language.
The categories and types that we isolate from the world of
phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer
in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a
kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our
minds—and this means largely by the linguistic systems of our
minds. We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe
significances as we do, largely because we are parties to an
agreement to organize it in this way—an agreement that holds
throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns
of our language [...] all observers are not led by the same physical
evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic
backgrounds are similar, or can in some way be calibrated.
社会语言学的学科特点
（1）极其简单又极其困难
（2）极其琐屑又极其重要
07级社会语言学论文选题摘登
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魏晋：“给力”的使用状况研究
冯琳洁：浅析网络谐音流行语
李莉丽：大学生网络流行语使用状况调查——以武汉大学
本科生为例
胡倡萌：国内高校网上跳蚤市场广告语的话用分析
邢娜：东北方言中的俄源词
贺赞：襄樊方言亲属称谓研究
感谢大家一个学期
以来的支持！