Theory of reasoned action
(TRA)
Theory of planned behaviour
(TPB)
Theory of reasoned action.
• This is looking at the link between
attitudes and behaviour.
• Theory of reasoned action illustrated
this exact link……
• Using a number of components it is
believed behaviour derives from…..
Theory of reasoned Action
(TRA)
• Personal beliefs about the behaviour…A persons
expectation(s) of the outcome of performing the behaviour and
their evaluation.
• The subjective norm…The persons perception of how others
view the behaviour, and the individuals motivations to comply with social
convention.
We used this model in Eating
behaviour (PSYA3)…how could
this be used for addiction?
5 mins post it task.
Theory of reasoned Action
(TRA)
• Sharma (2007)- suggested the theory had
strong predictive utility.
• Nonetheless others felt differently and
suggested the theory could not explain in
sufficient detail the actins of people who
have little or no control over their behaviour
(aka addicts!).
• So a new model was born….Theory of Planned
behaviour.
Theory of planned behaviour (TPB)
• Azjen (1991) suggested various factors
combine to form an intention to act a certain
way.
Hmm….How do
I use
this with
addiction?
Attitudes toward
behaviour
Subjective
norms
Perceived
behavioural
control
Intention to
behave in a
certain way
Behaviour
Model of change
• The model defines a more general process of
change and, therefore, it tends to be less
specific. Prochaska and DiClemente found
that people pass through a series of stages
when change occurs.
• Progression through the stages is cyclical, not
linear. This is because initially many
individuals relapse on their change efforts
and do not successfully maintain their gains
the first time
• around.
Model of change (Prochaska et al
(1992)
•
•
•
•
•
Pre-contemplation-Does not
perceive they have a problem, has
no intention of changing.
Contemplation-Aware they have a
problem, know they should make a
change, not fully committed to
idea (sitting on the fence).
Preparation- Intending to take
action, may have begun to act-the
get set point!
Action stage- Change has
happened (over months) change
occurs in behaviour, environment
or experience.
Maintenance-Working to prevent
relapse, in maintenance stage if
they remain free of problem for
6mths +
Source: https://images1.clinicaltools.com/images/cmetobacco/trans_model.gif
Evaluation on Models of change
 Counselling to avoid relapses is necessary to
ensure a successful long-term change.
 The model takes into account behavioural
relapses or return to the previously existing
behaviour. In the case of relapses, many
individuals do not let up.
 They can revisit the contemplation stage and
prepare for action in the future. The spiral
 pattern of the model suggests that many
individuals learn from their relapses instead
of circling around the issue
Evaluation of TPB,TRA and
model of change.
• TRA- Cannot explain addictive behaviour.
• TPB- Is a better explanation than TRA, can in some
cases be used to successfully help prevent addictive
behaviours (teenage smoking: (Winge 2003)
• Both Limited in scope- Both look at deliberate
planned behaviours do not account for behaviours
that are not necessarily conscious (Bohner 2001).
• Models of change may be more productive in
explaining non-conscious behaviours such as addiction.
Comparison of the models.
• Prochaska & DiClemente’s change theory is
differentiated from the other theories. The
model is cyclical, not linear. This theory takes
relapses or failures to convert to the desired
behaviour the first time into account.
• Individuals that may relapse can revisit the
contemplation stage and make plans for action
in the future.
• Whereas Self-efficacy must be present in
order for theory of planned behaviour to be
successful.