.NET Framework and
Architecture
By Sanjeev Nagaraddi
Sonal Patidar
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Overview
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What is Microsoft .NET?
– New computing platform that simplifies application
development in the highly distributed environment
of the Internet.
– It is a protocol stack and computing model for
TCPI/IP-based, distributed computing.
– The .NET Enterprise servers are built for
interoperability from the ground up, using open
Web standards such as XML with increased
scalability and reliability.
Primary .NET Components
– Common Language Runtime (CLR)
– .NET System Class Libraries
– ASP.NET used to create XML Web Services
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.NET Architecture Overview
.NET Framework Elements
– A runtime engine, called the "Common Language
Runtime" (CLR) that handles memory allocation,
error trapping, and security features.
– A set of extensive Framework class libraries,
written from the ground up that comprise
practically any functionality you could ask for.
– Two top-level development "arenas" for web
applications (ASP.NET) and regular Windows
applications (Windows Forms).
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Common Language Runtime (CLR)
CLR Architecture
– .NET applications are compiled to a common
language known as Microsoft Intermediate
Language, or "IL".
– The CLR, then, handles compiling the IL to
machine language, at which point the program is
executed.
– The CLR architecture provides expansive tool
support , simpler deployment (end of "DLL
Hell"), superior scalability, support for multiple
programming languages and a common data type
system.
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Common Type System (CTS)
– Defines how types are declared, used, and
managed in the runtime.
– Establishes a framework that enables crosslanguage integration, type safety, and high
performance code execution.
– Provides an object-oriented model that supports
the complete implementation of many
programming languages.
– Defines rules that languages must follow, which
helps ensure that objects written in different
languages can interact with each other.
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Managed Code, Managed Data and Metadata
- Code that targets the runtime is called managed code. It
runs under “contract of cooperation” with the runtime.
Managed code must supply metadata necessary for the
runtime to provide its services. All code based on MSIL
executes as managed code.
- Objects whose lifetime are managed by the runtime are
called managed data. The runtime automatically handles
object layout and manages references to these objects,
releasing them when they are no longer being used.
-Metadata is information that describes every element
managed by the runtime: an assembly, loadable file, type,
method and so on.
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.NET Framework Classes
System Class Library - collection of reusable types that tightly
integrate with the runtime.
– Framework classes include user interfaces (Windows
Forms (conventional Win32 apps); Web Forms (the
forms engine for ASP.NET);
– Server Controls (reusable user interface components
dwelling server-side);
– Console Applications; as well as program
interfaces—Web services which are third-party
applications available over the Internet.
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.NET Framework Class Library
System.Web
Services
Description
Discovery
Protocols
UI
HtmlControls
WebControls
Caching
Configuration
Security
SessionState
System.Windows.Forms
Design
ComponentModel
System.Drawing
Drawing2D
Imaging
System.Data
OleDb
Common
Printing
Text
System.Xml
SqlClient
SQLTypes
XSLT
XPath
Serialization
System
Collections
Configuration
Diagnostics
Globalization
IO
Net
Reflection
Resources
Security
ServiceProcess
Text
Threading
Runtime
InteropServices
Remoting
Serialization
.NET Framework and Tools
VB
C++
C#
…
J#
Common Language Specification
Web Forms Web Services
Mobile Internet Toolkit
Windows
Forms
ADO .NET and XML
Base Class Library
Common Language Runtime
Operating System
Visual Studio .NET
ASP .NET
Assembly
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An Assembly is a collection of types and resources
that are built to work together and form a logical
unit of functionality.
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.exe, .dll, application(only has one entry point)or a
library.
Can reference other assemblies.
These resources, types and references are described in
a block of data called a manifest.
Defines a type boundary, security boundary , version
boundary.
Can be private or shared.
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Compilation and Execution
Compilation
Source
Code
Language
Compiler
Native
Code
JIT
Compiler
Execution
Code (IL)
Assembly
Metadata
At installation or the
first time each
method is called
Languages and Platforms Supported by .NET
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Perl
Python
COBOL
Jscript
Eiffel
Java
Haskell
Pascal
ML
Ada
APL
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C
C++
Visual Basic
C#
SmallTalk
Oberon
Scheme
Mercury
Oz
RPG
Objective Caml
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Windows XP
Windows 2000
Windows NT4
SP6a
Windows ME/98
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ASP.NET
ASP.NET is a set of technologies in the Microsoft .NET
framework for building Web Applications and XML Web
services. ASP.NET pages execute on the server and generate
markup such as HTML or XML that is sent to a browser.
ASP.NET pages and XML web services contain a server side
logic written in VB.NET or C#.NET.
Uses XML for data storage, configuration and manipulation.
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ASP vs ASP.NET
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Better Language Support
Programmable Controls
Event Driven Programming
XML Based Components
User Authentication, with Accounts and Roles
Higher Scalability
Increased Performance - Compiled Code
Easier Configuration and Deployment
Not Fully ASP Compatible
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XML Web Services
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A web service is a programmable application
component accessible via standard Web protocols
Web services allow applications to share data and can be
called across platforms and operating systems, regardless
of programming language.
Yellow Pages for Web services
UDDI
Service descriptions
WSDL
Service interactions
SOAP
Universal Data Format
XML
Ubiquitous communications
HTTP
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SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
• SOAP is an XML based object protocol for the exchange
of information in a decentralized, distributed environment.
a. Serialization format for request/response semantics
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using XML and HTTP as transport
b. Extensible XML document (Envelope,
Encoding Rules, RPC)
c. Supports complex and simple types (structs, datasets,
classes)
SCL (SOAP Contract Language)
XML document describing the location and interfaces
a particular service supports
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.NET Security
1.
Role-Based Security
a.
Principal - abstraction of the user and the
roles in which it belongs.
b. Identity - represents the user on whose
behalf the code is executing.
2.
Code-Access Security
a. Permissions
b. Evidence
3.
Cryptography
a.
b.
c.
Confidentiality – to protect user’s identity and data.
Data Integrity – to protect data from being altered.
Authentication – to assure that data originates from
a particular party
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Permissions
 A permissions object represents a specific authorization, such as
access to a resource
- “permission to do something”
 A permission grant is an authorization given to an assembly
- “this code is authorized to do something”
 A permission demand is security check for corresponding grants
- “ is something permitted , else raise an exception”
- done by stack walking.
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Pros and Cons of .NET
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Easy to use tools may
increase programmer
productivity.
Strong framework for
building rich GUI s
Choice of more than 20
languages to work with.
Tightly integrated with
MS operating system and
enterprise server software.
Built in support for Web
services standards.
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Framework runs only on
Windows, restricting vendor
choice.
Users of prior MS tools and
technologies face potentially
steep learning curve.
New runtime lacks maturity.
Choice of integrated
development environments is
limited
Questions persist about
scalability and transaction
capability of the Windows
platform
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Summary
To summarize, .NET is a set of Microsoft
software technologies for connecting your
world of information, people, systems, and
devices that enables unprecedented level of
software integration through the use of
XML Web services via the internet.
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References
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.NET Development (MSDN)
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/nhp/De
fault.asp?contentid=28000519
.NET FAQ
http://archive.devx.com/dotnet/resources/vsresources-5.asp
ASP Vs ASP.NET
http://www.w3schools.com/aspnet/aspnet_vsasp.asp
ASP.NET
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/
en-us/Dndotnet/html/Techmap_webapps.asp?frame=true
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Thank You!!
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