IDN
The History and Opportunities
in China
June, 2011
Singapore
Why we need IDN
• Language is most important for human
being communication.
Different languages
Different cultures
COMMUNICATION
PROBLEM
If computer doesn’t have Chinese operation
system, China wouldn’t become the biggest
computer consuming country.
Why we need IDN
IDN plays an important role in Language Adaptation in
Internet.
Example: .COM registration in China
– Before 2006, the English spelling domain name’s price keep raising
in domain name trading market.
– After 2006, PinYin spelling domain name which has the Chinese
pronunciation become more expensive than the English spelling
domain name in domain name trading market. (such as:
baidu.com is a PinYin Spelling Domain)
The popularity of the PinYin spelling .com domain names proofs the
need of IDN in China. It also proofs the real IDN will have a bigger
market in non English speaking country.
History of IDN in China
2000
• IDN Services Providers in China
– Network Solutions from America
– IDN-S from Singapore
– CNNIC in China
• Fee
– CNNIC is providing FREE IDN service for 1st Year
– IDN-S and Network Solutions are not for free
History of IDN in China
In the end of 2000, over 1 million IDNs are
registered:
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Free IDN in CNNIC: over 1 million
Not free IDN: approximately 100,000
History of IDN in China
2001-2003
However, the good view didn’t last long, the IDN
promotion in CHINA encountered its owen
difficulties from 2001 to 2003. All the IDNs have to
use Plug-ins to resolve the delegation problem. It
caused a number of issues:
– the stability of the Plug-ins.
– The compatibility btw Plug-ins and operation system,
example: the plug-ins cannot install, uninstall, function.
– Downloading difficulties of the plug-ins.
– Acceptance problem of users
– Applications of IDN (Email, FTP and etc.)
History of IDN in China
After 2001
Problems continued:
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System compatibility is low
Rogue software Interference
Users’ misunderstanding about IDN
Application Problem
IDNs were rarely registered and renewed
Finally users gave up on IDNs
CNNIC became the only organization that was still
working on promoting the IDN.
History of IDN in China
2005
• After 2005, CNNIC intensified the promotion of
IDN in China.
• The IDN registration started grow, however, it still
didn’t reach the volume in the year of 2000.
2006
• .CN registration became the third largest CCTLDs
in the world
• CNNIC used this great opportunity. They united
other organizations raised the IDN issue to ICANN
at the same year.
History of IDN in China
The year 2010
IDN CCTLD finally became a
member of domains family
The current promotion situation and
the problems of IDN in China
90% government website starts use Chinese IDN
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Ministry of Education,
Ministry of Finance
and other central government websites
all provinces, states, city government websites
Example: 上海市政府.CN (ShangHai City),
广东省政府.CN (GuangDong Province)
The current promotion situation and
the problems of IDN in China
• Chinese government website is always the key
approach for the public to:
– understand the government information,
– acquire the online services,
– join the Supervision of government.
• The Chinese IDN has the advantage of setting up a
standard and authorized government image, and also
enlarging the influence of the government among
citizens.
The current promotion situation and
the problem of IDN in China
• 90% of the users are willing to use Chinese IDN
• The Chinese IDN is easier to remember and spread
among Chinese speakers.
According to CNNIC’s statistics:
– 90% of the interviewers like to use their own language
to surf in the Internet;
– over 70% of the internet users think Chinese can
explain a better meaning of famous “Brands” in China.
We need IDN in China!
Chinese Internet users have reached 1370
million. It becomes the largest Internet society
in the world. They need use their own
language to surf in the Internet. This demand
will popularize the Chinese IDN, and it will
raise another wave of IDN application.
Advantages of IDN
Increase the Accuracy of Domain name in
China
• There is a high repeatability of Chinese
pronunciation (PinYin).
– Over 1000 characters have different meanings but
sound alike.
– This caused a very high repeatability of PinYin
spelling domain names.
• Eg: “kai xin” in China meanings happy
However in PinYin: “Kai” has 34 different characters. “Xin” has 46
different characters. Therefore, It will have over trillion different
meanings with different combinations.
Advantage of IDN Promotion
Situations above created a severe controversy in
Internet.
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This controversy is harmful for the protection of
Intellectual property.
The companies have to cybersquate to register their
own brand. This is the major cause of the dispute.
On the contrary, the Chinese IDN can illustrate
accurate meaning of the brand by using the mother
tongue of the local people. And significantly
reduce the confusion of the domain.
Advantage of IDN Promotion
IDN can increase the security and reduce the
management cost
– With the PinYin spelling domain name, a large
amount of fraud website, email addresses can easily
commit the fraud crime.
– The government, banks, famous enterprises don’t
have their distinguished name in Internet in China,
which is the major reason of widely spreading
phishing emails.
– It also caused the user’s confusion when they
received the phishing email.
The Difficulties of Promotion
• The domain name registration management
organizations are profit oriented. This will increase the
price of IDN.
• Chinese domain name registration regulation doesn’t
allow citizen to have personalized domains.
• There is no marketing advisement for IDN. People have
limit resource to know IDNs.
• .COM and .NET remain domination position. For their
own profit, they use the public opinions to lead the
deviation of the understanding of IDN.
The advantage of adding new IDN
GTLDs
NOW we can add new IDN GTLDs to enlarge the
influence of IDN.
The IDN GTLDs can increase the accuracy of the
meaning of industries
– .化工 pharmaceutical industries,
– .影视 film industries,
– .金融 finance.
These characters can demonstrate a better ideas
among Chinese speaking people. This is also an
efficient way to reduce the confusion caused by
English typo.
The advantage of adding new IDN
GTLDs
After long domination period of .com and .net, the
understanding of domain name and domain name
business cannot be improved. By adding the new
GTLD, we can break the development barrier and
resolve the problem as below:
– The difficulty of Domain name management
– The surprisingly high cost which companies need protect
their Brands in Internet.
– The difficulty to register a good .com/.net domain
– A lot of large enterprises and organizations have problem
with exposure in Internet.
The advantage of adding new IDN
GTLDs
By adding the new GTLDs
• The famous companies brands’ Intellectual
properties protection
• Improve understanding of the Domain name
• Reduce the confusion caused by language
Eg: Citi bank = 花旗银行= huaqi yinhang
• Only the owner of the business can apply (原主申
请) the IDN GTLD cannot be used by other entities
Opportunities of IDN in Future
With the increasing attention on Chinese IDNs,
the utilization range of Chinese IDN will
expand, and the users of IDNs will be more
and more.
The Chinese IDN will become the most
popular and useful domain in China.
Thank You!