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Football– Group 1
Reader– Group 2
Cheerleaders - 3
Artists – Group 4
Singer – Group 5
Band– Group 6
Orchestra– Group 7
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Writers – Group 8
Theatre/Acting– Group 9
Pokeman Fans– 10
Soccer – 11
Runner – 12
One Direction Fans- 13
• You will work together to create the
best classroom seal and motto for
our class after looking at the current
United States Seal including motto “E
Pluribus Unum.”
As a group, design a seal that would represent our class –
check out our current US Seal. Everyone in class must wear
this seal on a class t-shirt.
Present your shield to the class and
each group has one vote. We will
pick the shield that has 9/13 votes.
• Each group gets to vote on each shield.
• The shield with 9 or more votes wins.
• Each group can only vote on one shield.
Debrief
• Did we decide on one seal that at least 9 of
groups could agree on?
• What were the problems in finding a common
decision?
• How did the different groups feel as we made
the decisions?
• Where there any groups missing? How did
that affect the process
• What would have helped the decisions?
Quiz on a Post It
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Place your name on Post It
If you have your own Post It add one point
Number 1-5
Answers require only one letter or one word
answer.
• Keep your eyes on your own paper.
Quiz over AOC
1. Totally true, A little true, False, A little False:
Native Americans were given equal
protection as white settlers under the
Northwest Ordinance.
Quiz over AOC
2. The NW Ordinance:
a. Granted freedom of religion and the right to
trial by jury to settlers.
b. Organized the territories and gave a clear path
to statehood.
c. Abolished slavery in the territories.
d. All of the above
Quiz over AOC
3. The AOC were ratified:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Immediately following the DOI
In 1781 after territorial disputes were solved
In 1865 after the end of the Civil War
After the US Constitution was proved too weak
Quiz over AOC
4. The Articles of Confederation:
a. established the Confederate States of America
and announced their secession in 1776.
b. established too weak of a central government
and were replaced by the U.S. Constitution.
c. gave all authority to the central government and
left no power to the states.
Quiz over AOC
5. Which power did the central government not have
under the Articles of Confederation?
a. Under the Articles of Confederation the central
government had all of the powers below:
b. Diplomacy, making treaties, etc.
c. Coordinating the war effort
d. The power to tax
e. Settling disputes between the states
Articles of Confederation
Simulation
• This simulation was designed to show you the
set up and weaknesses of America’s first ruling
document – the Articles of Confederation. But
what did you actually “experience?”
Simulation to Reality
• During the war and after, under the new
government, most people still saw themselves as
“Virginians or South Carolinians” than Americans.
• The first government was ruled under the Articles of
Confederation. But under this plan for government,
most of the powers were given to the states, and the
national government was really not strong enough.
• The Constitution replaced the AOC within about 11
years.
• Here’s the story….
From the Articles of Confederation
what can you learn?
The AOC said that the government
would be…
• Divided into only one
branch: A legislative
branch that was called
the Confederation
Congress.
• Each state could send
2-7 representatives but
they only got one vote
on each law or issue.
The Confederation Congress had
the powers to:
Draw an image next to each:
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Borrow money
Make treaties
Declare war
Deal with the Indians
Control Western lands
Deal with foreign problems
Run Postal Service
9/13 states had to approve any decision
Ratifying the AOC
1. Drafted in 1777 and
approved by the
Congress as a whole,
but the small states did
not sign until 1781 as
the war was ending.
2. Small states didn’t like
that fact that large
states had control of
lands west of the
Appalachian
Mountains.
Ratification Dates
Simulation to Reality
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
13 “groups”
Each group had different #
of representatives
Some groups had no
members
Each group got only 1 vote
no matter how many
members
9/13 groups had to
approve a seal before it
went onto our shirts
13/13 had to approve an
official change to our
voting process
The achievements of the government
under the AOC, too.
• It wasn’t all bad…..
• Peace Treaty with Great Britain (treaty of Paris of
1783)
• Land Ordinance of 1785 – decided how to
systematically cut up the new lands in the
Northwest Territory; got large states to give up
claims to Western lands.
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787– a system which said
new states could be added
Western Land Claims
When the large states gave the land to the
government to manage, the remaining small
states ratified the AOC
What would you do with the NW
Territory?
How would you organize it? Divide it? Govern it?
Land Ordinance
F. Northwest Ordinance
1.
Provided for the organized creation of the 5 states that today
we call OH, IN, MI, IL, WI,
F. Northwest Ordinance
1.
2.
Provided for the organized creation of the states that today we
call OH, IN, MI, IL, WI,
Northwest Ordinance – ratified in 1787 by Confederation
Congress and it stated that in lands of the Northwest Territory,
they would be settled and governed in the following manner:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
When there are 5000 land owning males, the township could elect
an assembly
When there are 60000 people they could apply for statehood (after
the assembly writes the state constitution)
Slavery is outlawed everywhere
Rivers are navigable by all
Freedom of religion is guaranteed in all the townships
Trial by jury is guaranteed!
Schools are set up in each area
Natives were to be treated with a “decent” respect.
What problems could arise with
this plan of government?
What were the weaknesses of the federal
government under the AOC?
• No power to levy or collect taxes (states
collected money and could turn it into the
national treasury)
• No power to regulate trade between states or
with foreign countries
• No power to enforce laws (no commander in
chief and no way to call up an army) States
didn’t have to follow laws or treaties.
• No power to set up courts (judicial branch) to
settle disputes between states
Other problems
• Laws needed 9/13 states for approval. That’s
70% - really a lot of agreement.
• To amend (change) any of these weaknesses,
all states had to approve – that means 100%
Why were the Articles of Confederation
so weak?
What we didn’t like about
the British. . .
So the Articles of
Confederation…
• Taxation without
representation
• Large central government
(monarchy) had all the power
• States always had to listen to
the king
• All power was in the King’s
hands.
• King could change the
system of government any
time
• Federal government could not
tax
• States didn’t have to follow
laws and treaties.
• States had their own laws and
didn’t have to follow any other
states’ laws
• No executive branch or
national court system.
• Any amendment required all
13 states
G. Shay’s Rebellion – the final straw
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
A problem in the state of Massachusetts because of debt to
soldiers in 1787
Lots of debt in Massachusetts leads to EXTREMELY high taxes about $200/year which is more than the average family even
makes in a year
Strict debt laws also in Massachusetts means that if families can’t
pay their taxes or debt, they are thrown in jail and their property
sold
Farmers worried, so they ask the Massachusetts legislature for
some help (c’mon Massachusetts, give us a break!), and
legislature gives them no relief
Farmers get together to rebel
Daniel Shays is leader of rebellion, a group of them go to the state
arsenal (where weapons are stored) and attack
State militia is called in, and four folks die and the rebellion is
squashed.
What did the national government do? Nothing? They had no
power to give the state and/or the farmers any help. With this huge
rebellion, they realized how powerless they were.
Paper Debate in a Group of 4
• Side One: The AOC is a great plan of
government for the newly independent US
– Hint: Make sure your debaters are prepared with
accurate examples of successes of the AOC.
• Side Two: The AOC is too weak a plan of
government for the newly independent US.
– Hint: Make sure your debaters are prepared with
accurate examples of problems related to the
AOC.