BookⅡ
Unit Four
The Professor and the Yo-Yo
The Third Two Periods
Writing and Exercise
Designed by Shi Yuan
Useful Expressions
1. 密友
a close friend
2. 感到无拘无束
feel at ease
3. 指出
point out
4. 使玩具失去平衡
throw the toy off balance
5. 一首表示感谢的诗
a poem of thanks
6. 在某人的能力范围内
within one’s limits
7. 超出力所能及的范围
beyond one’s intellectual limits
8. 对…心满意足
be content to
Useful Expressions
9. 对…具有免疫力
be immune to
10. 与…通信往来
correspond with
11. 一本拍纸簿
a pad of paper
12. 对某人来说毫无意义
mean nothing to someone
13. 信奉简朴
believe in simplicity
14. 回复到
revert to
15. 实际应用
practical application
16. 相对（来说）次要
relatively minor in importance
Useful Expressions
17. 推断其运作原理
deduce the operating principle
18. 推理中的一个漏洞
a flaw in one’s reasoning
19. 不赞成的表情
an expression of disapproval
20. 研究出解决方法
work out an solution
21. 一个家喻户晓的名字
a household name
22. 对…迷惑不解
be bewildered by
23. 受到关注
receive attention
24. 挑选出
single out
Exercises
• Fill the blanks with the words or expressions given below.
• Change the form where necessary.
ambition
argue
at ease
modest
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work out
approach
application
pursue
observe
take apart
fortune
single out
a series of
come to terms with
• 1. I now have a better understanding of Einstein’s
special theory of relativity after attending _____lectures
on the topic.
•
A series of
• 2. Many educators are giving up traditional methods of
teaching in favor of more modern ________.
•
approaches
ambition
work out
approach
argue
at ease
modest
application
pursue
observe
take apart
fortune
single out
a series of
come to terms with
• 3. Both of her daughters _____ their studies abroad now,
one in German the other in China.
•
are pursuing
• 4. This boy is very intelligent, but his lack of ________
prevents his success.
•
ambition
• 5. She _____logically that the new regulations would
harm the poor.
•
argued
• 6. He found it quite difficult to ____ his parents’ death.
•
come to terms with
ambition
work out
approach
argue
at ease
modest
application
pursue
observe
take apart
fortune
single out
a series of
come to terms with
• 7. I consider it proper to leave it to the committee to _____ the
details of the plan.
•
work out
• 8. Philip is good at writing. Last week his composition was once
again ________ for special praise.
•
singled out
• 9. As far as I am concerned, some days are lucky while others
seem marked by bad _____.
•
fortune
• 10. This machine is very complicated indeed. Once ____, it can
hardly be put together again.
•
taken apart
ambition
work out
approach
argue
at ease
modest
application
pursue
observe
take apart
fortune
single out
a series of
come to terms with
• 11. Tom felt quite _____ when he stayed with his aunt,
a good-natured old lady.
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at ease
• 12. The ability to _____ keenly and in detail is
necessary for anyone who wishes to be a scientist.
•
observe
• 13. He was a _____ person in spite of his great
success.
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modest
• 14. The ____ of scientific reasoning to study of human
behavior is one of the major principles of psychology.
•
application
Rewrite each of the following sentences, using
the words given in brackets.
1.
He doesn’t write for any newspaper except the
Washington Post.
(exclusively)
He writes exclusively for the Washington Post.
2.
The friendship your people have for our people
made a deep impression on me during my visit in
your country. (impress)
The friendship your people have for our people
impressed me deeply during my visit in your country.
3.
Joe would no longer be able to go sailing again,
and it took him a long time to accept this reality.
(come to terms with, the fact that)
It took Joe a long time to come to terms with the
fact that would no longer be able to go sailing again.
4. Jim’s grandfather feels certain that fresh air and
exercise are more valuable than medicine.
(believe in)
Jim’s grandfather believes more in fresh air and
exercise than in medicine.
5.
He failed in his attempt to find a good job owing to
his poor education.
(frustrate)
Owing to his poor education he was frustrated in
his attempt to find a good job
6. In terms of population most American cities are not
as large as Chinese cities like Shanghai and Beijing.
(relatively, when compared to)
Most American cities are relatively small in terms of
population when compared to Chinese cities like
Shanghai and Beijing.
Turn the following sentences into passive
structures.
Model: What the professor said made
me feel at ease.
I was made to feel at ease.
1. They saw John’s father return after
dark.
John’s father was seen to return after
dark.
2. I heard the wind roar through the trees.
The wind was heard to roar through the trees.
3. I don’t think the boss can made Tom take his orders.
I don’t think Tom can be made to take the boss’s
orders.
4. People saw the young man enter the building next
to the bank.
The young man was seen to enter the building next
to the bank.
5. When she was in Shanghai we heard the actress say
she had long thought the city as her second home.
When she was in Shanghai the actress was heard to
say she had long thought the city as her second
home.
6. After the minister of education had finished
speaking at the press conference, they made him
answer all kinds of questions.
After the minister of education had finished
speaking at the press conference, he was made to
answer all kinds of questions.
Fill in the blanks:
1. Nobody is immune from criticism.
2. In some cases, different approaches to the
same scientific problem lead to conflicting
theories.
3. He felt quite at ease when he stayed with us.
4. As far as the problem is concerned, they are on
the wrong track.
5. The bank manager asked his assistant if it was
possible for him to work out the investment plan.
Direction: multiple choices.
• ( B )1. The fireman great courage in saving the child.
• A. displayed B. demonstrated C. exhibited D. revealed
• ( D ) 2. The satellite was launched into
around the
moon.
• A. circuit B. rail C. loop D. orbit
• ( A ) 3. Forgive him. It’s not in his
to be rude; he is
polite by nature.
• A. nature B. personality C. character D. natural
• ( B ) 4. The police arrested the wrong man mainly because
they
the names.
• A. bewildered B. confused C. perplexed D. puzzled
• ( A ) 5. The detective story, as created by Poe, is
something as specialized and as as a chess problem.
• A. intellectual B. intelligent C. intellect D. intelligence
• ( c ) 6. I am in at your making progress ideologically.
• A. jealousy B. every C. envy D. jealous
• ( c ) 7. She had clearly no
of doing any work, although
she was very well paid.
• A. tendency B. ambition C. intention D. willingness
• ( c ) 8. Great writers are those who not only have great
thoughts but also express these thoughts in word which
appeal powerfully t our minds and
.
• A. sensations B. passions C. emotions D. moods
• ( A ) 9. The football player wore a
on his knee.
• A. pad B. mat C. rug D. cushion
• ( D ) 10. These areas rely on agriculture almost
, having
few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial
development.
• A. respectively B. extraordinarily C. incredibly D.
exclusively
Translation
• 1. 那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下子失去平衡，
跌倒了。
•
The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown
off balance and fell over/ down.
• 2. 他致力于研究工作的精神给我留下了深刻的
印象，但我对他那些深奥的理论丝毫不感兴趣。
•
I was impressed by his devotion to his
research but I have the slightest interest in his
profound theories.
• 3. 千万别说可能会被别人误解的话。
•
Be sure not to say anything capable of
being misunderstood.
• 4. 我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不
知如何去做才是。
•
I was so bewildered by their conflicting
advice that I did not know how to act.
• 5. 起初这个复杂问题让他们感到灰心丧气，但
究竟过仔细思考他们终于研究出了解决方法。
•
At first this complicated problem frustrated
them, but after thinking it over carefully they
finally worked out a solution.
• 6. 体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜
花的时候愉快的笑了。
•
The head of the sports delegation beamed
with delight when a young pioneer presented
him with a bunch of flowers.
• 7. 这学期我们都学习的不错，我真不明白我们
英语老师为什么单单表扬了我们班长一个人。
•
I really don’t see why our English teacher
should single out our monitor for praise since we
have all done quite well this term.
• 8. 我相信比较高级的动物是由比较低级的动物
进化而来的这一学说。
•
I believe in the theory that the higher animals
developed from the lower ones.
English-Chinese Translation
• 1.During his useful life he often felt he was useless:
“Alfred Nobel，”he once wrote of himself
“ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as，
with a cry，he entered life．”
在他颇有建树的一生中，他常常觉得自己渺小无用。“艾尔弗雷德•
诺贝尔，” 他曾这样写到他自己，“本该在呱呱坠地之时就让一位好
心的医生给弄死。”
• 2.He had never been to school or university but had studied privately,
and by the time he was twenty
he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist， speaking Swedish，
Russian German， French and English．
他从未上过学，全靠自学成才，20岁时，便成了一名技术娴熟的化学
师，通晓数国语言，能熟练地说瑞典语、俄语、德语、法语和英语。
• 3.Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability t
o combine the qualities of
an original scientist with those of a forwardlooking industrialist．
他的过人之处实际上就在于他有杰出的才能，把一个
具有独创性的科学家和一个具有远见卓识的实业家的
品质融为一体。
• 4.Seldom happy he was always searching for a
meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a
serious interest in literature and philosophy.
他郁郁寡欢，总在探索人生的意义，从青年时代起便
对文学和哲学产生了浓厚的兴趣。
• 5.His famous will，
in which he left money to provide prizes
for outstanding work in Physics，Chemistry，Physiology，
Medicine， Literature and Peace，
is a memorial to his interests and ideals．
他在遗嘱中将钱留下来，为在物理、化学、生理学、医学
和文学以及和平事业方面所作的杰出成就提供奖金，他的
这一著名遗嘱是他多种兴趣与理想的纪念碑。
• Writing skills
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According to our text, the author shows us Einstein’s personalities one by one, and
gives us many examples. This makes the text more persuasive and convincing.
In the text, the author uses rhetoric devices such as repetition and alliteration.
Eg.
1. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this.
2.…strangers stared at him on the street, scientists, statesmen, students, and
housewives wrote him letters.
Let’s write a short composition about Einstein’s personality.
The procedures of writing
key words: Einstein; personality
main idea: Albert Einstein was a great man and his name was a household word.
development
his great personality
his simple way of life
A pure theorist without the slightest interest in the practical application of his idea and
theories.
• Albert Einstein was much respected for his kind and friendly
demeanor rooted in his pacifism. He was modest about his
abilities, and had distinctive attitudes and fashions—for
example, he minimized his wardrobe so that he would not need
to waste time in deciding on what to wear. He occasionally had
a playful sense of humor, and enjoyed sailing and playing the
violin. He was also the stereotypical "absent-minded
professor"; he was often forgetful of everyday items, such as
keys, and would focus so intently on solving physics problems
that he would often become oblivious to his surroundings. In
his later years, his appearance inadvertently created (or
reflected) another stereotype of scientist in the process: the
researcher .
Group discussion
Topics: Aspects of
Einstein’s
personality
• An Analysis of Einstein’s Personality
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(1). Einstein had no personal ambition.
1. He was ready to come to terms with himself and the world around him.
2. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach.
3. He was content to go as far as he could.
4. He never showed jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition.
(2) Einstein believed in simplicity.
1. He was beyond pretension.
2. He bought his stationary in Woolworth’s, a five—and—ten—cent variety store.
3. He never carried his money with him because he had no use for it.
4. He used only water and safety razor to shave.
5. He needed only a pencil and a pad of paper to do his work.
(3). Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist.
1. He did not have the slight interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories.
2. He would not walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy.
3. He did not have any curiosity in observing how his Photoelectric Theory could make TV
possible.
4. He tried in vain to deduce the operating principle of a toy bird but refused to take it apart to see
how it actually worked.
(4). Einstein was easy to approach and was beyond any pretension.
1. He wrote a long poem of thanks to a small boy who had sent him a Yo—Yo.
2. He corresponded with many of the world’s most important people with ordinary stationery.
3. He thought that his ideas had been accepted because he was a lucky man.
Assignments
• Group Discussion
• Writing a short composition about Einstein’s personality.
• Preview new words and the text in Unit 5.