Caesar’s English II
Lesson IX (9)
STEM
MEANING
WORD
mar-
sea
submarine
junct-
join
conjunction
luc-
light
translucent
tempor-
time
temporary
medi-
middle
medium
Mar(sea) marine, maritime, mariner
• MAR means sea.
• The marine environment is the sea;
maritime regulations bring law to the
conduct of ships at sea, and a mariner is a
sailor!
• Spanish…marinero
Junct (join) conjunction, junction,
adjunct
• JUNCT means join.
• A conjunction is a word that joins two
words or two groups of words; a junction is
where two roads join, and an adjunct is
something or someone that is joined as a
part of something else!
• Spanish…adjuncto
LUC (light) lucidity, translucent,
pellucid
• LUC means light.
• Lucidity is brightness; something is
translucent (trans--across, lucid--light) if
light goes partly through it (but if it were
perfectly clear, it would be transparent); and
pellucid waters are crystal clear!
• Spanish…translucido
MEDI (MIDDLE) MEDIUM, MEDITERRANEAN,
IN MEDIAS RES
• MEDI means middle.
• The medium is the middle; the
Mediterranean Sea is surrounded by
continents, and to begin a story in medias res
(a Latin phrase) is to begin in the middle of
the story. The most famous story that begins
in medias res is Homer’s The Odyssey.
• Spanish…mediterraneo
TEMPOR (TIME) TEMPORAL, TEMPORIZE,
CONTEMPORARY
• TEMPOR means time.
• Living things are temporal being because
their lives are bounded by time; to temporize
is to delay or stall; and your contemporaries
are those who live at the same time you do!
• Spanish…contemporizar
Caesar’s English II
Lesson IX (9)
STEM
MEANING
WORD
mar-
sea
submarine
junct-
join
conjunction
luc-
light
translucent
tempor-
time
temporary
medi-
middle
medium
Maritime : Sea ::
a.
b.
c.
d.
blue : color
aviation : air
medium : length
mariner : captain
Maritime : Sea ::
a.
b.
c.
d.
blue : color
aviation : air
medium : length
mariner : captain
Ancestor : Contemporary ::
a.
b.
c.
d.
temporize : stall
glass : pellucid
self : descendant
junction : crossroads
Ancestor : Contemporary ::
a.
b.
c.
d.
temporize : stall
glass : pellucid
self : descendant
junction : crossroads
Find the best opposite.
TRANSLUCENT
a.
b.
c.
d.
medium
adjunct
temporal
opaque
Find the best opposite.
TRANSLUCENT
a.
b.
c.
d.
medium
adjunct
temporal
opaque
LUCIDITY
a.
b.
c.
d.
confusion
brilliance
eclipse
perspicacity
LUCIDITY
a.
b.
c.
d.
confusion
brilliance
eclipse
perspicacity
The barbarians stared at Caesar’s
fierce defenses and __________,
afraid to attack.
a.
b.
c.
d.
ambuscaded
temporized
marinated
interdicted
The barbarians stared at Caesar’s
fierce defenses and __________,
afraid to attack.
a.
b.
c.
d.
ambuscaded
temporized
marinated
interdicted
In the ___________ water of the
stream, Augustus could see the
fish perfectly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
temporal
pellucid
opaque
fluid
In the ___________ water of the
stream, Augustus could see the
fish perfectly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
temporal
pellucid
opaque
fluid
Caesar and Cicero were _________
who lived at exactly the same
time.
a.
b.
c.
d.
contemporaries
contradictions
conjunctions
temporizers
Caesar and Cicero were _________
who lived at exactly the same
time.
a.
b.
c.
d.
contemporaries
contradictions
conjunctions
temporizers
Advanced Word: Pellucid
The adjective pellucid (peh-LOO-sid), comes
from the Latin pellucidus, and is based on the
stems per (through) and luc (light). Pellucid
means crystal clear, so clear that light goes right
through. When something is pellucid, there is no
distortion or fog, the substance is absolutely
transparent. In Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet
Beecher Stowe wrote that “The water in the
fountain, pellucid as crystal, was alive with
myriads of gold and silver fishes.”
The Grammar of Vocabulary: lucidity, a noun.
In battle Caesar’s mind was very lucid.
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Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge
From Martin Luther King’s Why We Can’t Wait
We can…try to _________, to negotiate small,
inadequate changes.
a.
b.
c.
d.
marinate
ambuscade
temporize
mediate
Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge
From Martin Luther King’s Why We Can’t Wait
We can…try to _________, to negotiate small,
inadequate changes.
a.
b.
c.
d.
marinate
ambuscade
temporize
mediate
From Joseph Heller’s Catch-22
[They walked] under the __________ emptiness
of the sky.
a.
b.
c.
d.
pellucid
Mediterranean
temporal
adjunct
From Joseph Heller’s Catch-22
[They walked] under the __________ emptiness
of the sky.
a.
b.
c.
d.
pellucid
Mediterranean
temporal
adjunct
From Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man
[He heard] the apathetic moaning of the dumb,
___________ waves.
a.
b.
c.
d.
pellucid
temporal
translucent
adjunct
From Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man
[He heard] the apathetic moaning of the dumb,
___________ waves.
a.
b.
c.
d.
pellucid
temporal
translucent
adjunct