Grammar and Punctuation
Classic Fiction Unit
© Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users
Y5/6 Aut F Plan 1A
Week 1 Tuesday Grammar 1
Direct Speech
Week 1 Tuesday Grammar 1
Part 1
© Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users
Y5/6 Aut F Plan 1A
Direct Speech
Speech marks
'hug' the spoken
words
What will he do for us? He is not
of our tribe, being footless and
with most evil eyes.
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe,
being footless and with most evil eyes," said
Bagheera.
Direct Speech
Speech marks
'hug' the spoken
words
What will he do for us? He is not
of our tribe, being footless and
with most evil eyes.
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe,
being footless and with most evil eyes," said
Bagheera.
Direct Speech
Speech marks
'hug' the spoken
words
What will he do for us? He is not
of our tribe, being footless-and
with most evil eyes.
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe,
being footless and with most evil eyes," said
Bagheera.
Direct Speech
Speech marks
'hug' the spoken
words
What will he do for us? He is not
of our tribe, being footless-and
with most evil eyes.
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe,
being footless and with most evil eyes," said
Bagheera.
Each new speaker
starts on a new
line
Each new speaker
starts on a new
line
Direct Speech
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and
with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very
cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully.
"Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he
has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake,
what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did
not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that
case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see
reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the
Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.
It’s hard to
see who is
speaking
when the
dialogue is
squashed
together.
Each new speaker
starts on a new
line
Direct Speech
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and
with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very
cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully.
"Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he
has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake,
what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did
not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that
case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see
reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the
Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.
Each new speaker
starts on a new
line
Direct Speech
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and
with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very
cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully.
"Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he
has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake,
what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did
not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that
case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see
reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the
Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.
Each new speaker
starts on a new
line
Direct Speech
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and
with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very
cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully.
"Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he
has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake,
what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did
not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that
case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see
reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the
Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.
Each new speaker
starts on a new
line
Direct Speech
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and
with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very
cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully.
"Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he
has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake,
what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did
not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that
case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see
reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the
Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.
Each new speaker
starts on a new
line
Direct Speech
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and
with most evil eyes," said Bagheera.
"He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry,"
said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a
full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and
even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?"
Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally
suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter,
might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown
shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa
the Rock Python.
Each new speaker
starts on a new
line
Direct Speech
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and
with most evil eyes," said Bagheera.
"He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry,"
said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“
"He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be
asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill
his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa,
was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together,
old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his
faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to
look for Kaa the Rock Python.
Each new speaker
starts on a new
line
Direct Speech
"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and
with most evil eyes," said Bagheera.
"He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry,"
said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“
"He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be
asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill
his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa,
was naturally suspicious.
"Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make
him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder
against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock
Python.
Much
clearer.
A comma usually
separates the
direct speech
from the
reporting clause
Direct Speech
"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.
A comma usually
separates the
direct speech
from the
reporting clause
Direct Speech
"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.
A comma usually
separates the
direct speech
from the
reporting clause
Direct Speech
"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.
A comma usually
separates the
direct speech
from the
reporting clause
Direct Speech
"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.
"We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly.
A comma usually
separates the
direct speech
from the
reporting clause
Direct Speech
"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.
"We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly.
A comma usually
separates the
direct speech
from the
reporting clause
Direct Speech
"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.
"We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly.
"Give me permission to come with you," said Kaa.
A comma usually
separates the
direct speech
from the
reporting clause
Direct Speech
"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.
"We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly.
"Give me permission to come with you," said Kaa.
A comma usually
separates the
direct speech
from the
reporting clause
Direct Speech
Unless the speech
ends in
! or ?
"Good hunting!" cried Baloo, sitting up on his haunches.
"Oho, Baloo, what dost thou do here? “ said Kaa.
Direct speech
begins with a
capital letter,
unless the
sentence is
interrupted by a
reporting clause.
Direct Speech
“I am,” said Kaa with a little pride, “a fair length - a fair length.”
“I came very near to falling on my last hunt,” said Kaa, “ and
the noise of my slipping waked the Bandar-log, and they called
me most evil names."
Direct speech
begins with a
capital letter,
unless the
sentence is
interrupted by a
reporting clause.
Direct Speech
“I am,” said Kaa with a little pride, “a fair length - a fair length.”
“I came very near to falling on my last hunt,” said Kaa, “ and
the noise of my slipping waked the Bandar-log, and they called
me most evil names."
Direct speech
begins with a
capital letter,
unless the
sentence is
interrupted by a
reporting clause.
Direct Speech
“I am,” said Kaa with a little pride, “a fair length - a fair length.”
“I came very near to falling on my last hunt,” said Kaa, “ and
the noise of my slipping waked the Bandar-log, and they called
me most evil names."
Direct Speech
Summary of Rules
Speech marks
'hug' the spoken
words
Each new speaker
starts on a new
line
A comma usually
separates the
direct speech
from the
reporting clause
Unless the speech
ends in
! or ?
Direct speech
begins with a
capital letter,
unless the
sentence is
interrupted by a
reporting clause.
Your Turn!
Week 1 Thursday Grammar 2
Written & Spoken language
Week 1 Thursday Grammar 2
Part 2
© Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users
Y5/6 Aut F Plan 1A
Written & Spoken Language
"Don't be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That's his
way of making friends."
"Ouch! He's tickling under my chin," said Teddy.
Written & Spoken Language
"Don't be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That's his
way of making friends."
"Ouch! He's tickling under my chin," said Teddy.
What do you notice about these
words?
Written & Spoken Language
"Don't be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That's his
way of making friends."
"Ouch! He's tickling under my chin," said Teddy.
Why use contractions in dialogue?
Written & Spoken Language
"Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is
his way of making friends."
"Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy.
Try reading this aloud. What do
you notice now?
Written & Spoken Language
"Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is
his way of making friends."
"Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy.
An exclamation
Written & Spoken Language
"Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is
his way of making friends."
"Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy.
An exclamation
We often use these in our speech
to express strong emotion:
surprise, pain, anger, delight.
Written & Spoken Language
"Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is
his way of making friends."
"Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy.
This might replace the more
standard English sentence.
Written & Spoken Language
"Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his
way of making friends."
“I am rather surprised and experiencing some pain at this
moment. He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy.
This might replace the more
standard English sentence.
Written & Spoken Language
"My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ̶ " said Chuchundra, and then
he stopped.
"Told you what?"
"H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to
Chua in the garden."
"I didn't ̶ so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite
you!"
Real speech is usually more
informal than written language.
Written & Spoken Language
"My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ̶ " said Chuchundra, and then
he stopped.
"Told you what?"
"H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to
Chua in the garden."
"I didn't ̶ so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite
you!"
Sentences are sometimes left...
Written & Spoken Language
"My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ̶ " said Chuchundra, and then
he stopped.
"Told you what?"
"H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to
Chua in the garden."
"I didn't ̶ so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite
you!"
Sentences are sometimes left
unfinished.
Written & Spoken Language
"My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ̶ " said Chuchundra, and then
he stopped.
"Told you what?"
"H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to
Chua in the garden."
"I didn't ̶ so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite
you!"
Sentences are often quite short.
Written & Spoken Language
"My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ̶ " said Chuchundra, and then
he stopped.
"Told you what?"
"H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to
Chua in the garden."
"I didn't ̶ so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite
you!"
Less formal punctuation might be
used, such as dashes.
Written & Spoken Language
•
•
•
•
•
Contractions for smooth sounding rhythm
Exclamations
Often shorter sentences
Informal language and sentence structure
Informal punctuation
All these are designed to make
dialogue in story writing sound
real (authentic).
Written & Spoken Language
Mike
I am suddenly feeling regret as I
have forgotten to bring my
homework.
Rewrite this stilted dialogue,
correctly punctuated. Try opening
with an exclamation.
Written & Spoken Language
Mike
I am feeling rather cross at this
moment. Why will you not
accompany me into the
veterinary practice? We cannot
be late again as we will miss our
appointment.
Rewrite this dialogue. Show the
strain of pulling by having Mike
not finish his sentence.
Dog
Written & Spoken Language
Amy
Would you be kind enough to
assist me? I feel that I am
about to fall.
Rewrite this dialogue. Show the
urgency of the situation by using
very short sentences.
Mike
Your Turn!
Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3
Simple, Compound & Complex
Sentences
Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3
Part 3
Conjunctions
© Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users
Y5/6 Aut F Plan 1A
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Make sense on
their own.
Have a subject and a
verb
(A single
independent clause)
Simple Sentences
The whale ate all of the fish.
The ‘Stute fish hid.
The mariner sat on the raft.
What is the subject and verb in each of these simple sentences?
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Joined using
co-ordinating
conjunctions
2 or more
independent
clauses
Compound Sentences
coordinating conjunctions:
and but or
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Joined using
co-ordinating
conjunctions
2 or more
independent
clauses
Compound Sentences
coordinating conjunctions:
and but or
Joins similar
things
Shows a
choice
Links a
contrast or
surprise
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
The whale opened his mouth
The mariner was inside the whale
This story might be true
Which coordinating
conjunctions will join the
clauses best?
he swallowed the mariner
he didn’t panic
it might be fiction
coordinating conjunctions:
and but or
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
The whale opened his mouth
and
he swallowed the mariner
The mariner was inside the Whale
but
he didn’t panic
This story might be true
or
it might be fiction
coordinating conjunctions:
and but or
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Compound Sentences
Which coordinating
conjunctions can you
remember?
Can you use one to join 2
simple sentences together?
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Contain a main
clause and a
subordinate clause
Give extra
information
Complex Sentences
Show how
ideas relate to
each other
main clause subordinate clause
The mariner sat on the raft trailing his toes in the water.
The mariner sat on the raft feeling despondent.
Feeling despondent, the mariner sat on the raft.
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Makes sense on its
own
Complex Sentences
Does not make sense on its
own
main clause subordinate clause
Often begins with a
subordinating conjunction
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Complex Sentences
Makes sense on its
own
Does not make sense on its
own
main clause subordinate clause
Often begins with a
subordinating conjunction
The animals were angry.
A djinn appeared.
The camel could work for three days.
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Complex Sentences
Makes sense on its
own
Does not make sense on its
own
main clause subordinate clause
Often begins with a
subordinating conjunction
The animals were angry because the camel was not working.
A djinn appeared.
The camel could work for three days.
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Makes sense on its
own
Complex Sentences
Does not make sense on its
own
main clause subordinate clause
Often begins with a
subordinating conjunction
The animals were angry because the camel was not working.
A djinn appeared while they were complaining.
The camel could work for three days.
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Can often move around
Makes sense on its
own
Complex Sentences
Does not make sense on its
own
main clause subordinate clause
Often begins with a
subordinating conjunction
The animals were angry because the camel was not working.
A djinn appeared while they were complaining.
The camel could work for three days since he had his hump.
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Complex Sentences
subordinate clause, main clause
The animals were angry because the camel was not working.
While they were complaining, a djinn appeared.
The camel could work for three days since he had his hump.
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Complex Sentences
subordinate clause, main clause
The animals were angry because the camel was not working.
While they were complaining, a djinn appeared.
Since he had his hump, the camel could work for three days.
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Do you use a
range of
conjunctions?
Complex Sentences
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
after
if
though
although
if only
till
as
in order that
unless
as if
now that
until
as long as
once
when
as though
rather than
whenever
because
since
where
before
so that
whereas
even if
than
wherever
even though
that
while
Your Turn!
Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3
Simple, Compound & Complex
Sentences
Week 2 Wednesday Grammar 4
Part 4
Relative Clauses
© Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users
Y5/6 Aut F Plan 1A
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
A type of subordinate clause =
Relative clauses
Tell you more about a noun
The rhinoceros
rude and
selfish
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
A type of subordinate clause
Relative clauses
Tell you more about a noun
Begin with a pronoun
The rhinoceros
who, which, that, whose, where
rude and
selfish
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
A type of subordinate clause
Relative clauses
Tell you more about a noun
Begin with a pronoun
who, which, that, whose, where
Embedded using commas to separate clauses
The rhinoceros, who was rude and selfish, stamped.
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Relative clauses
Give more
information
about a noun
The mariner sat on the raft.
The mariner, who was a man of infinite-resource-and-sagacity, sat on the raft.
The mariner, who was more lost than he had ever been, sat on the raft.
The mariner, who was wishing his mummy was there, sat on the raft.
Tell me more
about the
mariner
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Relative clauses
The mariner sat on the raft.
The mariner, who was a man of infinite-resource-and-sagacity, sat on the raft.
The mariner, who was more lost than he had ever been, sat on the raft.
The mariner, who was wishing his mummy was there, sat on the raft.
Relative pronoun introduces clause
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Relative clauses
Give more
information
about a noun
The mariner sat on the raft.
The mariner sat on the raft, which was old and rickety.
The mariner sat on the raft, that was surrounded by sharks.
The mariner sat on the raft, which he had crafted from jelly babies and jam.
Tell me more
about the raft
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Relative clauses
The camel refused to help.
Try embedding a relative clause into this sentence starting
with which, that or who?
Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Relative clauses
Can give clues
to character,
motivation or
plot
The camel refused to help.
The camel, who was lazy and selfish, refused to help.
The camel, who was tired and fed up, refused to help.
The camel, who was terrified of getting it wrong, refused to help.
Your Turn!