Reformation- King Henry VIII
Brings Protestantism to England
Warm-Up: Quiz = 9 points per answer
• 1. Explain how Renaissance Ideas
of Copernicus, Galileo and
Gutenberg helped start/spread the
Reformation.
– A.
– B.
• 2. What complaints did people
have against the Roman Catholic
Church which eventually led to the
Protestant Reformation?
– A.
– B.
• 3. How did Martin Luther
begin/spread the Reformation?
– A.
– B.
4.
How did the Catholic
Church respond to the
Protestant Reformation?
A.
B.
5. I am between
Poland/Lithuania and
France.
6. I am between Scotland
and the English Channel.
7. I am a large body of
water south of France
and the Italian Peninsula.
Activity
Each group needs to give each member a number of 1-4.
Numbers will join other like numbers and will research a
part of Henry VIII. New groups will send one person to
me to check for understanding. That person is
responsible to make sure each group member has the
correct information.
Groups will break up and return back to original groups.
Each group member will teach their group an aspect of
King Henry VIII.
Complete with your group
• 1. Who was King Henry VIII?
• 2. What was his goal? Did he achieve his
goal?
• 3. Evaluate Henry VIII’s impact upon religion
and government.
– Evaluate means to determine the amount of
impact or change. Use a scale of 1 to 5 to
assist. One being the least impactful and 5
being extremely impactful.
King Henry VIII
• King Henry VIII, Tudor
(Family name, like Medici
Family) monarch, ruler of
England in sixteenthcentury Renaissance
England, had six wives.
• The fates of the wives can
be remembered as
"Divorced, beheaded,
died; divorced, beheaded,
survived."
• King Henry VIII was much more interested in arms and armor,
swordplay, jousting, hunting, and women than in kingship.
• He wrote love poems and composed songs such as "Pastime
with Good Company." Throughout his life, he also loved regal
fashion — after all, what was royalty if one could not dress
like a royal.
• There still remains an elaborate suit of armor worn by King
Henry VIII at the Tower of London Museum.
Henry VIII’s Legacy
• Henry's obesity hastened
his death at the age of 55,
which occurred on
January 28, 1547.
• Even though Henry VIII is
known for his marriages,
he was a Renaissance
man.
• Henry VIII encouraged
and participated in: art,
music, education, foreign
language, religion,
dancing, hunting,
jousting, etc.
Queen Catharine
of Aragon
• At age 18, Henry became King
Henry VIII and married Catharine
of Aragon (Spain), in 1509.
• She had been married to Henry's
older brother Arthur, who died
after 6 months of marriage. Henry
VIII chose to marry Catharine to
keep an alliance between Spain
and England.
• Catherine and Henry seemed to
have a happy marriage in the
beginning. Although pregnant
and giving birth many times, only
one daughter survived, Princess
Mary.
• However, she “failed” to give
Henry VIII a son.
Anne Boleyn
• Henry VIII decided to
marry Anne Boleyn , who
was a lady-in-waiting to
Catharine of Aragon.
• Henry hoped that Anne
would give him his male
heir (future king)….but…..
• Divorce, at this time, rarely
occurred.
– It was very expensive.
– Only a few reasons allowed
for divorce.
– The Pope had to grant it.
• Pope Clement VII would not grant it Henry his divorce – he was BFF
with Catherine’s cousin the Holy Roman Emperor!
• Henry VIII forced Parliament (Congress) to outlaw the Catholic Church
and make him the leader of the Church in England.
• He then forced the Archbishop of Canterbury to “grant” him his
divorce! In 1531, Catharine of Aragon and Princess Mary were sent
away. Catherine would die in 1533.
• King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church of Rome – the
Pope freaked out!!
• In one swoop England became a protestant country.
• England became Anglican, or Church of England, which they still have
today.
• The King now controls religion in England!
Catholic vs. Anglican
• There are only a few differences between the Catholic
Church and the Anglican Church.
• Henry VIII had few issues with the practices of the
Catholic Church. His issue was with the power of the
Pope.
• The Archbishop of Canterbury, religious head of the
Church of England, has no formal political authority,
but is recognized as the symbolic leader of the Anglican
Church.
• However, King Henry VIII facing much opposition much
Catholic priests and monks, destroyed many churches
and monasteries. As well as killing those who opposed
his authority.
Princess Elizabeth
• Henry VIII married his second wife, Queen
Anne Boleyn, in winter of 1532. She gave
birth to a daughter in September 1533, who
would later become Queen Elizabeth I,
arguably the strongest and most successful
monarch, King or Queen, in the history of
Britain.
• The King still desired a male child, and it
seemed Anne could not get the job done.
• Anne Boleyn was accused of cheating on
Henry VIII and plotting to kill him. She was
tried and convicted of treason and sent to
the chopping block, where her head was
chopped off in 1536.
• Princess Elizabeth was sent away.
• The King had already chosen her
replacement, Jane Seymour.
Queen Jane Seymour
• Henry VIII married his third
wife, Queen Jane Seymour,
10 days after the death of
Anne Boleyn.
• Jane succeeded in giving
birth to an heir to the crown
— Prince Edward, who later
succeeded his father to the
English throne as King
Edward VI.
• Unfortunately, the Queen
died a few days after
childbirth from an infection.
Anne of Cleves
• The King's advisors suggested Henry
VIII marry Anne of Cleves (Holy Roman
Empire), because they wanted an
alliance with her brother.
• A painting of Anne was made for the
king and he agreed to marry her.
• Anne became Henry VIII's fourth wife
in January 1540. However, Henry VIII
had his eye on another woman. He
annulled (means marriage never
happened) his marriage in July 1540.
• Anne stayed in England, however, and
remained in good relations with the
King and all three of his children, as
well as with his future queens.
Catherine
Howard
• King Henry VIII married his fifth wife
Catherine Howard, in 1540, only 19
days after his annulment from Anne
of Cleves..
• An attractive young lady, she had
been pushed into the marriage by
her own ambition, as well as the
pressure of her powerful family.
• King Henry VIII, however, was no
longer a young man; he was obese
(really fat). An old wound in his leg
had never healed but remained an
oozing sore — hardly the romantic
ideal for a young woman.
• Catherine was accused of cheating
on Henry VIII. In 1542 she was
beheaded.
Queen Katherine
Parr
• King Henry VIII's sixth and last
wife was Queen Katherine
Parr, in July 1543.
• A widow, writer, and welleducated, Katherine was able
to survive the bad temper of
the King, and the general
hardships of being queen.
• She was a kind person who
brought Henry VIII’s children
together.
• On January 28, 1547, King
Henry VIII died, leaving
Katherine a widow.
King Henry VIII
• Henry's obesity hastened his
death at the age of 55,
which occurred on January
28, 1547.
• Even though Henry VIII is
known for his marriages, he
was a Renaissance man.
• Henry VIII encouraged and
participated in: art, music,
education, foreign language,
religion, dancing, hunting,
jousting, etc.
Edward VI
• When King Henry VIII died, he
was succeeded by his son, King
Edward VI, age 9, in 1547.
• He could not exercise actual
power and had 16 advisors to
rule until Edward reached the
age of 18.
• Edward chose to keep the same
policies of his father, along
with the Protestant faith.
• King Edward did not live very
long, dying at the age of 16, in
1553. He was succeeded his
half-sister, Queen Mary I.
Queen Mary I
• Princess became Queen Mary in 1553.
She, a Catholic like her mother,
married Philip II of Spain, also a
Catholic. England was angry!
• There were many plots and
conspiracies on her life, and she grew
very suspicious of her subjects — even
of her half-sister, Elizabeth.
• Mary began to bring back the Catholic
Church into England – which was not
popular…she also had about 300
Protestants arrested for heresy and
burned at the stake.
• It was because of these burnings that
the Queen gained the epitaph "Bloody
Mary".
• Mary I died without children in 1558.
Queen Elizabeth I
• Princess Elizabeth became
Queen Elizabeth I, in 1558.
under whose reign the English
Renaissance came to full bloom,
and the arts and literature,
especially poetry and theater,
flourished.
• Elizabeth, a Protestant, kept her
father’s laws on place and did
not allow the Catholic Church to
be in control of England.
• She ruled until her death in
1603. Having never married
and had children, her Catholic
cousin King James VI of Scotland
became King James I, king of
England.
Church Differences In England
• When Henry became
king in 1509, the church
in England was as
follows:
• By the death of Henry in
1547, the church in
England was as follows :
• Head of the Church: the
pope based in Rome
• Church services: all were
held in Latin
• Prayers: all said in Latin
• Bible: written in Latin
• Priests: not allowed to
marry
• Head of the Church : the
king
• Church services : held in
Latin
• Prayers: most said in
Latin.
• The "Lord’s Prayer" was
said in English
• Bible: written in English
• Priests: allowed to marry
The End Result
• For the next 200 years England faced the
struggles regarding the English Monarch
needing to be Protestant.
• Some monarchs were “passed over” because
they were Catholic.
• And yes…random killings and wars still took
place.
Review
• 1. Who was King Henry VIII?
• 2. What was his goal? Did he achieve his
goal?
• 3. Evaluate Henry VIII’s impact upon religion
and government.
– Evaluate means to determine the amount of
impact or change. Use a scale of 1 to 5 to
assist. One being the least impactful and 5
being extremely impactful.
Independent
• Compare and contrast Martin Luther’s split of the
Roman Catholic Church with King Henry VIII’s split
of the Roman Catholic Church? Provide similarities
and differences.
– Use a Venn-Diagram to organize your thoughts. Once
you have completed the graphic organizer, write an
explanation of your answer.
– Use a minimum of two paragraphs, 5-6 sentences per
paragraph.
Closure
• Was King Henry VIII justified (correct) in
making the decision to become the Head of
the Anglican Church, or Church of England? If
Yes, why? If No, why? Use a minimum of
three detailed examples to support your
answers.