Integrated Chinese
那
张
nà/nèi
zhāng
照片
的
zhàopiàn
de
这
爸爸
妈妈
个
这个
男
孩子
男孩子
女
女孩子
zhè/zhèi
bàba
māma
gè, -ge
zhège
nán
háizi
nánháizi
nǚ
nǚháizi
Lesson Two
Family
第二课
家庭
pronoun
that
measure word a measure word for flat objects; a
surname
noun
picture; photo
particle
a possessive, modifying, or descriptive
particle
pronoun
this
noun
father; dad
noun
mother; mom
measure word a common measure word
pronoun
this
adj.
male
noun
child
noun
boy
adj.
female
noun
girl
谁
他
shéi
tā
qpr
pronoun
她
儿子
女儿
弟弟
妹妹
大哥
有
没(有)
tā
érzi
nǚér
dìdi
mèimei
dàgē
yŏu
méi (yŏu)
pronoun
noun
noun
noun
noun
noun
verb
adv.
who
he; him or when the sex of the person
is unknown.
she
son
daughter
younger brother
younger sister
oldest brother
to have; to exist
not (have)
高
小高
gāo
Xiăo Gāo
adj.
proper noun
tall; a surname
Little Gao
Text
课文
小高，那是你的照片吗？
Little Gao, is that picture yours?
是。这是我爸爸，这是我妈妈。
Yes. This is my dad. This is my mom.
这个男孩子是谁？
Who is this boy?
他是我弟弟。
This is my younger brother.
这个女孩子是你妹妹吗？
Is this girl your younger sister?
不是，她是我大哥的女儿。
No, she’s oldest brother’s daughter.
你大哥有儿子吗？
Does oldest brother have any sons?
他没有儿子。
He has no sons.
家
几
jiā
jǐ
口
kŏu
哥哥
两
和
大姐
二姐
做
gēge
liăng
hé
dàjiě
èrjiě
zuò
noun
question
word
Measure
word
noun
nu
conj.
noun
noun
verb
family; home
how many
measure word for
number of family
members
older brother
two; a couple of
and
oldest sister
second oldest sister
to do
工作
gōngzuò
noun/verb
job; to work
英文
yīngwén
noun
律师
都
大学
lǜshī
duō
dàxué
noun
adv.
noun
the English
language
lawyer
both; all
university; college
大学生
dàxuéshēng
noun
college student
医生
yīshēng
noun
doctor; physician
小张
Xiăo Zhāng
proper noun Little Zhang
小张，你家有几口人？
Little Zhang, how many people are there in
your family?
我家有六口人。我爸爸、我妈妈、一个
哥哥、两个妹妹和我。李小姐，你家有
几口人？
There are six people in my family: my
dada, my mom, an older brother, two
younger sisters and I. How many people
are there in your family, Miss Li?
我家有五口人。爸爸、妈妈、大姐、二
姐和我。你爸爸妈妈 做什么工作？
There are five people in my family: my dad,
my mom, my two younger sisters and I.
What do your dada and mom do?
我妈妈是英文老师，爸爸是律师，哥哥、 My mom is an English teacher. My dad is
妹妹都是大学生。
lawyer. My older brother and sisters are all
college students.
我妈妈也是老师，我爸爸是医生。
My mom is also a teacher. My dad is a
doctor.
Grammar
语法/文法
1. Measure words
In Chinese a measure word is inserted between the number and the noun. There
are several hundred measure words in Chinese, but you may hear only two or
three dozen in everyday speech. Many nouns associated with special measure
words, which often bear a relationship to the meaning of the given noun. However,
the general measure 个can sometimes be substituted for the special measure.
个 is the single most commonly used measure word in Chinese. It is also
sometimes used as a substitute for other measure words.
e.g. 一个人；一个老师；一个大学生
张is the measure word for objects with flat surfaces
e.g. 一张照片 ( a photo)；一张纸 (a piece of paper)；一张床 （a bed）；
一张桌子 (a table)；一张椅子 ( a chair)
2. Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns include 谁，什么，哪，哪儿，几, etc. In a question with
an interrogative pronoun, the word order is exactly as same as that in a noninterrogative statement. Therefore, when learning to compose a question in
Chinese, we can start with a statement and then replace the part of the statement
that is in question with the appropriate interrogative pronoun.
e.g.
她是李友。
one can replace 她with 谁
One can also replace 李友with她.
Examples with 什么
e.g.
她是谁?
我妈妈是医生。
你妈妈 做什么工作？
Examples with 有
e.g.
谁是李友？
王朋有妹妹。
谁有妹妹？
我有三个姐姐。
你有几个姐姐？
3. (A) 有 in the sense of “to have “ or “to possess”
有 is always negated with 没.
Examples:
王先生有一个弟弟。
王先生没有弟弟。
我有两张照片。
我没有照片。
(B) 有 in the sense of “to exist”
Examples:
我家有五个人。
小张家有两个大学生。
4. The usage of 二and 两
二and 两 both mean “two”, but they differ in usage.
两 is used in front of common measure words to express a quantity, e. g. 两个人.
In counting, one uses “二”, e. g. 二， 二十二，一百二十五。
5. 都 (both , all)
The word都 indicates inclusiveness. As it always occurs in front of a verb, it is
classified as an adverb. However, because it refers to something that has been
mentioned earlier in the sentence, or in a preceding sentence, it also has a
pronoun-like flavor and it must be used at the end of an enumeration.
Examples:
王朋、高生和李友都是律师。
王朋和李友都不是老师。
王朋和李友都有弟弟。
高生和张中都没有妹妹。
***没 is always used to negate 有. However, to say “not all of … have,” we say in
Chinese “不都有” rather than “没都有”. Whether the negation word precedes or
follows the word 都 makes the difference between partial negation and complete
negation.
Examples:
他们不都是美国人。(Not all of them are American.)
他们都不是美国人。(None of them are American.)
他们不都有弟弟。 (Not all of them have younger brothers.)
他们都没有弟弟。(None of them have younger brothers.)
Culture Notes
1. A familiar and affectionate way of addressing a younger is to add 小to the
surname, e. g., 小王，小李；小高, etc. Similarly, to address an older peer, 老
can be used with the surname, e.g., 老王，老李，老高, etc. However, such
terms are rarely used to address a relative or a superior.
2. The particle 的, as an indicator of a possessive relationship, always follows the
“possessor” and proceeds the “possessed.” To that extent, it is equivalent to
the “apostrophe + s” structure in English.
3. In China and Taiwan the school system is similar to that in the United States. A
typical education consists of six years of elementary school (小学), six years of
middle school (中学), and four years of university (大学) or college (学院).
Middle school is further divided into junior high (初中, grades 7 -9) and senior
high (高中, grades 10-12). A college student is called 大学生in Chinese, can you
guess the words for elementary school students, junior high school students, a
senior high students, and middle school students.
4. In Chinese， 家can refer to one’s family as well as one’s home. So, one can point
to her family picture and say “我家有四个人”(There are four people in my family)
and one can also point to her house and say “这是我的家”(This is my home.)
5. For the number of people in a family, another measure word口 is also used. The
original tone for measure word 个 is the 4th tone. However, in actual speech it is
always pronounced as neutral tone word.
6. The possessive particle 的is usually omitted after a personal pronoun and before
a kinship term. Therefore, we say”王朋的妈妈” (Wang Peng’s mother) with 的 but “
我妈妈” without 的.
7. Although considered a conjunction and translated as “and”, 和 cannot link two
clauses or two sentences as “and’ can in English. We say: “我爸爸是老师, 我妈妈
是医生”. We don’t say: ＂我爸爸是老师, 和我妈妈是医生＂．
8. The pause mark, or “series comma,””、” is often used to link two, three or even
more parallel words or phrases, e. g., 爸爸、妈妈、两个妹妹和我.
9. “？？？是做什么的” is often used to ask for a person’s occupation.
10. In Chinese it is customary to mention the male before the female. Therefore,
we say 爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、姐姐、弟弟、妹妹 instead of 妈妈、爸爸、姐姐、
哥哥、妹妹、弟弟.
11.Siblings are 兄弟姐妹。 你有兄弟姐妹吗？is the way to ask, “Do you have
any siblings?”. Oldest siblings are called 大哥and 大姐；the youngest are 小弟
and 小妹. The rest are ranked according to their birth order using numerals, e.g.
二姐 (second oldest sister)，三弟(third oldest younger brother). Younger siblings
generally do not refer to their older brothers and sisters by their names but use
the appropriate kinship terms instead.
12. The numeral "一" is pronounced with the 1st when it stands alone or comes at
the end of a word or sentence. Otherwise, its pronunciation changes according to
the following rules; (a) "一" before a 4th tone syllable become 2nd tone. "一"
before a syllable in any tone other than the 4th tone becomes 4th tone.
Lesson Two Grammatical notes
A. Rewrite the following sentences using 都
Example: 小高是学生，王朋也是学生。
→ 小高、王朋 都是学生。
1. 小高有姐姐，小张也有姐姐。
2. 王朋是学生，李友也是学生。
3. 这张照片是你的，那张照片也是你的。
4. 这个人姓李，那个人也姓李。
5. 李友没有我的照片，王朋也没有我的照片。
6. 他哥哥不是律师，他弟弟也不是律师。
7. 王朋有哥哥，小高有哥哥，李友有哥哥。
8. 我爸爸是医生，我妈妈是医生，我哥哥是律师。
B. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, using the words or phrases in parentheses.
1. Mr. Zhang has three daughters.
2. A: Is he your older brother?
B: No, he’s my father. ( 不是 )
3. A: How many older sisters do you have? ( 有,几 )
B: I have two older sisters.
4. A: How many people are there in your family? ( 有,几 )
B: There are six people in my family: my dad, my mom, two older brothers, a younger sister and I. ( 有)
5. A: What do your older brothers and older sisters do? ( 什么)
B: My older brothers and older sisters are all students.
6. A: My mom is a lawyer. My dad is a doctor. How about your mom and dad? ( 呢)
B: My mom is a lawyer, too. My dad is a teacher. ( 也)
Reading Comprehension 阅读选择(2)：
A. Rearrange the following boxes to form a dialogue. Write the number before each sentence to show the correct order:
1.
A: 你好！
2.
B: 我不是学生，你呢？
3.
A: 你是学生吗？
4.
B: 他也是学生吗？
5.
A: 不是，他是老师。
6.
B: 你好！
7.
A: 我是学生。
B. Match the utterances on the left column with the appropriate responses on right column. Write down the letter in the
parentheses.
(
(
(
(
(
) 1. 这个人是谁？
) 2. 这张照片是谁的？
) 3. 你妹妹是学生吗？
) 4. 李先生有女儿吗？
) 5. 你有弟弟吗？
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
是我的。
这是我爸爸。
他有儿子，没有女儿。
我没有弟弟。
他是学生！
C. Read the following dialogue and answer the questions.
(Li You is nearsighted)
王朋：李友，这张照片是你的吗？
李友：是。这是我爸爸，这是我妈妈。
王朋：这个女孩是谁？
李友：是我 … (looking at the picture again more carefully)
不是，不是，这不是我。
王朋 ：她是你妹妹吗？
李友： 也不是。 她是高小姐。这是高小姐的照片，不是我的。
Questions (Multiple choice):
( ) 1. Which of the following is correct?
a. Li you was looking at someone else’s photo but mistook it for her own.
b. Li You was looking at her own photo but mistook it for someone else’s.
c. Li You was looking at her sister’s photo but mistook it for her own.
d. Li You was looking at her own photo but mistook it for her sister’s.
(
(
) 2. The girl in the picture turns out to be:
a. Li You’s younger sister.
c. Miss Gao.
) 3. Miss Gao must be someone:
a. Li You know.
b. Wang Peng knows.
c. Li You and Wang Peng both know.
d. neither Li You nor Wang Peng know.
b. Wang Peng’s younger sister.
d. Li You’s older sister.