Root words
Form the main part of a
word, provide the basic
meaning of the word
Joined along with some other letters to
form different words which have related
meanings
Arabic words have three letter roots and
rarely four or five letter roots
Always maintain their order / specific
arrangement.
To know the translation of the word
 To analyze the word
To use the Arabic dictionary one must
know the root of the word
 TO Pass the tests 
Why know the Roots ?
Eat
eating
eats
eaten
eatable
branching
words
Masdar
Root
Topic : 2
Huroof Illat
(Missing/Chilling
Letters) 
Huroof Illat
•
•
•
Alif
Waaw
Yaa
 You can call them sick letters - weak letters
 They get tired easily
 So when they appear in Roots , they may
Be Present
Or Absent
Or send another weak letter in their place
Huroof Illat
‫ قَال‬He said
Changed
‫قول‬
dropped
speech
‫ قل‬Say !
Present
َ‫يقَول‬He says
 can be the first radical
For Example :
‫ي ق ن‬ ‫ون‬
ُ ُ‫يُو ِقن‬
 can be the second radical
 For Example:
‫ق و م‬
 can be the third Radical For Example:
ُ‫يُقِيمُون‬
‫ه د ي‬ ‫ٱ ۡه ُِدنا‬
Huroof Illat :
Can there be more
than one defective
letters in one Root?
Yes there can be 
ۡ
َّ
َ‫لِّلمتقِين‬

‫و ق ي‬
Example : Surah Al Baqarah : 2
• Normal Root words  You just
need to recognize them
• Root words with defective letters 
You have to learn them 
Meat of the
matter is
• Let’s give some examples!
More Examples
The Double Lettered Root
word….
• In Some Root words the Second and Third Radical are
identical
• In Such cases the second radical will have shaddah
• Example : The word ِّ
ّ‫ َرب‬is from root ‫رب ب‬
• Shaddah means “The Letter
is twice”
In other words…
‫ين •‬
‫ضالّ َّ‬
‫يَ ُم ُّد ُهمّ •‬
‫صمّ•‬
‫ُ‬
‫َربهّ •‬
‫‪Other Examples….‬‬
• Not every shaddah means identical root letters.
• For Example :
ّ‫بَشر‬ ‫بّشّر‬
Keep in mind ….