Revolution and Republic
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1824 – Mexican Constitution of 1824
1828 – Mier y Teran Report
April 6, 1830 – Law of April 6th
1832 – Turtle Bayou Resolution
January 1834 – Austin’s arrest
1835 – Battle of Gonzales
March 2, 1836 Declaration of Independence
February 23 – March 6, 1836, Battle of the Alamo
March 6, 1836 – Fall of the Alamo
March 27, 1836 – Mass Execution at Goliad
• April 21, 1836 Battle of San Jacinto
• June 1836 Treaties of Velasco
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1836 – Sam Houston is elected president
1838 – Mirabeau Lamar is elected president
1840 – Council House fight
1842 – Mier expedition
1841 – Sam Houston is elected president
1844 – Anson Jones is elected president
1845 – Texas is annexed into the United States
• In 1826, in Nacogdoches of a group of Texans formed the
Fredonian Republic led by the Edwards Brothers and claimed
the area was no longer under Mexican control.
• Stephen F. Austin sided with the Mexican government and
marched to Nacogdoches to help stop the rebellion.
• It ended very quickly
Fredonian Flag
• In 1828, the Mexican government sent General Manuel Mier y
Teran to investigate the conditions in northern Texas. He found
that Anglo-Americans outnumbered the Mexicans 10 to 1
• The report resulted in the law of April 6
• Due to the Mier y Teran report Mexico outlawed immigration
from the US to Texas, and canceled all empresario grants that
had not been fulfilled.
• Slaves could no longer be brought into Mexico to work
• Placed customs duties on all items entering Texas from the U.S.
• However, Mexico encouraged European immigration
• Anahuac settlers gathered at Turtle Bayou because of the
disturbance at Anahuac
• John Austin was sent to retrieve a cannon to be brought back
from Brazoria and drafted resolutions that stated that they
pledged their continued loyalty to Mexico under the Constitution
of 1824
• Santa Anna seemed to support the Constitution of 1824
• This event resulted in Colonel Jose de Los Piedras ordering the
release of William B. Travis and Patrick jack from jail
• Bradburn was dismissed of his command
• Austin travels to Mexico to meet with Mexican officials and
delivers the resolutions written by written by Texas officials
about their concerns
• When he gets there Santa Anna had become the leader of
Mexico. However, so much time has gone by that he writes a
letter to Texas officials and tells them to establish a state
government
• He gets a meeting with Santa Anna who agrees to make some
of the changes Texas officials have asked for
• On his return to Texas Austin is arrested for treason. This is
because of the letter he wrote about forming a state
government
Santa Anna
Sam Houston
• George Childress – chaired the committee in charge of writing
the Texas Declaration of Independence
• Lorenzo de Zavala – Helped write the Texas Declaration of
Independence and helped design the interim government at
Washington-on-the Brazos. He was elected Vice President of
the new republic
• James Fannin – Led the Texans at Coleto Creek and
surrendered to Urrea. Later he was executed at Goliad by
order of Santa Anna
• Sam Houston – Leader of the Revolutionary Army during the
Texas Revolution
• Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna – Dictator of Mexico and military
leader of the Mexican Army during the Texas Revolution
• Juan Seguin – Served with Travis at the Alamo but survived
because he was sent out as a messenger to warn Sam Houston
about the events at the Alamo. He continued to serve under
Sam Houston at the battle of San Jacinto
• William B. Travis – Military leader of the Texas forces at the
Alamo. Was killed by Mexican forces at the Alamo.
• First battle of the Texas Revolution – October 2, 1835
• Citizens of Gonzales would not give up a cannon that was given
to them by the Mexican government to protect them from
Indians
• A militia led by JH Moore flew a flag over it that said “Come
and Take It”
• Lieutenant Fransisco Castneda led 100 men to Gonzales to take
the cannon
• The militia fired the cannon on October 2 at the Mexican
soldiers, a battle began, and so did the Texas Revolution
• Titled “To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World”
• Travis wrote this letter to recruit men to help him and his men at
the Alamo after Santa Anna showed up in San Antonio
February 23rd
• Sam Houston ordered the Alamo to be destroyed
• James Bowie and James Neill decided that the Alamo was too
important
• James Bowie and William Travis began to recruit supporters
• Santa Anna arrived in San Antonio
• The Texans moved in the Alamo and for 13 days fought the
Mexicans.
• The fall of the Alamo occurred in the morning of March 6, 1836
• The fall of the Alamo occurred in the morning of March 6, 1836
• 1800 Mexican troops fought 189 Texans
• All Texans were killed and approximately 600 Mexican soldiers
were killed
• Commander of the Volunteers
• Fell ill while commanding
• Famous for the “Bowie Knife” a very large knife named after
him
• “King of the Wild Frontier”
• Represented Tennessee in the House of Representatives
• Known for his Marksmanship (ability to accurately fire a gun)
• Commander of the Alamo
• Wrote famous letter “To the People of Texas and All Americans”:
• I am besieged, by a thousand or more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna. I have
sustained a continual Bombardment and cannonade for 24 hours and have not lost a man.
The enemy has demanded a surrender at discretion, otherwise, the garrison are to be put
to the sword, if the fort is taken. I have answered the demand with a cannon shot, and our
flag still waves proudly from the walls. I shall never surrender or retreat. Then, I call on
you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism & everything dear to the American character, to
come to our aid, with all dispatch. The enemy is receiving reinforcements daily and will no
doubt increase to three or four thousand in four or five days. If this call is neglected, I am
determined to sustain myself as long as possible and die like a soldier who never forgets
what is due to his own honor & that of his country. Victory or Death.
William Barret TravisLt. Col. Comdt.
P.S. The Lord is on our side. When the enemy appeared in sight we had not three bushels
of corn. We have since found in deserted houses 80 or 90 bushels and got into the
walls 20 or 30 head of Beeves.
• Santa Anna ordered all of the bodies of the fallen to be
burned.
• Juan Seguin later returned to the area and had a simple coffin
built where the remains were placed
• No one knows for sure where the ashes are today
• Texas delegates met at Washington on the Brazos
• Declared independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836
• Wrote a constitution to form an ad interim government for the
Republic of Texas
• Colonel James Fannin surrendered his 300 men at the Battle of
Coleto because he was pinned on the open prairie
• They fought the Mexicans off but Fannin decided to surrender
to prevent more deaths
• They were marched to Goliad and Urrea told them they were
not going to be killed but Santa Anna order the captives to all
be shot on March 21.
• Execution takes place March 27, 1836
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April 21, 1836
Shortest battle in history – lasted 18 minutes
Sam Houston led the Texas forces -1800 men
Santa Anna led the Mexican forces – 1300 men
Houston burned every way out of San Jacinto and attacked the
Mexican Army about 3:00pm (siesta/nap time)
• Santa Anna was captured the next day and surrendered to
Sam Houston
• First Administration (1836-1838) – Houston focused on forming
a government and dealing with the issues of debt and the army,
conflict with Native Americans and Mexico, and selecting a
capitol
• When Sam Houston became President, he dismissed the army
because of its cost and bad leadership. He replaced them by
reinstating the Texas Rangers. He used them to fight the attacks
by the Indians and the Mexican soldiers that crossed the border.
• Jack Coffee Hays – Famous Texas Ranger, surveyor of the
Republic of Texas and Captain of Texas Ranger company.
• Leader of a group of Cherokees that arrived in Texas in 1820.
He signed a treaty with Sam Houston during the Texas
Revolution.
Statue of Sam
Houston and Chief
Bowles signing a
peace agreement
during the Texas
Revolution
President:
1838-1841
Vice President:
David G. Burnet
He is known as the “Father of
education
_______________.”
( 1798-1859)
How old was I when I died?
Do the math!
61
• Lamar grew up on a plantation in Georgia.
reader
• He was an avid _________, and was accepted into
Princeton University but declined the offer.
educated
• He was well- e__ __ __ __ __ __ __and enhanced this
through constant reading.
poetry
• He loved to write ______________. (roses are red, violets..)
married
• He was _____________________ twice and had one son.
oil
Lamar enjoyed ____________ painting.
fencer
He was an expert horseman and an accomplished ________.
Lamar was against the Indians, and believed that it was
necessary to bring about the “total extinction" of the Indian
tribes.
• 1839 – during the Lamar expedition Chief Bowels was ordered
to lead the Cherokees out of Texas. Chief Bowels refused and
Lamar ordered the militia to force them out.
• Bowles was killed and the Cherokees were forced to move to
present-day Oklahoma.
• March 19, 1840
• A group of Comanche leaders agreed to meet in San Antonio
to surrender all Anglo captives
• They only delivered one captive – Matilda Lockhart
• Texans were angry and refused to let the Indians leave
• Indians tried to leave and were attacked
• Led to the death of many Comanche leaders and 7 Texans
• To this date the Comanche nation refuses to make peace with
the Texas Rangers over this event
Lamar urged that the Cherokee and Comanche tribes be driven
from their lands in Texas, even if the tribes must be destroyed.
bank
He also proposed to create a national _______ and to secure a
loan from either the United States or Europe.
• To fill the treasury, he authorized issuance of a large amount
of Republic of Texas paper money, known as Redbacks. The
paper money was virtually worthless. Spending doubled
during Lamar's term, and combined with the worthless
currency, caused financial difficulties for the government.
ships
Lamar bought several _________ for the Navy and kept the
Navy on active duty.
Austin
In 1838, he moved the capital of Texas to
______________(hint: it’s named after the “Father of Texas”)
Lamar, the “Father of Education," convinced the legislature to
set aside land for each county to equip schools. He also set
aside land for Texas A&M University and the University of
Texas. Although nothing was implemented during his term,
these actions led to the foundation for a statewide public
school system.
• During the Houston’s administration the Navy protected the
nation’s coast but it was a drain on the economy
• Lamar had congress issue bonds to buy ships
• They were used to conduct unsuccessful secret peace
negotiations between Texas and Mexico
• Very costly and not successful
• Lamar's Administration
• June 1841 – Lamar sent troops to claim the western boundary
of Texas- all the land East of the Rio Grande which included
Santa Fe and parts of present day New Mexico
• By the time the Texans got their they were in short supply and
exhausted
• Texans were captured and thrown in prison
• Expedition cost a great deal of money and was a failure
“A cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy and, while
guided and controlled by virtue, the noblest attribute of man. It is
the only dictator that freemen acknowledge and the only security
that freemen desire.“
What does this mean?
against
Lamar was ____________ annexation.
Debt for the Republic of Texas went from $2 million to siete
million.
His second term as President:
1841-1844
Vice-President
Edward Burleson
According to the Texas constitution, a person could
not be elected two times in a row. Most Texans
were unhappy with the conflict during Lamar’s
administration and re-elected Houston.
How many years did Houston serve as president of
Texas (both terms / use the partial years as one)?
7
government
• To cut back on the debt, Houston eliminated ___________ positions.
salaries
• Reduced sa _ _ _ _ _ _ of government officials.
army
• Cut the size of the _________
naval
• Docked the _______ ships and attempted to sell them.
• Reduced the debt of Texas to $511,000. By how much did he reduce the
debt from his first term to his second term?
$1,489,000
• Due to the Santa Fe expedition, Mexico began to invade Texas
• Houston sent Texas Rangers to guard the expedition until the
threat was over
• A battle enraged for two days and the Texans surrendered
• Texans were marched to Mexico City and executed by Santa
Anna (again the ruler of Mexico) by drawing a black bean out
of a bag.
• The status of African Americans changed dramatically during
the Republic of Texas. Slavery was legalized and free slaves
had to get an act of Congress to remain legally in Texas
President:
1844-1846
Vice-President:
Kenneth L. Anderson
architect
He is known as the “ _________ of
Annexation”
(1798-1858) He died at the age of 59 after taking
his own life. Jones was found “lying across his
bed…with a discharged pistol in his hand.
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He was from Great Barrington, Massachusetts.
As a young boy, he lived in poverty.
He had 13 brothers and sisters and three children of his own.
He received his medical degree in 1827 and moved to Texas
in 1833.
Battle of San Jacinto
• He fought with Houston in the ____________.
• Jones was also a businessman and a congressman.
balanced
• Jones strived for a ___________ budget, but it was difficult
due to the depression and high interest rates on the public
debt.
in favor of
• Jones was strongly ___________ annexation.
• The debt for Texas went up to:
10 million
$16,000,000.00
$14,000,000.00
$12,000,000.00
$10,000,000.00
$8,000,000.00
$6,000,000.00
$4,000,000.00
$2,000,000.00
$-
On February 19, 1846, at a formal ceremony in Austin, the
American flag was raised over the Texas Capitol. Texas
President Jones, the “Architect of Annexation,”lowered the
Lone Star Flag of Texas and proclaimed, “The Republic of
Texas is no more.”
• A belief that government should be based on the consent of the
people. People exercise their power by voting for political
representatives.
• Article 1 Section 3 of the Texas Constitution: the members of the
House of Representatives shall be chosen annually, on the first
Monday of September each year, until Congress shall otherwise
provide by law, and shall hold their offices on year from the date
of the election.
• Question?
• Why do we not elect people for life?
• Why do we need to vote so often?
• The principle that requires all U.S. citizens, including government
leaders to obey the law
• Question?
• Why should everyone including our leaders have to obey the law?
• What could happen if we did not have a limited government?
• The ability of each branch of government to exercise checks, or
controls, over the other branches
• A system of government where power is shared among the
central (Federal Government) and the states