Parts of Speech
Overview
To Begin
On a clean piece of paper, number 1 - 20
Page 2 of your Holt Handbook. Complete
the Diagnostic Preview: Identifying Parts
of Speech.
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Preposition
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Interjection
Adjective
Conjunction
Adverb
Adjective
Preposition
11. Pronoun
12. Pronoun
13. Adjective
14. Verb
15. Noun
16. Conjunction
17. Preposition
18. Adjective
19. Verb
20. Adjective
Preview
Nouns




Common and Proper
Concrete and Abstract
Collective
Compound
Pronouns






Personal
Reflexive and Intensive
Demonstrative
Interrogative
Relative
Indefinite
Nouns
Definition (refer to 1a
on page 3)


A noun names a
person, a place, a
thing, or an idea
Example: The dog ate
the cat.
Common and Proper Nouns
Page 3 of Holt
Handbook
Common Noun

Names one of a group
of persons, places,
things, or ideas
Proper Nouns

Names a particular
person, place, thing, or
idea
Concrete and Abstract
On your paper, sketch the following:




Award
Courage
Adventure
Monkey
Concrete and Abstract Nouns
Concrete Noun

Names a person,
place, or thing that can
be perceived by one or
more of the senses
Abstract Noun

Names an idea, a
feeling, a quality, or a
characteristic
Collective and Compound Nouns
Page 4 in your Holt Handbook
Collective Noun


Singular form naming a
group.
Example: This class. While
there are many of us, this
class is regarded as one.
Compound Noun

Consists of two or more
words that together name a
person, a place, a thing, or
an idea.
The Pronoun
Page 5 in your Holt
Handbook

Definition: A pronoun
is a word used in place
of one or more nouns
or pronouns.
Antecedent: The word
that the pronoun
replaces.
The Pronoun
Write down this sentence:

Mr. Kelly smells his armpit.
Underline the nouns (there are two).
Circle the pronoun (the word that takes the
place of, in this case, a noun)
Box the Antecedent (the noun the pronoun
replaces)
The Adjective
Preview
Define
Articles
Words can be both?!?
Proper Adjectives
Exercises
The Adjective
Refer to page 9 in your Holt Handbook
Definition: An adjective modifies a noun or
a pronoun

Modify: To describe or to make more definite
the meaning of the word. Adjectives modify
nouns or pronouns by telling what kind, which
one, how many, or how much
Articles
A, An, and The

Our Holt Handbook refers to articles as
Adjectives – other grammarians do not. I tend
the believe they are their own part of speech.
Three of the most common words.


A and an are Indefinite articles
The is a definite article
Whaaatt!?!
Some words can be both adjectives or
pronouns or both adjectives and nouns. It
is important to read the complete sentence
and work in context.

Examples on page 10 and 11
Proper Adjectives
An adjective formed from a proper noun


A lecture of Mr. Kellian proportions.
See page 12 for more examples
The Verb and the
Adverb
Preview
Definition
Action and Linking Verbs
Main and Helping Verbs
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Exercises
The Verb
Refer to page 13 in your Holt
Handbook
Definition: A verb
expresses action or a
state of being

Examples: run, sit,
think, dance, wallop.
In my opinion: Verbs
are the key to
sentences.
Action verbs and Linking Verbs
Action verbs: Expresses either physical or
mental activity (see chart, page 13)
Linking verbs: connects the subject to a
word or work group in the predicate.

If this is mumbo-jumbo to you now, spend
time memorizing the charts on page 14.
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs
Verb phrases: Consists of at least one
main verb and one or more helping verbs.

Refer to chart on page 15.
Transitive Verbs and Intransitive
Verbs
Object: a word that tells who or what
received the action.
Definition: Transitive Verb has an object
Definition: Intransitive Verb does not have
an object

Refer to page 16 for examples
Exercise
Take out a clean piece of paper and turn
to page 17 of your Holt Handbook.
Complete “Exercise 3: Identifying and
Classifying Verbs” However, follow these
directions:
For each sentence, write down the verb(s)
present in each sentence. The following
slide shows the number of verbs for each
sentence.
Exercise 3 template
1. One verb phrase
2. One verb, one verb
phrase
3. Three verb phrases
4. Four verbs
5. One verb phrase
6. One verb
7. One verb
8. Two verbs
9. Two verbs
10. One verb
Exercise 3 answers
1. Has borrowed
2. Sounds; do hear
3. Will pronounce; will
spell; had come
4. Hides; gives; is
5. Might have come
6. Came
7. Is
8. Adopted; became
9. Became; led
10. know
The Adverb
Works much like and adjective
An Adverb modifies a verb, an adjective,
or another adverb

Reminder: To modify means to describe or
make more definite the meaning of a word.
Adverbs tell how, when, where, or to what
extent (how much or how long)
Refer to page 18 for examples.
Prepositions,
Conjunctions,
Interjections
Preposition
Shows the relationship of a noun
or pronoun, called the object of
the preposition, to another word.
Examples
The puppy ran beside me.
The puppy ran toward me.
The puppy ran around me.
The puppy ran past me.
The puppy ran after me.
The puppy ran behind me.
The puppy ran in front of me.
Preposition or Adverb?
Preposition:
We drove around the parking lot.
(The compound noun parking lot is the
object of around.)
Adverb:
We drove around for a while.
(Around modifies the verb drove.)
Compound Prepositions
A preposition that consists of two or more
words.
Examples:


The young sculptor made a scale model of
Mount Rushmore out of clay.
She placed a photograph of Mount Rushmore
next to her clay model.
Homework
Exercise 5, pg. 22, #1-10
Write the complete sentences with the
prepositions that you used.
The Conjunction
Joins words or word groups
Coordinating Conjunctions
Joins word or word groups that are used in
the same way.
Example:


We found a bat and a glove.
They may be hiding in the attic or the
basement.
Correlative Conjunctions
Pairs of conjunctions that join words or
word groups that are used in the same
way.
Examples:


Both athletes and singers must train for long
hours.
We searched not only behind the garage but
also under the pecan tree.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Begins a subordinate clause (not a
complete thought) and connects it to an
independent clause.
Example:


We arrived late because our train was
delayed.
While Sherlock Holmes explained his theory,
Dr. Watson listened quietly.
The Interjection
Expresses emotion and has no
grammatical relation to the rest of
the sentence.
Examples
Well, I think you should apologize to her.
Ouch! That hurts!
Example from Friday’s quiz
1. Zippers, which most people use several
times each week, were not invented until
1893.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Adverb
Preposition
Adjective
Conjunction