Ancient Rome spreads its power What happened when the king’s left? • ____________________ run government • Plebeians not allowed in gov…although they were the majority What did the plebeians do in response? • ___________________________________________________…patricians need the army…patricians are forced to give plebeians power. What specifically did they do? • Created the _______________...a set of posted, written laws…no one could change what they said…made __________________ Rome’s Balanced Government… please note balance scale of government in background • For the best government Rome mixed monarchy, democracy, and aristocracy • What’s a democratic republic? Office of the Consul - ____________ • • • There were _________________ Directed army and government But his power was limited by 2 laws 1. ____________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 2. _________the other’s decisions ___________- ______________ • __________appointments – 100 of them at 1st • Provided ______________and continuity • Plebeians eventually were allowed to be senators ________________________ • Citizen soldiers were allowed to participate • Gained the ____________________…became powerful ________– in a league all their own • In times of great need, Rome would give their leadership to dictators • Dictators had complete control over Rome • __________________________________ • Were chosen by the consuls and approved by the senate (balance of powers) Cincinnatus – The best dictator a civilization could ask for • He literally dropped his plow to become dictator • He turned Rome around in 15 days • He gave up the dictator position once he fixed Rome • What is gravitas? How did he either show it or not? Cincinnatus in Cincinnati Rome Expands • Rome was taking over Latin and Etruscan areas • As Rome expanded further, they started to also take over the Greek colonies Rome gets BIGGER • Rome extended citizenship to close territories…those on the “frontier” were made “_________________” (non-Latins) • The alternative to not accepting Roman citizenship and rule was certain death and destruction • Each conquered area became part of Rome – ____________________________________________, rather than being just Rome’s subjects Carthage The “other” Mediterranean City Two big cities in one little Sea – After the fall of Athens, there were two cities that rose to prominence: • Rome (we know about it already) • ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ Carthage’s Personal Add • In 262 B.C., Carthage was _______________ _________, about 250,000 people lived there. • They had a powerful navy of about 500 ships. • Incredibly _________! • Basically, very powerful due to the ability to pay ________________to fight in their army. Rome, on the other hand • Very small navy • Huge empire could provide a very large army (500,000 soldiers!) – _______________________________________________ – Majored in fighting! • Very lucky – Captured a Carthaginian ship, and photocopied it 140 times • _____________________________________________________ The Wars • 1st Punic War – Lasted _______________________ – Carthage’s fleet was destroyed in 241 B.C. – _________________________________________ • 2nd Punic War – 218 B.C. – Here is where Hannibal comes in Hannibal – What should we know? • __________ __________ __________ _____(came through the Alps) • Rome sent three armies to stop the invaders, but they were all crushed. Hannibal in a nut shell – Hannibal did not attack Rome directly – Lived off country side, _________________________________ _________________________________ – Hoped Rome’s allies would get unhappy with the way the Romans were handling the situation and join him – Waited for _________________________________ _________________________________ • Finally a ___________________________________________ • Hannibal rushed back to Carthage, where he was _________ in the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C. – Scipio becomes known as Scipio Africanus in honor of his victory. The 3rd Punic War • 149 B.C to 146 B.C. • Fought for no other reason then Rome was jealous that Carthage even existed. – ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ • Made an excuse to attack Carthage – Scipio Africanus destroyed the city