English as the current Lingua
Franca
• English
• English is the current lingua franca of
international business, science, technology and
aviation. It has replaced French as the lingua
franca of diplomacy since World War II. The rise
of English in diplomacy began in 1919, in the
aftermath of World War I, when the Treaty of
Versailles was written in English as well as in
French, the dominant language used in diplomacy
until that time.
• The widespread use of English was further advanced by
the prominent international role played by Englishspeaking nations (the United States and the
Commonwealth of Nations) in the aftermath of World
War II, particularly in the establishment and
organization of the United Nations. English is one of
the six official languages of the United Nations (the
other five being French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and
Spanish). The seating and roll-call order in sessions of
the United Nations and its subsidiary and affiliated
organizations is determined by alphabetical order of
the English names of the countries.
• When the United Kingdom became a colonial
power, English served as the lingua franca of
the colonies of the British Empire. In the postcolonial period, some of the newly created
nations which had multiple indigenous
languages opted to continue using English as
the lingua franca to avoid the political
difficulties inherent in promoting any one
indigenous language above the others.
• The British Empire established the use of English
in regions around the world such as North
America, India, Africa, Australia and New Zealand,
so that by the late 19th century its reach was
truly global.In the latter half of the 20th century,
widespread international use of English was
much reinforced by the global economic,
financial, scientific, military, and cultural preeminence of the English-speaking countries and
especially the U.S. Today.
• More than half of all scientific journals are
published in English, while in France, almost
one third of all natural science research
appears in English,[21] lending some support to
English being the lingua franca of science and
technology. English is also the lingua franca of
international Air Traffic Control
communications.
Langue and parole
• Langue and parole are more than just
'language and speech'
Langue
• La langue is the whole system of language
that precedes and makes speech possible. A
sign is a basic unit of langue.
• Learning a language, we master the system of
grammar, spelling, syntax and punctuation.
These are all elements of langue.
Parole
• Parole
• Parole is the concrete use of the language, the
actual utterances. It is an external
manifestation of langue. It is the usage of the
system, but not the system.
Now What?
• In groups of three, Choose one of the following
prompts and write an essay of 4 paragraphs on
the following:
• First Language interference means the
interference of various linguistic structures of one
language in the use of another foreign language.
These intrusions can be at the level of phonology,
morphology, syntax, discourse, pragmatics, and
semantics. Give at least two examples of L1
interference from your own experience.
•
• 1- The English Language spoken in the United
States differs from traditional British language
due to isolation from the parent language,
independent growth and associated
terminology, varying philosophies and politics
and the American character.