Storage and File Systems
Cost-efficient Storage (New)
Block Access
File Access
Traditional Storage
cost-efficient
continuously available
highly scalable
Storage Spaces
lower price-points
operational simplicity
Physical or
Virtualized Servers
Windows Server 2012
Capabilities
Virtualized Resilient
Storage
Cost-efficient shared
SAS JBOD arrays
File and Storage Manager
ReFS & NTFS
SMB v3 RDMA
Failover Clustering & CSV v2
Hyper-V
Storage Mgmt. PowerShell
Optimized and flexible capacity utilization
Resiliency to drive failure
Operational simplicity with support for multi-tenancy
High-availability and scalability
Workload-optimized performance via heterogeneous
media
Simple Spaces vs. Native Disks
Write Throughput
Simple Spaces
Native Disks
5000
5000
4000
4000
Throughput MB/s
Throughput MB/s
Simple Spaces vs. Native Disks
Read Throughput
3000
2000
1000
Native Disks
3000
2000
1000
0
0
1
2
4
1MB Sequential Read, 7.2K RPM SAS
8
12
16
20
24
28
Simple Spaces vs. Native Disks
Read IOPS
32
1
Native Disks
7000
6000
6000
5000
4000
4
8
12
16
20
24
Simple Spaces vs. Native Disks
Write IOPS
Simple Spaces
5000
2
1MB Sequential Write, 7.2K RPM SAS
IOPS
IOPS
Simple Spaces
28
32
Simple Spaces
Native Disks
4000
3000
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
1
2
4K Random Read, 7.2K RPM SAS
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
1
2
4K Random Write, 7.2K RPM SAS
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
VMs
720TB
High-Cap
144TB
Mid-Perf
96TB
High-Perf
Item
Deployment Elements
Servers per Element
Total number of servers
JBODs per Element
Total number of disks
40Gbps networks per server
Virtual Machines
Count
16
4
64
1
242 HDDs
and SSDs
4
4000
Storage Spaces
lower price-points
operational simplicity
ReFS
available
scalable
cost-efficient
Integrity
• All metadata corruption is always detected. Optionally,
user data corruption is also detected.
• ReFS utilizes Storage Spaces’ resiliency to auto-correct.
Scalability
• ReFS efficiently scales to PB datasets comprising very
large files.
Availability
• ReFS maximizes data availability.
• If corruption occurs and a redundant copy is unavailable,
the non-corrupt portions remain unaffected and online.
Architectural Evolution
• Architecture enables efficient evolution for new storage
devices and new access patterns.
Allocate-on-write eliminates corruption from
errors associated with in-place update
Checksums detect whether the data on media
has changed since it was last written
File system metadata is always protected,
maximizing online operation
Flexible user data protection is configurable on
a per-volume, per-directory, and per-file basis
With NTFS, Scrubber verifies all
copies can be read
Data
Data
Data
Copy0
Copy1
Copy2
On media failure, NTFS will get
an alternate copy of the data
With ReFS, Scrubber verifies
checksums on all copies and
auto-corrects as needed
Scrubber
Data Volume - NTFS
Data Volume - ReFS
Data
Data
Data
Copy0
Copy1
Copy2
Checksum is inspected on all
copies of the data
If corruption detected, trigger
auto-correct and return a
healthy copy of the data
Application accesses data
ReFS volume detects
corruption and automatically
replaces the corrupt data
with correct data
Mirror space offers all data
copies to the file system
ReFS uses a highly scalable, flexible, B+ tree data
structure for all metadata
• Ensures maximum scalability and volume sizes beyond NTFS
File system abstractions are implemented using
key-value tables built from the B+ trees
Capacity allocation is handled by a hierarchy of
allocators
• Ability to allocate at different sized granularities
Upper API Layer
Upper API Layer
On-media Store
MinStore
NTFS.SYS
ReFS.SYS
ReFS
available
scalable
cost-efficient
cost-efficient
continuously available
highly scalable
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