“GREEN ZONE” TRAINING PROGRAM SUPPORTING STUDENT VETERANS Presented by The Military Outreach Center and The Aurora Foundation Mark Eister Director of Military Outreach United States Army Veteran Chris Noerjadi Military Outreach Center Coordinator United States Navy Veteran Robert Knowles Military Student Advocate United States Army Veteran “Green Zone” A location recognized by veterans as a safe place Benefits of the Green Zone Training Program: Discover the issues potentially facing student veterans. Receive the tools, knowledge and resources to assist student veterans. Receive and agree to display the Green Zone sticker and poster. Receive a student veteran Resource Booklet. Who is a Green Zone Advocate? Staff and faculty who identify themselves as someone who knows something about the issues and concerns faced by student veterans/active military students as someone who is available to assist the veteran student They are NOT expected to be experts who can “solve” their problems, but instead: offer concern and understanding help the student find the appropriate resources for problem resolution Commonly Used Terms Active Service Members (ASM) Generic term which encompasses Active Duty, National Guard, and Reserves personnel Veteran Any individual who served in the U.S. military OEF – Operation Enduring Freedom War in Afghanistan OIF – Operation Iraqi Freedom War in Iraq OND – Operation New Dawn Support operations in post-OIF Iraq Who is a Student Veteran/Active Service Member (ASM)? Student Veterans and ASMs are a diverse group of individuals. They are: From all branches of the military Range in age, race/ethnicity, and gender Have served during times of war and peace Have different educational goals More likely to have families Student Veterans/ASMson Campus GPC = 700 student veterans on-campus, receiving VA educational benefits. Hundreds more attend GPC who are not receiving VA benefits. Total GPC veteran students = 1,500-2,000 and growing. Military Experience Separation from family or loved ones Most are leaving home for the first time Separation from extended family and close friends Relocating away from family and friends Usually assigned to a base in a different part of the country or world Adjustments to new climates and culture Military Experience: Deployments Deployments last from 6-18 months Multiple deployments Many serve multiple deployments Over 350,000 have experienced two or more deployments Emotional Cycle of Deployment: Pre-Deployment, Deployment, Sustainment, ReDeployment, Post-Deployment ***(Savych, 2009) Emotional Cycle of Deployment Pre-Deployment Anticipation of loss vs Denial Train-up/long hours away Getting affairs in order Mental/physical distance Arguments Deployment Mixed emotions/relief Disoriented/overwhelmed Numb, sad, alone Sleep difficulties Security issues Post-Deployment Honeymoon period Loss of independence Need for “own” space Renegotiating routines Reintegration into family *** (Franklin, 2009) Sustainment Redeployment Anticipation of homecoming Excitement Apprehension Burst of energy/”nesting” Difficulty making decisions New routines established New sources of support Feel more in control Independence Confidence: “I can do this!” Emotional Cycle of Deployment: Pre-Deployment Training - long hours away Spending more time in the field to prepare for deployment Separation from family and friends before deployment Getting affairs in order Preparing a Living Will, a Last Will and Testament, and assigning a power of attorney National Guard and Reservists Added stress during semester due to anticipation of deployment May be called to duty while enrolled in classes Having to file paperwork to withdraw from classes and stop payment of VA educational benefits *** (Franklin, 2009) Emotional Cycle of Deployment: Deployment Adjusting to being in a combat zone, on a ship, or aircraft Adjusting to new climate, terrain, and language Dealing with emotions regarding separation from family, friends, and partners Must maintain some level of emotional control May not be able to react immediately to loss/trauma, but encouraged to ‘deal with it’ while deployed and upon return *** (Franklin, 2009) Emotional Cycle of Deployment: Deployment Persistent hyper vigilance and arousal Sleep deprivation - fatigue Periods of intense boredom Many have experienced: Firefights Buddies wounded or killed RPGs: Rocket Propelled Grenades IEDs: Improvised Explosive Devices Car bombs Suicide bombings Crowd control ***(Hoge et al., 2004) Emotional Cycle of Deployment: Post-Deployment Homecoming The “honeymoon” stage Difficult adjustment phase for both ASM and family Family has adapted to life without ASM and now has to reestablish roles Adaptive behaviors for war are maladaptive at home Aggressive driving in war zone = Road Rage at home Tactical Awareness at war = Hyper vigilance at home Develop a “New Normal” Adjusting to life after it has changed Dealing with the emotions of war *** (Franklin, 2009) Emotional Cycle of Deployment: Family members/Dependents Those attending college classes who are family members or dependents of Veterans/ASM may also need support They may be experiencing: Difficulty concentrating Difficulty transitioning Difficulty adjusting to role changes Loss or injuries of a loved one Transitioning from Combat to Campus Transition Strengths Veterans/ASMs transitioning out of the military onto college campuses bring a unique perspective Military training Life experience A more expansive world view Skills taught in the military help students to be successful Leadership Motivation Time Management Work Ethic Stress Management Transition Difficulties Issues that may arise during the transition process can become barriers to success Difficulty translating their military skills into a new profession Difficulty switching gears with a new focus that is unrelated to military experience Military skills and training often do not translate into college credits Universities may have difficulty deciphering transfer credits for those who have started and stopped higher education at multiple institutions Difficulty using the GI Bill Knowing when and how to apply for VA benefits Learning how to navigate the application, enrollment and registration processes for college Transition Difficulties Being an older student Freshman 24+ years old with 18 year old classmates Alienation Veterans/ASMs may find it difficult to integrate on campus due to their different life experiences Insensitivity of some classmates, faculty, and others on campus when discussing military and war Veterans/ASMs may not agree with discussions or may feel attacked when asked about their experiences Transition Difficulties Things to understand about Student Veterans in the classroom: Some may Have difficulty relating to classmates Find loud noises to be disturbing Become anxious with changes in the classroom Have excessive absences Have PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) or TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) ***(Pfeffer, 2010) Considering the Needs of Student Veterans with Disabilities It is estimated that 23% to 31% of Veterans/ASM of OIF/OEF have PTSD symptoms and 20% have mild TBIs. Some of those are on GPC’s campuses. New Disability Student Veterans/ASMs may be experiencing a disability for the first time in their life May be unaware of services available on campus for persons with an identified disability May not want to identify as having a disability May not want to disclose problems because of stigma Identification of disability may have implications for future in the military for those who are still active service members *** (Jones, Young, & Leppma, 2010; Thomas et al., 2010) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD occurs after an individual has seen or experienced a traumatic event that involved the threat of injury or death PTSD is experienced by some, but certainly not all Student Veterans/ASMs Have some knowledge of PTSD, BUT do not expect that every Student Veteran/ASM will have these symptoms ***(American Psychiatric Association, 2000) PTSD Symptoms Repeated "reliving" of the event, which disturbs day-to-day activity Flashbacks, where the event seems to be happening again and again Avoidance Emotional "numbing," the feeling as though the individual does not care about anything Arousal Excessive awareness (hyper vigilance) ***(American Psychiatric Association, 2000) PTSD in the Classroom They may: Sit in the back of the classroom so they can have a clear view of everything around them Be easily startled by noises (doors slamming, pens dropping, shuffling in a backpack, whispering or other noises from classmates) Be withdrawn from class discussion Have difficulty maintaining emotional control during difficult topics Final Thought on PTSD Remember: Although many Veterans/ASMs may have stressful or traumatic experiences, not all develop or are experiencing Post-Traumatic Stress. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) A blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the function of the brain. Severity of injury can vary Mild: brief change in mental status or consciousness Severe: extended period of unconsciousness or amnesia after the injury Some, but certainly not all Student Veterans, may have experienced a TBI ***(Traumaticbraininjury.com, 2010) Traumatic Brain Injury Combat experience is one of the main risk factors for sustaining a TBI Exposure to blasts through explosions and roadside bombs Improvements in body armor and helmets have increased the occurrence of TBI Likelihood of survival from blasts due to sophisticated equipment, unlike from previous wars TBI often goes undiagnosed because symptoms may not appear until weeks or months later Especially emotional or personality changes, which are difficult for strangers to identify Difficult to differentiate between TBI and PTSD because they have numerous overlapping symptoms ***(Traumaticbraininjury.com, 2010) TBI Symptoms Cognition Motor/Sensory Disturbances Impairments in: Language Communication Attention Concentration Memory Learning New Information Speed of Information Processing Judgment Decision-Making Problem-Solving Insight ***(Traumaticbraininjury.com, 2010) TBI Symptoms Mood Apathy/Depression Anxiety Irritability Emotional Liability Insensitivity Egocentricity ***(Traumaticbraininjury.com, 2010) Behavior Lack of Initiation Disinhibiting Impulsivity Restlessness Aggression Agitation TBI in the Classroom They may: Have difficulty expressing themselves (tongue tied) Show restless behaviors Example: Constant fidgeting and tapping pens or feet Show inappropriate reactions to discussion Example: Becoming aggressive, easily irritated, agitated, or insensitive to others in the classroom Be withdrawn or not participating in class discussion Other Wounds of War Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) A spinal cord injury occurs when trauma or disease damages the spinal cord and results in partial or complete paralysis Military Sexual Trauma (MST) Includes sexual assault, sexual threats, bullying, and unwanted touching or grabbing that occurred while in the military ***(Spinal Cord Injuries, 2010; VA MST, 2010) Considering the Needs of Student Veterans with Disabilities What the Green Zone advocates should know: Do not ask or suggest that the Student Veteran/ASM has a disability, but inquire about the issues they are experiencing to better provide the appropriate resources Become familiar with information provided by the GPC Disabilities Services Office for those who may request such services Students may need extra help navigating the system and understanding what help is available to them Provide the student with contact information for the Disability Services Office, if requested Assist in making an appointment, if needed Considering the Needs of Student Veterans with Disabilities GPC’s Disabilities Services Office coordinates accommodations for students who self-identify with a disability Each campus has a disability coordinator who provides accommodations and compensatory strategies that are individualized, flexible, confidential, and based on the nature of the disability and the educational environment Their services are available to: students with learning disabilities students who are deaf or hard of hearing students with mental, visual, mobility and other disabilities Easing the Transition Have an open dialogue about frustrations Discuss career goals Provide them with information about various services and resources available as seems appropriate Military Outreach Center and Military Advisory Staff, who are also Veterans (Clarkston Campus) Financial Aid Assistance Academic Advising Personal Counseling Disability Accommodations Remember that each student is unique in their experiences Suggested Questions To Ask The Veteran Standing In Front Of You Express appreciation for their service! What branch of service? How long were you in the military? What was your job or specialty? How many deployments? When, where, how long? How has your experience at GPC been? Could you be called back to active duty? Can you still be deployed? Do not ask if they have killed someone. Do not ask how they were injured. Dialogue with the Veteran Standing in Front of You IF A SERVICE MEMBER OR VETERAN OPENLY DISCUSSES HIS OR HER EXPERIENCE: DO NOT INTERRUPT, DO NOT MINIMIZE, DO NOT INJECT YOUR POLITICAL BELIEFS ABOUT THE WAR. PLEASE JUST LISTEN Easing the Transition What Student Veterans want staff and faculty to know: “We are having normal reactions to an abnormal experience.” “No two veterans are alike.” “Each of us has had different experiences.” “Do not assume that you know my beliefs or political viewpoint just because I was in the military.” “I may or may not be ready to talk about my experiences.” “Trust can be an issue for me.” “Being friendly and listening can go a long way toward building trust.” “Do not be afraid of me.” “We are accustomed to being successful and may be too proud to ask for help.” ***(Pfeffer, 2010) Things to Remember Student veterans are a unique population with different experiences. There are numerous ways to help Student Veterans/ASM just as there are for other student populations. Developing trust is very important. Following-up with the Student Veterans/ASM and following through with what you say you will do is essential. Discussion instructions The following slides present various scenarios developed from real-life experiences of student veterans on campus. After each scenario is a list of options of how an advocate might properly respond. Discussion Scenario 1 A Student Veteran approaches you because she is struggling in her classes. She goes to class every day, takes notes, and allots time each day to study. She feels frustrated because no matter how much time she puts into it, she is not getting the grades she wants. How do you help her? Discussion Ask the veteran if she has always had difficulties with school work, or if this is new for her Assist the veteran in searching for classroom help Tell her about the Learning and Writing Centers Learning Center has one-on-one tutoring & supplemental instruction sessions Ask her if she is in a study group or would want to join one Recommend talking to her instructor, if that is not you If she acknowledges that she has a disability, ask if she has gone to the Disability Services Office to see if she is eligible for accommodations Suggest peer mentoring Have a discussion about her well being Is she sleeping and eating well? Have a discussion about her academic success and implications for her GI Bill Discussion Scenario 2 A Reservist sees the “Green Zone” sticker on your door and comes in because he has received orders for a week-long training that will occur during the middle of the semester. He has an exam during that week and his professor states in the syllabus that there are absolutely no make-up exams. Discussion Inform the student that he must provide documentation of his orders to the professor as soon as he receives them Encourage him to talk to his professor Encourage him to meet with his academic/faculty advisor Review the policy related to attendance and short-term military training Discussion Scenario 3 A student comes to your office because he is experiencing problems with his G.I. Bill. Because of his unpaid tuition, there is a hold on his account and he is unable to register for classes he needs to graduate. Discussion Encourage him to visit Student Accounts to discuss his situation Encourage him to talk to the GPC Veteran Affairs Certifying Officer Encourage him to talk to his academic/faculty advisor to see if they could hold a spot in the classroom for him Discussion Scenario 4 A student Reservist comes to your office and is anticipating being deployed. He is unsure whether it will be before the end of the semester and is unaware of how he should proceed. Discussion Review with the student the GPC policy regarding options for active duty military students who are deployed http://www.gpc.edu/catalog/withdrawals Encourage him to talk to his academic advisor and professor Discuss options for incomplete grades Discuss available online courses Discuss completing work early Military Withdrawal or Military Incompletes are available and need to be taken care of before he departs for training or deployment Discussion Continued Talk with the ASM about the upcoming deployment Discuss his fears and hopes of the deployment Understand that the ASM is under a lot of pressure and time restraints It may seem more important to faculty members to discuss withdrawing from classes, but remember the ASM is preparing for war and for being separated from family and friends There are other things of great importance in his or her life besides college classes Stay in contact with the student to assure he receives the assistance he needs Discussion Scenario 5 A Student Veteran comes to your office to discuss her GPA. When deployed, she did not withdraw from classes and received failing grades. Since restarting school and no longer being in the military, she has consistently received good grades but due to the past, her GPA is affecting her financial aid status. Discussion Encourage her to talk to Financial Aid Encourage her to talk to her academic/faculty advisor Encourage her to learn about the appeal process If needed, help her draft an appeal letter Discussion Scenario 6 A Student Veteran comes to you because he is frustrated about his classes. The material he is learning is exactly what he learned while he was in the military. He does not understand why he has to repeat the course. What do you do? Discussion Empathize with his frustrations Explain the advantages of already having the experience and knowledge Explain how he can help others in his class and take a leadership role Ask questions about his major and experience in the military Help him schedule an appointment with his academic or faculty advisor Discussion Scenario 7 A Student Veteran comes to you because he feels very alone on campus. He was used to being constantly surrounded by individuals who shared his goals and values. Since he came to campus, he has not met anyone like that. He feels isolated and alone. How do you help this student? Discussion Inform him of the resources available to him on campus Help link the Veteran to other Veterans Direct him to the Military Outreach Center or to one of the MOC Resource tables located in the Student Center of all five campuses Ask the Veteran what interests him or her Suggest joining student groups on campus that have similar interests, such as the SVA (Student Veterans Association) Follow-up with the student Discussion Scenario 8 A Student Veteran sees the “Green Zone” sticker on your door and decides to stop in to chat. She is having difficulty deciding on a major. She has a lot of skills from her military experience but is not sure she wants to stay on that path. How do you help her? Discussion Under the G.I. Bill requirements, Student Veterans must declare a major within two semesters, which may cause additional stress Listen to the student and ask questions about her military training Ask what she enjoyed the most; encourage her to think about whether or not she is interested in transitioning those skills into her education and future career Ask her “Where do you see yourself in 10 years?” Suggest she contact the GPC Career Center, the Military Outreach Center, or ACRS Many websites have been created to assist veterans in translating their military skills to civilian jobs: Example: http://www.military.com/veteran-jobs/skills-translator/ Discussion Scenario 9 A Student Veteran comes to you for his scheduled academic advising appointment. During the session he mentions that he did two tours in Iraq. How do you respond? Discussion Show interest If the Veteran wants to talk about his experience, listen and provide a safe environment to the student. Listening to the Veteran can go a long way toward building rapport If you have limited time to be with the Veteran, express your interest in his service and set up another appointment to further discuss his experiences Ask how his experiences may be helping or hindering his student experience Remember that every situation is going to be different Discussion Scenario 10 A Student Veteran comes to you because he is nearly on academic probation. He has trouble getting to class because it is a struggle for him to get out of bed most days. How do you help him? Discussion Have an open dialogue about the classes that he can not wake up for It may simply be that he does not have an interest in certain classes Is he struggling with these same issues in other areas of his life? Discuss with the student the Wellness Center and Student Health Provide information about available resources Encourage him to meet with his academic/faculty advisor Follow up to see how he is doing Discussion Scenario 11 A Student Veteran who has a spinal cord injury comes to your office. He read in his syllabus that special accommodations can be made for students who have a disability. He currently does not have any issues in his classes but wants more information on how they can help him in the future. How do you help him? Discussion Provide resources to the GPC Disability Services Office Help him schedule an appointment, if needed Resources GPC Resources on Campus Military Outreach Center, Clarkston Campus: Building CH-1300, 678-891-3025 or 770-274-5026 Financial Aid: 678-891-3535 VA Benefits Information: 678-891-3614 Academic Advising: 678-891-3535 Personal Counseling: 770-278-1300 Center for Disability Services: Clarkston 678-8913385; Decatur 678-891-2406; Dunwoody 770-274-5235; Alpharetta 678-240-6038; Newton 678-278-1316 Veterans Administration Resources GI Bill and other VA educational benefits http://www.gibill.va.gov Provides the veteran with information regarding his or her education benefits VA Resources Veterans Administration Website www.va.gov Student Veterans need their DD-214 form. If they have misplaced their DD-214, they can request another one for free at: http://www.archives.gov/veterans/militaryservice-records/ Atlanta Regional VA Center 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA 30033 (404) 321-6111 Veterans Associations Wounded Warrior Project Mission: To honor and empower wounded warriors. www.woundedwarriorproject.org Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) Mission: To "honor the dead by helping the living" through veterans' service, community service, national security and a strong national defense. www.vfw.org Veterans Associations Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America Providing assistance, advocacy, education and support to veterans of both conflicts. www.iava.org Disabled Veterans Association DAV is an advocacy group that helps ensure that active duty and veterans receive the benefits and compensation that were guaranteed to them when they enlisted. www.dav.org Community Resources Local Veteran Centers offer free counseling to combat veterans and their families: Atlanta Center 1440 Dutch Valley Place, Suite 1100 Box 55 Atlanta, GA 30324 Phone: 404-347-7264 Lawrenceville Center 930 River Centre Place Lawrenceville, GA 30043 Phone: 404-728-4195 Marietta Center 40 Dodd St., Suite 700 Marietta, GA 30060 Phone: 404-327-4954 PTSD Resources The National Center for PTSD http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/ncmain/resources/ “After Deployment” is a mental wellness resource guide for soldiers. http://afterdeployment.org/ PTSD and Women http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/wha/wha_pt sd_bha.htm TBI Resources Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center http://www.dvbic.org/ National Center for Injury Prevention and Control information on TBI http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/tbibook.pdf Soldiers with Traumatic Brain Injury brochure http://www.neuroskills.com/veterans/soldierswit htbi.pdf SCI Resources VA Spinal Cord Injury www.sci.va.gov National Spinal Cord Injury Association www.spinalcorg.org Substance Abuse Resources National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/ Alcoholics Anonymous http://www.aa.org National Institute on Drug Abuse http://www.nida.nih.gov/ National Clearinghouse on Alcohol and Drug Information http://www.health.gov/ Army Center for Substance Abuse Programs with links to world-wide ASAP locations http://www.acsap.army.mil/ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 1-800-662-HELP http://getfit.samhsa.gov/Drugs/ http://getfit.samhsa.gov/Alcohol/ Military Sexual Trauma Resources VA MST information www.mentalhealth.va.gov/msthome.asp MyDuty.mil Provides information and guidance on reporting MST www.myduty.mil Military Rape Crisis Center Has a chart for off-base Rape Crisis Centers located near military bases www.stopmilitaryrape.org/local_resources Suicide Prevention Resources The National Suicide Prevention Hotline: 1-800-273-TALK (8255), Press 1 for Veterans American Foundation for Suicide Prevention http://www.afsp.org Suicide Prevention Resource Center http://www.sprc.org References American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. (2010). http://www.afsp.org American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author. Gewirtz, A., DeGarmo, D., Polushy, M., Khaylis, A., & Erbes, C. (2010). Post-traumatic stress symptoms among National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq: Associations with parenting behaviors and couple adjustment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(5), 599610. Franklin, K. (2009). Understanding the challenges of marriage, parenting, and family life for returning veterans and military families: The Deployment Cycle and Reintegration Challenges. Hoge, C., Castro, C., Messer, J., McGurk, D., Cotting, D., & Koffman, R. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan: Mental health problems and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine, 35(1), 13-22. Hoge, E.A., Austin, E.D. & Pollack, M.H. (2007). Resilience: Research evidence and conceptual considerations for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 24, 139152. Jones, K., Young, T., & Leppma, M. (2010). Mild traumatic brain injury and post traumatic stress disorder in returning Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans: Implications for assessment and diagnosis. Journal of Counseling and Development, 88(3), 372-376. Program development funded by the Aurora Foundation (http://www.aurora4vets.org/index.html) and the Virginia Wounded Warriors Program (http://www.wearevirginiaveterans.org/) References Mundt., J. (2009). PTSD in the new generation of combat veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan: What the non-VA clinician needs to know. Medical Educational Services Ins. Professional Development Network. Eau, WI. Pfeffer, D. (2010). Quality Instructional Services for Veterans And Military Family Members, Webinar. Santrock., J. (2005). Adolescence. McGrawHill. New York, NY. Savych, B. (2009). Effects of deployment on spouses of military personnel. Humanities and Social Sciences, 3295. Schupp., J. (2010). SERV VCU. Supportive education for the returning veteran. Helping Virginia’s Best, Brightest, and Bravest get their degree, Webinar. Spinal Cord Injuries. (2010). www.sci.va.gov Thomas, J. Wilk, J. Riviere, L., McGurk, D., Castro, C., Hoge, C. (2010) Prevalence of mental health problems and functional impairment among active component National Guard soldiers 3 and 12 months following combat in Iraq. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(6), 614-623. TraumaticBrainInjury.com. (2010). www.traumaticbraininjury.com VA MST. (2010). www.mentalhealth.va.gov/msthome.asp VCU. (2010). Veteran’s Census; Fall 2010. Military Outreach Center Contact Information Location: Building CH-1300 Hours: Monday thru Friday, 8:00am – 5:00pm Phone: 678-891-3025 or 770-274-5026 Email: mark.eister@gpc.edu christopher.noerjadi@gpc.edu robert.knowles@gpc.edu