United States Department of Justice
Office on Violence Against Women
Grants to Reduce Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence,
Dating Violence and Stalking on Campus Program
Survivor Centered Response Training for
First Responders and Law Enforcement
July 26, 2011
Agenda
3
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Introduction of Campus TA Team
Webinar Technical Instructions
Webinar Presentation
Q&A
Announcements
Acknowledgements
Campus TA Team
2
Dan Esparza, Director of Campus Programs
Livia Rojas, Training & Resource Coordinator
dan@calcasa.org
livia@calcasa.org
Leah Lyon, Director llyon@ecok.edu
Cassie Holloway, Program Assistant casrhol@ecok.edu
Dorothy Edwards, Director dedwards@kdva.org
Jennifer Sayre, Director of Training & Development jsayre@kdva.org
Althea Hart, Training & Resource Specialist ahart@mscasa.org
Levette Johnson, Executive Director lkelly@mscasa.org
How to use the Technology
4
Raise Hand
Q&A
Text Chat
PowerPoint Slides
Chatting on iLinc
5
Have you submitted your progress
report?
Use chat to answer
Survivor Response Training for First
Responders & Law Enforcement
6
Teresa White-Walston
Director of Education
Women Organized Against Rape
teresa@woar.org
What Trainings Should
Accomplish
7
• Establish goals and objectives based upon campus’
needs.
• Furnish skills and tools to support participants’ ability
to achieve goals and objectives.
The Value of Survivor-Centered
Response Training
8
• Prepares campus safety teams and first responders
to handle sexual assaults/DV/stalking incidents.
• Requires one to confront one’s own perception
regarding sexual violence issues.
• Establishes/reinforces standard of care and treatment
of Survivors.
• Provides an opportunity to reinforce campus safety
policies and practices.
The Value of Survivor Centered
Response Training
9
Survivor-centered training is an opportunity to discuss
the cultivation of the image which Campus Safety
Teams/Law Enforcement want to convey to
consumers.
–Approachable
–Caring
–Supportive
–Effective
–Hard on crime
What Should Be Included in
Trainings?
10
Concepts
Concepts
11
• Risk factors which contribute to sexual assault:
– Campus Logistics
– Examination of student/staff population
• International students
• Students with special needs
– Examination of student activities both on/off campus
Training Concepts
12
• Sexual violence/DV/Stalking is a crime.
– Examination of state/local law
– Updated Campus Policies
• Examination of any incidents.
• Impact of Sexual Violence/DV/Stalking incidents on
survivors and families.
Training Concepts
13
• Impact of sexual violence/DV/Stalking crimes on the campus.
• Survivor reporting concerns.
– No one plans to be a victim.
• Understanding Offenders
– Are there practices which foster victimization?
– Offender patterns
– Serial offenders
Training Concepts
14
• Federal Laws which govern the reporting of crimes.
• Campus policies/protocols for responding to crimes.
• Campus Police response concerns.
– Obstacles to obtaining information
• Campus Alliances
– Interfaces between campus agencies.
• Vicarious Trauma.
How to Engage Law
Enforcement Agencies?
15
• First Responders/Law Enforcement members are also
family members.
• Affects the life of the survivor.
• Affects the life of the offender.
How to Engage Law
Enforcement Agencies?
16
The number of incidents, type of incidents and response
to incidents affect the campus community’s perception of
Campus Safety Teams/Law Enforcement’s effectiveness
to ensure safety.
Sexual Violence General
Prevalence Rates
17
• 1 in 3 females and 1 in 5 males will be the victim of
some form of sexual violence by the age of 18.
• In the U.S., a sexual assault occurs every 2 minutes.
– National Sexual Violence Resource Center
Campus Impact
18
• Three percent of all college women become victims of rape
(either completed or attempted) within a 9-month academic
year.
• 35 crimes for every 1,000 students.
U.S. Department of Justice –
2005 Report
Sexual Assaults on Campus: What Colleges &
Universities Are Doing About It
Campus Impact
19
• Schools seldom expel offenders who are responsible for
sexual assaults.
• Perpetrators often go on to graduate.
•
Survivors of sexual assault frequently leave the
college/university.
Center for Public Integrity – 2010
Why Sex Crimes Are
Underreported on Campuses
20
Embarrassment and shame.
Fear of being judged.
Not sure how to report on or off campus.
Students may seek medical treatment but will not report to
Law Enforcement.
Survivor may not label or identify their experience(s) as
sexual violence.
Issue for Examination
21
No one plans to be victimized
Discuss
Tools to First Responders for
Assisting Survivors
22
How first responders react will affect victims receptivity
to…
• Medical treatment
• Willingness to provide information for offender
apprehension/prosecution.
Dispel Misconceptions about
Sexual Assault
23
There is no predetermined way that a person who has
been victimized is supposed to respond.
Training Provides a Lens into
Survivor’s Experience
24
• Survivors of sexual assault will be asked to recount the
assault to at least 10 or more strangers should the
Survivor choose to receive help.
• Each disclosure forces the survivor to relive the incident.
Training Provides Responders to
Support the Survivor
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• Sensitivity – to respond in a manner which fits the situation.
• To respond to the survivor/witnesses in a manner which will
support responders’ ability to get facts and apprehend
offenders.
• Put the survivor in control.
• Remember, during any form of crime, something has been
taken away.
Prepares Responders to
Effectively Support Survivors
26
• Immediate reactions of Survivors after an assault.
–
–
–
–
Shock
Shame
Anger
Confusion
Reactions
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• Flight
• Fight
• Freeze
• There’s no right or best way to react.
Prepare to Support All Survivors
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• Does the Survivor self identify as male, female or
another gender?
• Does the Survivor self-identify as a member of the
LGBTQ community?
• Does the Survivor observe specific cultural and/or
religious practices?
• Does the Survivor have physical or cognitive
disabilities?
Address Survivor Concerns
29
•
•
•
•
Who is the offender?
Were there multiple offenders?
Where is the location of the assault?
Were drugs/alcohol used to facilitate the assault?
– GSB
Survivor Concerns
30
• Were there witnesses or others who can confirm that
the Survivor had some form of contact with the
Offender?
• How was the Survivor assaulted?
– Vaginal
– Oral
– Anal
Training Should Cover Survivor’s
Response to Sex Crimes
31
Feelings of…
 Fear
 Anxiety
 Guilt
 Feeling Dirty
 Sadness
 Self-blame
 Anger
Thoughts of…
Re-experiencing the
trauma or flashbacks
Negative views of self
Negative views of the
world
Hurting yourself or
suicide
Physical Reactions
Increased arousal
or being “jumpy”
Panic attacks
Changes in
appetite
Difficulty sleeping
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD)
32
Re-experiencing
 Distressing recollections of the trauma
 Distressing dreams about the event
 Reliving the experience (flashbacks)
 When flashbacks are triggered, survivor may experience
range of emotions
 Has physical/sensory reactions to reminders of the trauma
PTSD (cont’d.)
33
Avoidance
 Efforts to avoid trauma related thoughts or feelings
 Efforts to avoid trauma related activities or situations
 Not remembering important aspects of the assault
 Less interest in enjoyable activities
 Detachment from others
 Feeling numb
How to Support Survivors
34
 Do not make assumptions.
 Showing emotions versus not showing emotion does
not mean that an assault did not occur.
How to Support Survivors
35
• Make eye contact.
• Be mindful of approach, tone of voice, facial
expression, body language.
• Be mindful of surrounding environment, i.e. assault
location may be the survivor’s room.
• If the survivor doesn’t want to speak with officer, the
officer should convey her/his concerns through
campus advocates.
Supporting Survivors
36
• Document detailing impartial sensitive treatment.
• Show care. Keep in mind the survivor’s feelings.
• Follow-up
– With survivor
– With the advocate
How to Support Survivors
37
Encourage:
– Medical Treatment
– Counseling
– Reporting
Taking Care of Responders
38
What is the composition of the campus’ Safety/Law
Enforcement Team?
– New recruits
– Veterans from other jurisdictions
– Individuals with vast or limited sexual violence
exposure
Vicarious Trauma/Secondary Trauma
39
• The effects of vicarious trauma on an individual
resemble those of traumatic experiences.
• Vicarious trauma includes significant disruptions in
one’s tolerance, psychological needs, beliefs about
self and others and interpersonal relationships.
• Vicarious traumatization results from empathetic
engagement with traumatic experiences.
FBI Bulletin – July 2011
Vicarious Trauma
40
Negative situations affect individuals differently.
Consideration should be given to include discussion
regarding how First Responders/Law Enforcement
are affected by incidents.
Discuss opportunities/resources for First
Responders/Law Enforcement to deal with
frustration/stress.
• debriefing
Sources of Frustration
41
Issues that promote frustration for officers
• Relationships between campus teams
• Student perception of authority
• Limitations of duties
Use Training to Promote
Prevention Strategies
42
Developing proactive stance to safety
–
–
–
–
Police sponsored public service messages
Promotional safety events
Town meetings
Brown bag workshops
Final Thoughts
43
• Trainings should include follow-up activities.
• Training scenarios to support effective response.
Resources
44
“Shifting the Paradigm: Primary Prevention of Sexual Violence”
American College Health Association
www.acha.org/SexualViolence
The Center for Public Integrity, 2/10/2010 Report
http://www.publicintegrity.org/investigations/campus_assault/toolkit/
Vicarious Traumatization and Spirituality in Law Enforcement by Lynn A. Tovar,
Ed.D.
http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/law-enforcement-bulletin/july2011/vicarious-traumatization
Announcements
45
Webinar materials on CALCASA.org/campus
Campus Webinar – September 27th @ 11.00 a.m. PST
Judicial Affairs/Disciplinary Board topic
Progress Report due July 30th (GAN)
Acknowledgements
46
7
9
Teresa White-Walston
Webinar participants
U.S. Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women
California Coalition Against Sexual Assault
East Central Oklahoma University
Kentucky Domestic Violence Association
Mississippi Coalition Against Sexual Assault