Chiang Kai-shek and the Whampoa
Military Academy
Take Two
Randolph Miller
Importance of Whampoa

Chiang said "Whampoa was personally created by Mr. Sun. It is his only legacy.”
Overview of Whampoa
•Official name is Nationalist Party of China Army Officer Academy
•Opened on May 1, 1924
•produced many prestigious Chinese military commanders
•Graduates fought in Northern Expedition, Second Sino-Japanese
War, and Chinese Civil War
•Closed in 1926 after 6 terms and 7000 students
•Located on an island (Chanzhou or Whampoa?) near Canton
Canton is also called Guangzhou
http://www.diychinatours.com/china-guide/china-map-guide/guangzhou/guangzhous-location.htm
Location of Whampoa
http://www.navyandmarine.org/ondeck/BarrierFortsPictures/CantonHarbor.gif
Reasons For Whampoa
•China was fragmented by warlords
•Sun Yat-sen launched Northern Campaign to try and unite China under
Three Principles of the People
•Sun Yat-sen was worried his military was weaker than the militaries of
the warlords
•Western powers wouldn’t provide Sun with support
•Money for construction and support was provided by the Soviets
Military Training at Whampoa
•Basic training for infantry
•Artillery
•Engineering
•Communication
•Logistical
•Machine gun
Mar
th
20
incident
•Also called Zhongshan Warship incident
•Mar 20, 1926 Chiang Kai-shek was almost kidnapped
•In May 1926 Chiang excluded communists from the Whampoa
Military Academy because of this
Whampoa Soviet Officers
Soviet officers gave lectures at the academy
Taught history of military thought
A.S. Bubnov
Not shown:
•G.I. Gilev
•S.N. Naumov
M.I. Dratvin
http://www.allcollection.net/russia-5087-year-1984-anniversary-of-thebirth-of-as-bubnov-state-official~x23166615
http://www.pseudology.org/colonels/DratvinMI.htm
Liao Zhongkai
Representative of KMT to the academy
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Liao_Zhongkai2.jpg
http://ookaboo.com/o/pictures/picture/11703178/Liao_Zhongkai1877__1925
Whampoa founding ceremony, 1924
Liao Zhongkai
Chiang Kai-shek
Sun Yat-sen
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Whampoa3.jpg
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/5062007131230.jpg
Henk Sneevliet
•A representative from Comintern (Communist International)
•(Henk Sneevliet using the name Maring) met with Sun in
Guangxi and proposed the military academy
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com
mons/8/8a/Henk-sneevliet.gif
http://www.histomil.com/viewtopic.php?f=94&t=188
http://www.iisg.nl/collections/sneevliet/
Guangxi
•A representative from Communist International (Henk Sneevliet using the name
Maring) met with Sun in Guangxi and proposed the military academy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:China_Guangxi.svg
Zhou Enlai
(political department instructor)
Zhou vigorously extended communist influence at the academy
Had to leave Whampoa in May 1926 with the rest of the communists
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kissinger_Mao.jpg
Henry
Kissinger
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/1924_Zhou_
Enlai_in_National_Revolutionary_Army_uniform2.jpg
Zhou
Enlai
Mao
Zedong
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Zhou_Enl
ai_MeiyuanXincun17_Nanjing_1946.jpg
Hu Hanming
(political department instructor)
Hu Hanming
Chiang Kai-shek
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Hu_Hanming3.jpg
http://guides.library.yale.edu/content.php?pid=47735&sid=357059
Wang Jingwei
(political department instructor)
AKA Wang Ching-wei
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Wang_Jingwei.png
http://www.zyzyo.com/2011/04/traitors-who-committed-treachery/
He Yingqin (military instructor)
•Was picked by Chiang because Chiang knew of He’s talent
•Also “general instructor” of the academy
•Led a regiment of students from the academy as colonel to
fight against the warlord Chen Jiongming
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Ho_Ying-chin.jpg
http://www.qwiki.com/q/#!/He_Yingqin
Lin Biao (communist graduate)
•Graduated from Whampoa in 1925
•Also goes by Lin Yurong
•In National Revolutionary Army participated in Northern Expedition
•Went from Deputy Platoon Leader to Battalion Commander
•Became one of the Red Army’s best battlefield commanders
•Commenting on Mao’s circlings during The Long March to evade Chiang “the
campaign had begun to look like one of Walt Disney's early cartoons in which
Mickey Mouse again and again escaped the clutches of the huge, stupid cat."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lin_Biao1.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lin_Biao_Blue_Sky_White_Sun.jpg
http://kaixin.com.au/jiang-gu-shi/2008/8/19/lin-biao.html
Xu Xiangqian (communist graduate)
Admitted to Whampoa in 1924
Served in National Revolutionary Army
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xu_xiangqian1.jpg
http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Long-March/Long-March-Xu-Xiangqian.html
Zuo Quan (communist graduate)
Became communist commander
http://www.generals.dk/general/Zuo_Quan/_/China.html
http://english.chinamil.com.cn/site2/special-reports/2005-08/11/content_270858.htm
Chen Cheng (Nationalist graduate)
•Entered Whampoa in 1924
•Participated in Northern Expedition
with National Revolutionary Army
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Chen_cheng.jpg
http://www.ask.com/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_Republic_of_China
Du Yuming (Nationalist graduate)
Du was a graduate of
the first cadet class of
Whampoa
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Du_yuming.jpg
Xue Yue (Nationalist graduate)
•Graduate from Whampoa
•One of the most effective nationalist commanders
in the Northern Expedition
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/Sitok.png
http://www.generals.dk/general/Xue_Yue/_/China.html
http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?f=101&t=83297&p=751955
Hu Zongnan (Nationalist graduate)
•In the first graduating class of Whampoa in 1924
•Took part in Northern Expedition
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Hu_Zongnan.jpg
Modern pictures of Whampoa
http://academic.mu.edu/meissnerd/whampoa.htm
http://wapedia.mobi/en/Whampoa_Academy
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Huangpu_Xueshengsushe.JPG