Open Access Journals in Latin America
Abel L. Packer
SciELO / FAPESP Program, Director
Federal University of São Paulo Foundation, Advisor on Information and Communication on Science
6th COASP 2014, UNESCO, 17-19 September 2014
Latin America is the region that proportionally
1/4
publishes more scientific research in open access
2013 - WoS Core Collection - 1.6 million articles, review articles and proceeding papers
OA?
NO
YES
Total
Total
articles
1 465 212
181 470
1 646 682
Articles
Total recs
in journals of LA
Articles
Total recs
in journals of LA
%
89%
11%
73%
27%
Western
Europe
89%
11%
5%
31%
LA
100%
USA
BRICS
China
Brazil
91%
9%
88%
12%
90%
10%
68%
32%
25%
26%
17%
3%
Total
76 453
15 662
Latin American
OA
% total
100%
21 024
27%
20%
13 886
89%
% of OA
100%
66%
Total
42 328
10 934
Brazil
OA
100%
13 415
26%
9 909
% of OA
100%
74%
% total
32%
91%
Latin America is the region that proportionally
2/4
publishes more scientific research in open access
DOAJ Articles, September 2014
Articles
Country
n
%
Latin America
535 439
31%
Brazil
328 913
19%
United Kingdom
183 301
11%
United States
102 146
6%
India
88 673
5%
Spain
83 190
5%
Egypt
76 149
4%
Germany
66 878
4%
Switzerland
63 106
4%
Colombia
54 718
3%
Chile
42 289
2%
Mexico
41 728
2%
Scopus Journal List, June 2014
Country
Not OA
OA
Total
Total
Latin America
United Kingdom
United States
Brazil
Egypt
India
Spain
Japan
Poland
Turkey
Chile
New Zealand
Germany
18292
238
4086
5408
93
23
269
296
341
219
89
16
46
1282
2583
443
261
261
220
143
135
119
97
80
73
65
64
63
20875
681
4347
5669
313
166
404
415
438
299
162
81
110
1345
% of
country
12%
65%
6%
5%
70%
86%
33%
29%
22%
27%
45%
80%
58%
5%
% total
100.0%
17.2%
10.1%
10.1%
8.5%
5.5%
5.2%
4.6%
3.8%
3.1%
2.8%
2.5%
2.5%
2.4%
Latin America is the region that proportionally
3/4
publishes more scientific research in open access
Top Portals, July 2014
World
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
20
26
Visibi- Files
Portal
lity
Rich
ResearchGate
3
2
1
Academia.edu
5
1
28
Scientific Electronic Library Online Brazil SciELO Brazil
4
3
5
DIALNET
8
4
3
HAL Hyper Article en Ligne
7
9
2
DiVA Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet Academic Archive On-line
11
10
6
Scientific Electronic Library Online Chile SciELO Chile
13
13
19
Berkeley Electronic Press Bepress
2
7
41
Scientific Electronic Library Online SciELO
48
8
48
Érudit Consortium interuniversitaire
35
17
7
Thèses en Ligne TEL
25
18
12
(1) RedALyC Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España
36 y Portugal
15
4
Revues.org
15
5
67
Scientific Electronic Library Online Mexico SciELO México
9
25
32
SciELO Public Health
12
27
25
Scientific Electronic Library Online España SciELO España
80
26
31
Scientific Electronic Library Online Cuba SciELO Cuba
51
33
46
PePSIC Portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia
65
42
36
Country
Size
scholar
1
4
2
3
5
6
7
32
25
15
16
24
53
10
9
8
14
17
Latin America is the region that proportionally
publishes more scientific research in open access
SciELO Network – September 2014
Year
started
• 16 years of regular operation
1998
• Management & funding
2000
• national research council / ministry
• public funding
• development - scientific committee
2001
2003
• 16 country collections
•
•
•
•
13 LA, Portugal, Spain, South Africa
4 still in development
~ 1 000 journals
~ 500 000 articles
• ~ 500 000 downloads per day – Brazil
estimated 1 million per day all
( COUNTER Code of Principles)
2004
2005
2006
2009
Number of
Collections
Certified
In Development
Journals Indexed
All1
Active2
Certified3
1
Brazil
332
279
279
2
Chile
106
94
94
3
Costa Rica
19
14
14
16
16
16
4
4
Public Health
5
Cuba
50
46
46
6
Spain
56
38
38
7
Venezuela
56
31
31
8
Mexico
138
119
119
9
Argentina
110
103
103
10
Colombia
168
168
168
11
Peru
17
16
16
12
Portugal
51
37
37
12
12
-
33
-
-
13
14
Uruguay
Social Sciences
15
West Indian
1
1
-
16
Bolivia
15
15
-
17
Paraguay
8
8
-
46
46
46
1222
1031
995
18
2014
Collections
4/4
18
South Africa
Total Network
Foundations and drivers
Salvador Declaration on Open Access: The Developing World Perspective
“Open access means unrestricted access to and use of scientific information. …
“Open Access promotes equity. …”
“ …. agree that:
• requiring that publicly funded research is made available through Open
Access;
• considering the cost of publication as part of the cost of research;
• strengthening the local OA journals, repositories and other relevant initiatives;
• promoting integration of developing countries scientific information in the
worldwide body of knowledge.
We call on all stakeholders in the international community to work together to
ensure that scientific information is openly accessible and freely available to all,
forever.”
International Seminar on Open Access for Developing Countries
Salvador, 21 September 2005
1/2
Foundations and drivers
Salvador Declaration on Open Access: The Developing World Perspective
International cooperation – United Nations agencies and United States and Canada Agencies
Bibliographic indexes - Network approach – modus operandi – by thematic areas
Early adoption of IT&C – powered by UNESCO CDS / ISIS
Common economic, social cultural conditions
Increase of national research outuput – increase o number nationally published journals
--- evaluation of journals – as research object and ranking for financing
--- need for citation index to complement international indexes
2/2
However, …
LA journals performance is questionable
1/2
Distribution of the Scimago Journal Ranking by major scientific area
Major area
journals
Median
Health Sciences
Social Sciences
Physcial Sciences
Life Sciences
6654
7395
6690
4289
0.299
0.247
0.423
0.577
Scopus, Journal List, June 2014
LA
journals
223
238
123
160
q1
0.0%
0.8%
0.8%
0.0%
percentage in
q2
q3
19%
31%
12%
37%
11%
26%
6%
41%
q4
49%
50%
62%
54%
Political & administrative constraints
Public and institutional policies on scientific communication
Access to journals, books, database – national portals / consortia
Research communication and evaluation – high ranked journals,
- scientific productivism
Journals nationally published – SciELO and others
Journals of Latin America are integral part of the national research and educational systems
> 95% of journals published by universities, societies, R&D institutions
~ 100% non profit, only few journals are auto-sustainable
Fragmentation – one publisher per journal – lack of critical mass, innovation
Still lacking professionalism, openness, internationalization, ….
LA journals main characteristics
Communicate an important set of national research results ~20%
Nationally and internationally oriented research
publish in 50% of the 251 WoS thematic categories
> 70% downloads at national level
~ 100% national editor-in-chief – most active researchers
> 80% of national associate editors and peer-reviewers
30% English journals of Spanish speaking countries
55% English journals of Brazil
mainly national authors and reduced international collaboration
SciELO Program and SciELO Network
- The way forward – Lines of Action
1/5
SciELO 15 Years Conference, October 22-25, São Paulo, www.scielo15.org
Discuss the state of the art in Open Access scholarly communication and the challenges
faced in improving developing countries academic journals and the SciELO Program
3 main Lines of action – next 3 years - 2015-2017
professionalization
internationalization
sustainable financing
build a shared - common platform
of certified products and services
for journal editing and publishing
SciELO Program and SciELO Network
- The way forward – Lines of Action
2/5
Common platform of methods, products and services
• Manuscript processing, text editing and formatting, Indexing, publishing and interoperability, metrics
• Technology – main platform is open-source, Web-Mobile interfaces, add-on services
• Free or payee
• National and international companies
• Publishers can produce their journal in house, hire part or the entire production
• Upload to SciELO server contents on XML JATS-SciELO Schema, PDF and ePUB files
• Services - following international state of the art
• Minimize costs
• Article processing based budget
SciELO Program and SciELO Network
- The way forward – Lines of Action
3/5
Internationalization - dimensions
• editorial board
• manuscript processing
Indexing criteria
applied by thematic areas and whole collection
• language
Ex. SciELO Brazil – by 2016:
• authorship
English - minimum, recommended % of articles
- 80, 85% biological and medical sciences
- 70, 85% physical sciences
- 20, 30% humanities and social sciences
- 60, 75% all the collection
SciELO Program and SciELO Network
- The way forward – Lines of Action
Funding – mix of sources
• institution responsible
• research agencies
• sponsors
• APC
Towards autonomous financing
 US$ 150 – 200.00 per article
4/5
APC Model for SciELO Journals- preliminary analysis 1/2
Entities involved
Description
Author
Institution
Journal
Agency
SciELO
NFund
Anyone of the paper's authors
Author's affiliation
Journal's publisher
Funding agency (e.g. FAPESP)
SciELO Brazil
National Fund
APC components
fraction
fraction correspoding to each author
APC journal
Journal charge - can be zero
APC SciELO
SciELO charge by article by journals based
on number of chars, figs, refs and tables. It
includes also the value of the APC
collector system
APC Fund
yearly contribution to Nfund by
institutions and funding agencies
APC Model for SciELO Journals- preliminary analysis 2/2
transactions of APC between entities
Sources of
Payment
Author
Author
Journal
SciELO
Institution
Institution
Agency
Agency
NFund
NFund
Receivers of APCs
Author
Journal
SciELO
fAPC-T
fAPC-T
Institution
Agency
NFund
fAPC-J
fAPC-S
fAPC-J
fAPC-T
fAPC-T
fAPC-T
fAPC-J
fAPC-J
fAPC-S
fAPC-T
fAPC-T
fAPC-T
fAPC-J
fAPC-J
fAPC-S
fAPC-T
fAPC-T
fAPC-T
fAPC-J
fAPC-J
fAPC-S
Types of payment
cash - credit card
PayPal and similar
cash - bank order
code - credit
iAPC-F
aAPC-F
SciELO Program and SciELO Network
- The way forward – Lines of Action
5/5
Evaluation – multidimensional framework
• degree of professionalization, internationalization and financing sustainability
• citations – SciELO Citation Index / WoS : SciELO + WoS journals
• Google Metrics
• WoS and Scopus – as a reference only
• downloads
• social networks - altmetrics
Discussion and Conclusion
LA journals are essential ... Golden Open access consolidated
...[but] questioned by the cycle (performance valuation) ...
National – International Orientation
international indexing
proper balance: English – Spanish - Portuguese
authorship
management
5 a 10 journals of international reference – Q1 in international indexes
Public funding – change the centrality to authors
Salvador Declaration on Open Access: The Developing World Perspective
Thank you !
www.scielo.org
abel.packer@scielo.org