The Stuarts
Mary Stuart
James I, the Gunpowder Plot
Charles I, the Civil War
Oliver Cromwell, the Commonwealth
Charles II, the Plague, the Great Fire of London
Mary Stuart
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Queen of Scots from 14
December 1542 to 24
July 1567.
Five-year-old Mary was
sent to France in 1548.
Mary Stuart married
Francis at the age of 17.
In 1565 she married her
first cousin, Lord
Darnley.
Mary (age 17) and
Francis (age 15)
Mary Stuart
• Darnley murdered Rizzio
in front of the pregnant Mary.
• Their son, James, was born
on 19 June 1566.
• 1567 Lord Darnley was
murdered.
Lord Darnley
Mary Stuart
• Mary and Bothwell got
married at the Palace of
Holyroodhouse.
• Scottish people made Mary's
son, James, the King of
Scotland.
• Queen of Scots, was executed
on February 8, 1587.
• Mary loved animals and her
little Skye terrier was her
only friend in prison.
Bothwell
James I
• James I was King of Scotland and King of
England and Ireland
• He became king in Scotland from 24 July 1567
• Ruled England, Scotland, and Ireland for 22
years
• Used the title King of Great Britain
James I
• Wanted to establish a permanent Union of the
Crowns under one monarch.
• Found great difficulty in gaining
acceptance as a king.
• Came to the throne at the peak
of monarchical power.
The Gunpowder Plot
• Took place in 1605.
• The plot intended to kill the king by blowing
up the Houses of Parliament.
Charles I
• He was the King of England,
Scotland and Ireland from
27 March 1625 until his
execution on 30 January 1649
• He took many actions during
his rule that caused
widespread opposition
• Charles was executed for high
treason
The English Civil War
• The Great Rebellion started in 1641 and ended
in 1651.
• The Civil War ended
at the Battle of
Worcester.
• The English monarchy
was first replaced with the Commonwealth of
England and afterwards with a Protectorate.
Oliver Cromwell
• Born on April 25, 1599
• English military and
political leader
• Lord Protector of England,
Scotland, and Ireland.
• Born in to an influential
and wealthy family.
• Educated at Huntingdon
grammar school
• Had no significant role in
national politics before the
Civil War
Oliver Cromwell
• Created and led a superb force of cavalry, the
'Ironsides‘
• Rose from the rank of captain to lieutenant-general
in three years
• Was a prime mover in execution of Charles I
• Defeated the supporters of the king's son Charles II
• Ended the civil war
• Refused the offer of the crown.
• Died on 3 September 1658 in London
The Commonwealth
• Was the name given to England when it became a
republic.
• The country was ruled by a committee of
Parliament.
• In 1653 Oliver Cromwell dissolved Parliament
and ended the Commonwealth.
Charles II
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Born in 29.05.1630
Crowned in 29.05.1660
Died in 06.02.1685
King of England,
Scotland and Ireland
• Was known as the Merrie
Monarch
• Converted to Roman
Catholicism on his
deathbed
The Great Plague of London
• 1665 – 1666
• Brought death to
~100,000 people
• Stronger than
“the Black Death“
• ~40,000 dogs and
~200,000 cats were
killed
The Great Plague of London
The Great Fire of London
• Began on the night of 02.09.1666 on Pudding
Lane
• London was built of wood
• 6 people died
• ~80% of the city was destroyed: 13,000 houses;
89 churches; 52 Guild Halls
• Helped to end the Great Plague
The Great Fire of London
Thank you.
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Rain Laansalu
Kaido Kallas
Kätlin Lill
Karl Kangur
Karl Hendrik Lindmaa