高
一 英
语
Module 2 Unit 1
Grammar(2)
授课教师：蒋
立
耘
• Structures connected with the present
perfect tense:
1) It is (has been) +a period of time
+since-clause.
2)This (That/It) is the first (second…) time
+ that-clause (present perfect tense).
3)This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most
interesting … + that-clause. (present
perfect tense).
the Present Perfect Continuous
Tense
现在完成进行时态
Form: have / has + been +doing
present perfect
_________________________________________
past perfect
past
now
future
present perfect continuous
_________________________________________
past perfect
past
now
future
The boy started having dinner five
minutes ago.
He is still having dinner now.
The boy ________________
has been having (have)
dinner since five minutes ago.
The man started working in the
field half an hour ago.
He is still working now.
has been working (work) in
The man __________________
the field for half an hour.
Summary 1:
1.We use the present perfect continuous
tense to talk about actions that started
in the past and are still continuing.
I have not been sleeping well since I
returned home.
I returned home. I’m still not sleeping well.
not being able to sleep well
past
present
Summary 2:
We also use the present perfect
continuous tense to talk about actions
that have just finished but are still
connected to the present in some way.
---Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting
long?
---Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour.
P.9
P.10 Comparison
Please read Notes1-4
on Page 10 carefully.
Present perfect or present perfect
continuous tense?
Li Jia has been reading a
book about Stonehenge.
She is still reading the book.
Li Jia has read a book
about Stonehenge.
She finished reading the book.
She knows the content of the book now.
Note:
We use the present perfect tense to
talk about an action completed in the
recent past, and the present prefect
continuous tense for an action that
started in the past and is still
happening.
She __________
has visited (visit)
Japan twice this month.
He _______________
has been touring (tour)
America for two months.
Note: The present perfect continuous
tense can’t be used with time
expressions such as twice or how
many times, because in this tense the
action is continuous, not stopped and
started again. We can use the present
perfect tense for repeated actions, and
the present perfect continuous
tense for non-stop actions.
How long ______________________
have you been swimming
(swim) in the lake?
How many times
_______________
have you swum
(swim) in the lake?
Note: We usually use the present
perfect tense to ask questions
beginning with how many/much,
and the present perfect continuous
tense to ask questions beginning
with how long.
A state verb or an action verb?
1)She has had the pen for 2 years.
state verb
2)She has written many compositions
with this pen.
action verb
3)She has been writing compositions
with this pen.
action verb
An action means something happening
or changing. A state means something
staying the same. Some examples of
action verbs are do, go, and play. Some
examples of state verbs are like, know
and exist.
Note: We can use either a state verb or
an action with the present perfect tense,
but we usually can only use an action
verb with the present perfect
continuous tense. A state verb doesn’t
mean an action, so it can’t be used in a
continuous tense.
• They’ve always had a big garden.
• How long have you known each other?
• He’s been in hospital since his
accident.
I’ve never visited Tibet.
I’ve already
been to Tibet.
Note:
We use the present perfect tense,
not the present perfect continuous
tense, with the words like always,
never, yet, already and ever.
How long have you been
learning English?
How long have you
learnt English?
It has rained for It has been raining
a long time.
for a long time.
Note: An action which began in the
past and is still continuing or has
only just finished can, with certain
verbs, be expressed by either the
present perfect or present perfect
continuous. Verbs which can be used
in this way include expect, hope,
learn, lie, live, sleep, sit,
study, wait, want, snow, etc.
P.11
Multiple choice
( ) 1. Although he has lived with us
for years, he _________ us much
impression.
A. hadn’t left
B. didn’t leave
C. doesn’t leave D. hasn’t left
( ) 2. How can you possibly miss the
news? It ___________ on TV all day
long.
A. has been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
( ) 3.---- _____ Dad and Vicky _____
married?
A. How long were, being
B. How long, have
C. How long have, been
D. How long did, get
( ) 4. ---- How long ______ at the job?
---- Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you been employed
( ) 5. I wonder why Jenny ____ us
recently. We should have heard from
her by now.
A.hasn’t written B. doesn’t write
C. won’t write
D. hadn’t written
1.Review the Grammar we have
learned in Unit 1.
2.Finish A and B on P11; C1 and C2
on P88.
3.Preview Task.