Wireless Sensor Networks
CS 4501
Professor Jack Stankovic
Department of Computer Science
Fall 2010
Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor
Networks
Self-Organizing
• Sensors
• Actuators
• CPUs/Memory
• Wireless Radio
• Power Limited
Mica2 and Mica2Dot
• ATMega 128L 8-bit, 8MHz, 4KB EEPROM, 4KB
RAM, 128KB flash
• Chipcon CC100 multi-channel radio (Manchester
encoding, FSK). From 10-20 ft. up to 500-1000ft.
Sensor Board
Exciting Potential
• Will affect all our lives!
• The next Internet!
• MANET (mobility)
• WSN (sensing)
• Swarms (scale)
• Pervasive Computing
• Cyber Physical Systems
Wireless
Body Sensor Technology
Commercially Available
Galvanic skin response and
pressure-sensitive smart shirt
that senses anxiety
Sonar Jacket to detect objects
for the blind
Climate-sensitive Dress
senses levels of CO2
Body Sensor Technology
Commercially Available
Pedometer”in Nike shoe gives
distance, pace, calories
burned during run – interfaces
with iPod, iPhone
Heart rate monitors that
interface with iPhone
Babyglow clothes
change color when your
baby has a temperature!
Northface jacket that
senses and adjusts body
temperature
Exciting Potential
• The Internet Gets Physical
• “Sensing technologies will be one of the
hallmarks of this century”
• 1980 => decade of microcomputers
• 1990 => decade of the Internet
• 2000 => decade of WSN
Global Sensor Networks
Programming
Station
Omnix Physical
Network
Server
Local
Transport
Protocol
The Physicalnet
Internet
Server
Local
Transport
Protocol
Nodes
Nodes
Omnix Physical
Network
Purpose of this Course (1)
• Learn key ideas, principles, solutions and
open research questions
• Get you to think differently
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–
–
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Decentralized algorithms
Swarms -> Aggregate behavior
Spatial (geographic) – Temporal (real-time)
Minimum capacity devices
• New system constraints
– Environment interaction
• Real-time systems
Purpose of this Course
• Hands on experience with WSN
• Learn to program such devices/systems
• Practical: Start your own company?
Purpose of Course
• More like a real job
– Not single topic (let’s study calculus, Java,
etc.)
• Multi-disciplinary
– Not solely from a textbook
• New HW, new language, new tools, new
concepts, …
– There will be significant material
presented in class that is not in the
reading
Course Outline (1)
• Introduction
– Logistics and Motivation
• Sensors and Hardware
• Wireless Communications
• How to Program
– NesC, TinyOS and TOSSIM
• MAC protocols (B-MAC and MMAC)
Course Outline (2)
• Routing (geographic based; multi-hop)
– GF, DSR, AODV, DD, SPEED, RAP, IGF
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•
•
•
•
•
Clock Synchronization
Localization
Power Management
Programming Abstractions
Application to Home Health Care
Summary
Logistics
• Prerequisites:
– Networking (recommended)
– OS and architecture helpful
– Need to know C (or learn on your own)
• Reading
– Text
• H. Karl and A. Willig, Protocols and Architectures for
Wireless Sensor Networks, Wiley, 2007.
– Papers from the literature
Logistics
• Grading
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–
–
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Homework - 10%
Exam 1 - 20%
Exam 2 - 20%
Programming Assignments – 40%
Final Homework – 10%
Logistics
• Labs (Room 002a)
– L0: Intro (no credit, necessary for all labs)
• Compile, link, download, run
• Mechanics
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–
–
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L1: Simple Sensing and Actuating – 10%
L2: Wireless Communications – 10%
L3: Synchronization – 10%
L4: Flash Memory and Queries – 10%
Logistics
• Class – M. – W. 2-3:15
• Location – MEC 341
• Office Hours (may change)
• By appt
• M 1-2
• W 3:30-4:30
• TA – tbd
• Web Page
– http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~cs451
Logistics
• URL of interest
– http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos
More Motivation
• 1998
– 100 million processors for workstations
– 6.4 billion for embedded systems
– approximately - 2% for workstations
• 2006
– approximately 0% for workstations
• Ubiquitous computing (seemless, invisible,
pervasive, amorphous, …)
– wireless sensor networks
• HP Announces – trillions of sensors to create a
worldwide central nervous system
The field is exploding
Application
Spectrum
Interactive VR
Game
Environmental Monitoring
Wearable
Computing
Disaster Recovery
Earth Science &
Exploration
Transportation
Wireless Sensor
Networks
Hazard
Detection
Military Surveillance
Context-Aware
Computing
Biological
Monitoring
Smart
Environment
Medical
Domain
Urban Warfare
More Applications
• Location Services
• RFID
• Integrate mobile phones, RFID, sensor
nets, Internet
• Universal Device (mobile phone with
sensors, computing, …) ??
• Cyber Physical Systems