Secretariat for the Pacific Regional
Environment Programme (SPREP)
Kosi Latu – Deputy Secretary General
 21
Pacific Island Countries
including US and French
Territories
 5 Metropolitan countries –
Australia, France, New Zealand,
United Kingdom, and the United
States
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1.
2.
Pacific Island Forum Leaders various
declarations have consistently stated
that the adverse impact of climate
change is potentially the most serious
long term threat to the survival and
livelihood of Pacific people
Recognized the close relationship
between climate change and
sustainable development efforts
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Three Negotiation Tracks
AWG-LCA: Ad-hoc Working Group on Long-term
Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA): launched in 2007),
due to finish in 2012
ADP: Ad-hoc Working Group on the Durban
Platform for Enhanced Action: launched in 2011,
due to finish in 2015.
AWG-KP: Ad-hoc Working Group on Further
Commitments for Annex I Parties: launched in
2005, needs to finish in 2012
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1.
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
Ad-hoc Working Group On the Long Term
Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA)
Launched in 2007 under the Bali Action
Plan to conduct a comprehensive process
to enable the full and sustained
implementation of the Convention
through long term action up to and
beyond 2012
Mandated by COP 17 (Durban) to
terminate in at COP 18(Doha)
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Doha needs to address all outstanding issues
under the Bali Action Plan
Disagreement as to whether more work is
needed to successfully conclude the work of
the AWG-LCA
AOSIS, LDCs & some Developing Countries
emphasize the need for progress towards
operationalization of various institutions and
bodies established under Cancun and Durban –
e.g. GCF, Adaptation Committee etc
Successful conclusion of the AWG-LCA at Doha
is required
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2. Ad-hoc Working Group on the Durban
Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP)


Agreed to start a process leading to the
adoption of a new Protocol, another legal
instrument or an agreed outcome with legal
force no later than 2015 to be effective by
2020
This new process will now focus on doing in
2015 what it failed to do in 2009 in
Copenhagen – reaching an agreement to
succeed the Kyoto Protocol
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•
Process to develop “a protocol, legal instrument or
agreed outcome with legal force”, adopted in 2015,
apply from 2020
 cover mitigation, adaptation, finance, tech,
transparency
 “under the Convention”
“applicable to all” – symmetry vs differentiation?
ADP process “shall raise ambition” – Ambition
Work-plan
•
Treaty-level instrument (Protocol), or COP
decisions?
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


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Agreement on 2 work-streams post
2020 and pre-2020 ambition
Work stream on enhancing mitigation
ambition during the pre-2020 timeframe
AOSIS and LDCs and others particularly
support enhancing mitigation ambition
now and before 2020
AOSIS priority is to close the “ambition
gap”
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



Differences within G77 and China block
Attempts to revise common but differentiated
– Does the Bali Action Plan “ differentiation”
still apply? Valid or out of date?
“Applicable to all” – universality of application
or uniformity application; fair application?
Developed countries increasingly referring to
current socio-economic realities, flexible and
dynamic structures to evolve over time to
promote increasing ambition as countries’
capabilities and confidence grow
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


COP 17(Durban) – Parties agreed to a 2nd
Commitment period starting 1 January
2013
1st Commitment Period of 5 years (20082012) finishes December 2012
Length of the 2nd Commitment Period – At
Durban, Parties could not agree – options
- either 5 years or 8 years
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
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

Pacific island countries prefer a 5 year period
as anticipated under the structure of Kyoto
Protocol
Crucial to link the 2nd Commitment Period to
periodic scientific reviews which are typically
5 to 7 years e.g. IPPC 5th Assessment Report
to be published in 2013 and 2014
This will allow countries to act on the new
science in the AR5
A 2nd Commitment Period of 8 years implies
that it would take another 6 years before
action is taken on the new science
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
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Avoiding a lock-in of low ambition for 8 years
Pledges for 2012 are clearly insufficient to
bring down the level of emissions necessary
to bring down warming below 2 º or 1.5 º
EU proposal of 8 years with a mid-term
review and adjustment of targets
Adjustment of commitments will mean renegotiation and re-ratification by
Governments before it is considered binding.
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•
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Complex and fragmented landscape.
Overlap and duplication instead of
complementarity
Various channels: Multilateral Development
Banks, Regional Development Banks, Regional
& Bilateral initiatives/arrangements
All have different scale, focus, mission,
procedures, governance system and criteria
and delivery modalities
Makes access complicated
Makes tracking of finance flows difficult
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Fast Start Finance (USD 30 billion) comes to an
end in 2012
No clarity how the mobilization towards USD 100
billion in 2020 will be sequenced, no pathway
defined
Developing countries advocating for a mid-term
target in 2015 to provide re-assurance and
predictability (AOSIS proposal in Bangkok)
Long Term Finance Work-programme to provide
input on the way forward on sources: Report of
the Co-Chairs of the Long Term Finance stream
will be submitted to COP18
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Pacific Island countries seek access to
climate change financing
commensurate with climate change
needs
 GCF needs to be operationalised
 Mobilization of Funds will take a few
more years
 First Report by the GCF Board to COP
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COP 16 (Cancun) – Agreement to establish
the Adaptation Committee
Work Programme on loss and damage
Durban Platform – Parties agreed to
advance the implementation of the Cancun
Adaptation Framework by agreeing on
activities to be undertaken under the WorkProgramme of loss and damage
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
Successful closure of AWG-LCA in
Doha
Establishment of an international
mechanism to address loss and
damage
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COP 18 to adopt a decision in Doha to establish an
international mechanism to address loss and
damage with three mutually reinforcing
components:
1. An insurance component;
2. A rehabilitation/compensation component;
3. A risk management component.
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