DIRECT SPEECH
SUBJECT
REPORTING VERB DIRECT SPEECH
He
said,
“Drink milk”
“Don’t drink
coffee”
INDIRECT SPEECH
SUBJECT
REPORTING
VERB
NOUN /
PRONOUN
INDIRECT
SPEECH
He
told
said
her
to drink milk
Not to drink
milk
GRAMMAR
DIRECT SPEECH
EXPLANATION
INDIRECT SPEECH
1.How to do?
Without using the exact
words.
No quotation marks.
2. in writing
States the exact
words.
Quotation mark.
3. Say or tell =
√
simple past tense “Drink warm milk.”
he said
4. Negative
Infinitive (not
+ infinitive
“ Don’t go.”
√
He told her to drink warm
milk.
He said to drink warm
milk.
He told her not to go.
GRAMMAR
DIRECT SPEECH
EXPLANATION
INDIRECT SPEECH
5. Indirect speech imperatives use the
infinitive the report:
A. Instruction
B. Commands
C. Requests
D. Invitations
“Come early.” he
said
“Wait”
“Could you please
arrive by 8:00?”
“Could you join us
for lunch?”
He said to come early.
he told me to wait.
She asked him to arrive
by 8:00.
She invited me to join
them for lunch.
GRAMMAR
DIRECT
INDIRECT SPEECH
EXPLANASPEECH
TION
6. Make the changes to keep the speaker’s original
meaning
A. Change
He told Ann to tell
He said to Ann,
pronouns
him her phone
“Tell me your
and
number.
phone number”
possessives
B. Change
“Call me
She said to call her
time phrases. tomorrow.”
the next day.
C. Change
“Sign this from She told him to sign
this and
here”
that from there.
there.
DIRECT SPEECH
SUBJECT (S)
REPORTING
VERB (RV)
DIRECT SPEECH
She
said,
“I like the dress.”
“I bough it on sale”
“I’ve worn it twice.”
INDIRECT SPEECH
S
RV
She told
said
NOUN /
PRONOUN
INDIRECT SPEECH
Jim
me
She liked the dress.
(that) She had bought it on
sale.
She had worn it twice.
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
Simple present
He said, “It’s great.”
Simple past
He said it was great.
Present progressive
“I’m leaving.”
Past progressive
She said that she was
leaving.
Simple past
“I made it.”
Past perfect
He said that he had made
it.”
Present perfect
He said to her, “I’ve never
lied.”
Past perfect
He told her that he had
never lied.
DIRECT SPEECH
SUBJECT (S)
REPORTING
VERB (RV)
DIRECT SPEECH
He
asked,
“Do you have any
experience?”
“Can you use computer?”
INDIRECT SPEECH
S
RV
NOUN /
INDIRECT SPEECH
PRONOUN
He
asked
Jim
me
if
He had any experience.
whether I could use computer.
DIRECT SPEECH
SUBJECT (S)
He
REPORTING
VERB (RV)
asked,
DIRECT SPEECH
“Who told you about the job?”
“When do you want to start?”
INDIRECT SPEECH
S
RV
NOUN /
PRONOUN
INDIRECT SPEECH
He
asked
Jim
me
who had told him about the job.
when I wanted to start.