Materi Kuliah
Manajemen
Proyek
INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM
1
PROJECT CONTROL
2
PROJECT CONTROL
The process of keeping the project on target and as close
to plan as feasibly posible is the subject control :
1.Planning concentrats on setting goals and direction, control guides
the work toward those goals.
2.Planning allocate resources,control ensures effective on going
utilization of those resources,
3.Planning antisipates the problems,control corrects the problems.
4.Planning motivates participants to achieve goals,control rewards
achievement of goals.
THE CONTROL PROCESS
The process is achieved in three phases, setting performance
standards, comparing this standards with actual performance, then
taking necessary correction action.
INFORMATION MONITORING
1.Data collecting
2.Information reporting
3
EVALUASI PROYEK
Dalam kegiatan proyek ,Proyek Manajer harus
melakukan :
1. Pengecekan kegiatan
2. Melakukan evaluasi
3. Melakukan koreksi
sehingga pencapaian proyek (jadwal, biaya, prestasi
fisik) dapat dijaga sesuai target.
METODA EVALUASI PROYEK
1.Formative Evaluation
Dilakukan selama perjalanan proyek
2.Summary Evaluation
Dilakukan setelah proyek selesai
INFORMASI UTAMA DALAM EVALUASI PROYEK
1.Graphics (Chart & Tabel)
2.Laporan (Lisan & Tulisan)
3.Observasi
4.Review Meeting
4
Controlling Cash
1. Control during the life of projecek : plan, publish, measure,
compare, report, forecast, and correct.
2. Budget preparation : data collection, WBS, cost centre codes,
3. System budget : budget , commited cost, actual cost.
Budgeted cost – Committed cost = Variance
Negative Variance means that :
1. Poor control
2. Extra unbudgetted works was included
3. Some activity cost were underestimated
5
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
1. Analisis Biaya dan Jadwal menggunakan Nilai Hasil
a. Budgeted Cost of the work scheduled (BCWS) yaitu
Jumlah anggaran yang disediakan untuk menyelesaikan kegiatan
yang telah ditargetkan
b. Actual Cost of the work Performed (ACWP) yaitu
Jumlah biaya aktual dari pekerjaan yang telah dilaksanakan
c. Budgeted Cost of the work Performed (BCWP) yaitu :
Jumlah dana yang telah dikeluarkan untuk menyelesaikan
kegiatan yang telah ditargetkan
Variance Analysis
AV = BCWS – ACWP (Accounting Variance)
CV = BCWP – ACWP (Cost Variance)
SV = BCWP – BCWS (Schedule Variance)
TV = SD – BCSP (Time Variance)
SD = Status date (ex. : week 20)
BCSP = The date where BCWS = BCWP
6
Variance
Variance menunjukkan besarnya penyimpangan yang terjadi pada
suatu titik waktu/saat pelaporan.
Variansi Biaya (Cost Variance)
= BCWP – ACWP
Variansi Jadwal (Shedule Variance) = BCWP – BCWS
Varians Jadwal
Varians Biaya
Keterangan
Positif
Positif
Pekerjaan lebih cepat dari jadwal & biaya < anggaran
Nol
Positif
Pekerjaan tepat jadwal & biaya < anggaran
Positif
Nol
Pekerjaan lebih cepat dari jadwal & biaya = anggaran
Nol
Nol
Pekerjaan tepat jadwal & biaya = anggaran
Negatif
Negatif
Pekerjaan lebih lambat dari jadwal & biaya > anggaran
Nol
Negatif
Pekerjaan tepat jadwal & biaya > anggaran
Negatif
Nol
Pekerjaan lebih lambat dari jadwal & biaya = anggaran
Positif
Negatif
Pekerjaan lebih cepat dari jadwal & biaya > anggaran
7
Planned
completion
NOW
Forecast
Cost
Over run
BAC
BCWS
ACWP
Cost variance
BCWP
Schedule Variance
(cost)
Forecast
Project
Time slip
Schedule variance
(time)
8
Realisasi
100
AKHIR
AWAL
800
75
600
50
400
25
200
0
0
0
4
8
12
16
20
Kurva ‘ S ”
24
28
32
Varian
Anggaran
J
F M
A
M J
J
A
S
O N
D
Varian
9
Variansi Biaya (Cost Variance)
= BCWP – ACWP
Variansi Jadwal (Shedule Variance) = BCWP – BCWS
ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed
BCWP = Budgeted Cost of Work Performed
BCWS = Budgeted cost of Work Schedule
Uraian
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Mei
Jun
Jul
Agt
BCWS
60
140
280
480
660
870
1020
1080
Pengeluaran
ACWP
50
210
410
640
840
750
890
950
Nilai Hasil
40
100
210
380
530
660
900
880
Varinsi Biaya
-10
-110
-200
-260
-310
-90
10
-70
Variansi Jadwal
-20
-40
-70
-100
-130
-210
-120
-200
Anggaran
BCWP
10
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Continued)
2.Technical Analysis
Nilai aktual parameter teknis (yg didapat dari estimasi,
pengukuran analitis, dan tes empiris) harus dibandingkan dengan
parameter teknis yang diinginkan, untuk mengevaluasi dan
mengukur perbedaan antara pencapaian dan keinginan (sasaran).
3.Performance Index
Kinerja suatu proyek dapat diukur menggunakan Indeks Kinerja
(performance index) :
Indeks Kinerja Jadwal (Schedule Performance Index)
SPI = BCWP/ACWP
SPI < 1 berarti Waktu Pelaksanaan > Jadwal
Indeks Kinerja Biaya (Cost Performance Index)
CPI = BCWP/ACWP
CPI < 1 berarti Pengeluaran > Anggaran.
11
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Lanjutan)
Untuk mengetahui sampai sejauh mana pelaksanaan proyek telah
dilaksanakan,dilakukan dengan menghitung CRITICAL RATIO (CR)
Actual Progress
Budgeted Cost
CR = ---------------------x ------------------Scheduled Progress
Actual Cost
JIKA : CR = 1  Proyek kemungkinan selesai sesuai target
CR ≠ 1  Proyek memerlukan penanganan untuk
memonitor dan mengendalikan proyek
Forecasting “To Complete” and “At Completion”
FCTC (Forecasted Cost To Complete Project)
BCAC - BCWP
= ------------------BCAC = budgeted cost at completion
CPI
for the project
FCAC (Forecasted Cost at Completion)
= ACWP + FCTC
12
Status
Date
(SD)
Forecasted
ACWP
FCAC
BCAC
FCTC
BCWS
ACWP
Forecasted
BCWP
BCWP
Initial target
date
19 20
The Project Completion = 20 + (47-19)/SPI
47
Revised
Completion
date
50
13
SOAL LATIHAN
14
KEGIATAN
KEGIATAN
YANG
MENDAHULUI
DURASI
(MINGGU)
BIAYA
LANGSUNG
PER MINGGU
($K)
PENYELE SAIAN
KEGIATAN
DLM (%)
BIAYA YANG TELAH
DIBELANJAKAN ($K)
A
-
10
10
100
100
B
A
8
8
100
72
C
A
6
18
100
96
D
C
4
4
100
20
E
C
2
18
100
40
F
C
4
21
100
70
G
B
4
20
50
50
H
B
5
10
50
100
I
B,C
5
12
10
12
J
E
5
16
0
0
K
F
4
0
0
0
L
G
3
0
0
0
M
J
3
0
0
0
N
H,L
3
14
0
0
O
D,K
3
16
50
60
P
N
5
12
0
0
Q
O
2
12
0
0
R
I,P,Q
8
13
0
0
S
M,R
6
11
0
0
620
15
Pertanyaan :
1. Buatkan rencana biaya dan jadwal proyek
menggunakan gambar Network dan Bar Chartnya.
dengan
2. Setelah proyek berjalan 30 minggu, apa komentar saudara
yang meliputi (AV, SV dan CV) serta berapa FCAC
(Forecasted Cost At Completion).
16
Materi kuliah 03052010
Manajemen
Proyek
INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM
17
Basic Project Control Steps
• Define the project scope
• Develop a project plan consistent with:
– project scope
– estimates (cost constraints)
– schedule (constraints
– resources available
• Report progress and compare with budget and forecast
• Control by taking corrective action
18
Five Phases of Project Management
19
Risk Management:
•
•
•
•
Risk Identification
Risk Quantification
Risk Response Development
Risk Response Control
20
Contingency - Plan for Change
21
Project Close-out
22
Project Closeout - Major Phases
•
•
•
•
Obtain client acceptance
Document the project
Conduct the post implementation audit
Issue the final report
23
Successful Project Management
Plan the Work…
Work the Plan
24
Successful Project Completion
25
Project Planning,
Scheduling &
Controlling
26
Materi kuliah 10052010
Manajemen
Proyek
INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM
27
FOUNDATION IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
• Start the project with a strong foundation. The templates and checklist (clear
goals, effective communication, and management support)
• The project proposal ,
• Project sponsor can use the charter template to formally authorize
• the project and project manager.
• The statement of work represents the formal agreement between
• project stakeholders about the goals and constraints of the project.
• The responsibility matrix clarifies the role and authority of each
• project stakeholder.
• Effective communication ,Use the communication planning matrix to identify
who needs what information and how you’ll be sure to get it to them
• As you initiate the project, use the definition checklist to guide the team
28
Project Proposal (Project name, Sponsor, Project Manager,
Prepared by,Revision History)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Project Goal ,Problem/Opportunity Definition ,Proposed Solution
Project Selection and Ranking Criteria
Project benefit category:
❑ Compliance/regulatory ❑ Efficiency/cost reduction
❑ Revenue increase
Portfolio fit and interdependencies
Project urgency
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Tangible Benefits (Benefit ,Value and probability,Assumptions driving value)
Intangible Benefits (Benefit,Value and probability,Assumptions driving value)
Cost Categories (Internal labor hours ,External costs,Equipment, hardware, or software,List
other costs such as travel and training)
Financial Return
Business Requirements(Scope,Major project activities,Out of scope activities that are critical
to the success of the project
Major Obstacles ,Risks ,Schedule Overview Estimated Project Completion Date ,Major
Milestones ,External Milestones Affecting the Project,Impact of Late Delivery
29
Project Management Context:
•
•
•
•
•
Project Phases and Life Cycle
Stakeholders
Leadership Skills
General Management Skills
Communications Skills
30
Project Phases and Life Cycle:
•
•
•
•
Divide Project into Phases
Better Management Control
Review Deliverables and Performance
Fast-tracking
31
Example of Project Phases:
•
•
•
•
•
Conceptual Design
Detailed Design
Coding and Testing
Training and Documentation
Deployment
32
Stakeholders:
• Individuals and Organizations
• Actively Involved in Project
• Interests Affected by Project
33
Leadership Skills:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Vision and Strategy
Establishing Direction
Aligning People
Communicating
Negotiating
Motivating and Inspiring
Influencing Organizations
Overcoming Barriers to Change
34
General Management Skills:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Planning
Finance and Accounting
Personnel Administration
Technology
Organizational Development
Delegation
Team Building
Conflict Management
Solving Problems
35
Communications Skills:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Writing
Listening
Speaking
Presenting
Media Relations
Meeting Management
36
Scope Management:
•
•
•
•
•
Initiation
Scope Planning
Scope Definition
Scope Verification
Scope Change Control
37
Management activities
•
•
•
•
•
•
Proposal writing
Project planning and scheduling
Project cost
Project monitoring and review
Personnel selection and evaluation
Report writing and presentations
38
Human Resource Management
• Organizational Planning
• Staff Acquisition
• Team Development
39
Communications Management:
•
•
•
•
Communications Planning
Information Distribution
Performance Reporting
Administrative Closure
40
Key Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and
Outputs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Communications Management Plan
Project Records
Performance Reports
Change Requests
Project Archives
Formal Acceptance
Lessons Learned
41
Key Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and
Outputs:
•
•
•
•
•
Risk Management Plan
Checklists
Contingency Plans
Reserves
Contractual Terms
42
Risk Management:
•
•
•
•
Risk Identification
Risk Quantification
Risk Response Development
Risk Response Control
43
Management Processes:
•
•
•
•
•
Initiating Processes
Planning Processes
Executing Processes
Controlling Processes
Closing Processes
44