REVOLUTION IN EGYPT
Background of Husno Mubarak
and Revolution
• After 1981, assasination president Anwar El
Sadat, Husni Mubarek became head of Egypt.
• He was the longest serving president in Egypt’s
history.
• The current Egyptian revolution began on 25th
January 2011
• Citizens of Egypt, complained that Husni
Mubarek was allowing police brutality, state of
emergency laws.
Background of Husno Mubarak
and Revolution
• The protesters originally wanted the movement
to be nonviolent consisting of demostrations and
strikes but the uprising was not peaceful.
• The revolution included many clashes between
security forces and protesters in all over the
Egypt’s major cities such as Cairo, and
Alexandria
• It is assumed that close to 850 people died and
over 6000 people injured
Background of Husno Mubarak
and Revolution
• The citizens wanted freedom, justice and nonmilitary government that cared for it’s people.
• On February 11th, after weeks of protesting,
Mubarak resigned from office.
• Ahmed Shafik , former chief of Egypt’s Air force
was given the role to form the new government.
• After Mubarak resigned, from his position, the
Supreme Council of Armed Forces was put in
control of Egypt.
Background of Husno Mubarak
and Revolution
• Egyptian Revolution has influenced protests in
other Arabic countries such as Yemen, Bahrain,
Libia, Syria and Jordan.
REASONS OF THE REVOLUTION
Emergency Law
• Emergency law has existed since 1967.
• Police powers were extended, censorship
became legal and constitional rights suspended
• Goverment can put citizens into prisons
indefinitely and without any reason
REASONS OF THE REVOLUTION
Police brutality
• Police brutality was common and widespread in
the Egypt.
• Mubarek's regime always denied the existence
of torture.
REASONS OF THE REVOLUTION
Corruption in government elections
• Over last 30 years, there had been a lot of
corrupted manipulations of the elections.
• Until 2005, Mubarek was the only candidate for
presidency.
• There were tricks in elections and this made the
citizens not to rely on elections and the party in
power.
REASONS OF THE REVOLUTION
Restrictions on free speech and press
• Their journalists had no right for free speech,
they were under pressure and they were
restricted.
• Media was under the control of government.
Economical Problems
• Citizens complained about the lowest wages.
• High unemployment rate was the effective
reason
• Moreover,there were social classes among
citizens.
The revolution in Egypt was launched by the
rich and the problem was not bread
• Poverty was not the main reason behind the
uprising, the Egyptian people.
• The main reason for the honor and dignity
trampled recovery of the revolution, spread
corruption throughout the country, the wish to
end oppression and persecution.
Generally, Why did people involved in
revolts in Arabic countries? Especially in
Egypt?
• The main reason for extending these
demonstrations, repression and persecution by
the Egyptian and Arabians of the safety and
tramples the dignity.
• Corruption tens of years lost due to remain in
power, the freedom of floating in the minority
wants to win again.
• 31 years in Egypt, Libya, 42 years, 28 years in
Tunisia, Yemen, 34 years
Is the main reason behind the protests
poverty or are there any other reasons?
• Especially, young people who started the
revolution in Egypt, were the children of rich
families.
• An enormous group of these young people
launched the revolution.
• But then everyone, the poor state officials richest
dignity trampled by senior officials attended the
oppressed themselves.
Media role in Egypt’s protest
• Many protestors across Egypt organized through
Facebook
• Wael Ghonim , a marketing manager for Google
played a key role.
• He communicated with them via a page in
Facebook which is created by him.
• The name of that page is “We are all Khaled
Sard”.
Wael
Ghonim
who
created
the
Facebook
page
Media role in Egypt’s protest
• Shortly after the first protest, Ghonim was
arrested in Cairo
• Ghonim has became a symbol of the Egyptian
movement
• Facebook and Twitter played different roles
during the uprising
• Egyptian government reacted quickly by
blocking social media webpages and mobile
phone networks
• However, this act censorship was unsuccesful .
Media role in Egypt’s protest
• Ghonim communicated with people about being group,
to broadcast what’s the act of goverment ,to protest etc.
• There were millions of people in 28 January day of rage .
Domino theory
• Events in Tunusia spreaded to other middle east
countries by Domino effect.
• Bin Ali regime was collapsed after 23 years in
Tunusia.
• Mubarak regime was collapsed after 32 years in
Egypt.
How Domino Theory Affected Middle
East Countries ?
• According to the authorities, next dominos
Stones might be Jordan, Sudan, Yemen, Algeria
and Syria.
• Presidents have to make reforms or they do
nothing and their regimes will be collapsed as
the regimes of Tunusia and Egypt.
TIMELINE OF THE 2011
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
25 January 2011: The "Day of Revolt"
• The people of egypt protested against the
regime.
• 3 people from protesters and one policeman
died.
26 January 2011: "Shutting down The
Internet and Mobile Services"
• The accessing to Facebook, Twitter and
Blackberry Messenger were obstructed
for people in that day.
TIMELINE OF THE 2011
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
28 January 2011: The "Friday of Anger"
• People who were using the internet and cell
phones sent information to the other people
about the meeting place after Friday praying.
TIMELINE OF THE 2011
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
• 29 january : People who are against Mubarak
met in the Tahrir square. The president Hüsnü
Mubarak resigned, and Ömer Süleyman became
president.
• 30 january : The protesters spent their time in
Tahrir square and Turkey declared that "we will
send a plane to take their own people from
there."
TIMELINE OF THE 2011
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
• 3 February : The police forces used guns to
stop the protesters, and at least 5 people lost
their lives.
• 4 February : Hundreds of thousands
protesters met in Tahrir square, and they said
that today is the day to say farewell to Mübarek.
• 5 February : United Nations said that at least
300 people died, however, Ministry of Health in
Egypt denied 300 and changed this number into
11.
TIMELINE OF THE 2011
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
• 6 February : The banks provided service for a
short time and the reporter of El Cezire was
released after seven-hours captivity.
• 7 February : Thousands people said that we
will not leave Tahrir square, and education had
to be stopped. Government accepted to give
%15 extra salary.
• 8 February : Tahrir square became a camp
place for protesters.
TIMELINE OF THE 2011
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
• 9 February : The labor unions joined to the
protesters. 34 politicians were released.
• 10 February : Mübarek said that I am here
until september. So, thousands of people
objected that situation, and they tried to affect
army with their idea.
TIMELINE OF THE 2011
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
11 February 2011: The "Friday of Departure":
Süleyman announced that Mübarek gave up his
position, he added that Mübarek assigned all his
power to the army. By the way, Mübarek left
Cairo.
• 12 February : "The army who took the power
over" announced that we are on some regional
and international agreements.
• 13 February : Army explained that we will
manage the country, and provide the abrogation
of majlis.
TIMELINE OF THE 2011
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
• 14 February : The army sent the
protesters away from Tahrir square to
provide peace and stability. After that
military council wanted that protests must
end and we have to get our normal life
back.
Relationships between America
and Egypt
• Events in Egypt were not civil revolutions, they
were civil movements
• Somebody claims that revolution was not the
USA’s plan. The first evidence that when events
started with Egypt’s chief commander was at the
USA and USA didn’t interfere with.
• The other approach says that events in Egypt
were directly related to America's weakening.
Relationships between America
and Egypt
• USA couldn’t make real the Great Middle East
Plan
• The most important evidence about USA didn’t
plan this revolution is USA’s line during the
events
• USA didn’t plan revolution , it tried to take place
at this process .
• According to BBC ; USA was trying to change
revolution as an evolution in Egypt
Relationships between America
and Egypt
• At the end of the bargainings, Muhammad El
Bradai became the leader of opposition party
and Omar Sulayman became the vice- president
of Mubarak .
• Also Israel supported Mubarak because
Mubarak had supported Israel about Palestinian
subject .
THEY ARE FOR PETROLUEM
SORRY!!!
THEY WILL BRING DEMOCRACY…
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR INTEREST