The
Jefferson/Jackson
Era
1800-1840
V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"
A. Causes
1. Freedom of the Seas & Impressment-Britain and
France were at war. American trading ships and
sailors were caught in the middle.
2. Embargo Act, 1807-Jefferson cut off trade with both
sides. Very unpopular.
V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"
B. James Madison becomes President-1808
-Trouble with the Indians- Tecumsah organized
Indians to defend their lands. This, along with the
ongoing trading problems led to a large group of war
supporters called War Hawks.
-Madison declares war on the British.
V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"
C. Actions-Americans invaded Canada, the British
attacked and burned Washington, D.C.
Andrew Jackson became a war hero at the Battle of
New Orleans and defeated large numbers of Indians in
the South, leading to expansion.
D. Results-Treaty of Ghent-simple cease fire.
Side result:-Adams-Onis Treaty-1819Spain gives Florida to the U.S.
VI. James Monroe 1816-1824
“The Era of Good Feelings"
*After the War of 1812, Americans
finally became more nationalist.
A. Postwar changes:
1. The American System-All parts of the nation
working together. Henry Clay proposes this:
Protective tariffs, transportation improvements, and
National Bank.
2. Supreme Court decisions give court more power.
VI. James Monroe 1816-1824
“The Era of Good Feelings"
B. Monroe Doctrine-1823
James Monroe established 2 foreign policy ideals in
this speech:
1. Non-intervention-U.S. would not interfere in
European affairs if European powers did not
interfere in the Western Hemisphere.
2. Non-colonization-Western Hemisphere was closed
to any further colonization from European
nations.
VII. New Party System-John Quincy
Adams
-Federalists had died out
because of their lack of
support for the War of 1812.
They seemed disloyal.
-No political candidates wanted to be associated with
the name Federalist.
VII. New Party System-John Quincy
Adams
A. **Election of 1824**
Candidates: John Quincy Adams
William Crawford
Andrew Jackson
Henry Clay
All Republicans!
VII. New Party System-John Quincy
Adams
Results:
Jackson won more electoral votes but no one
won a majority. Clay gave his support to
Adams, causing him to win. Clay then became
his Secretary of State.
Jackson called this a "corrupt bargain"
and vowed revenge.
-Adams presidency was unpopular because he tried
to expand the government's powers.
VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency
A. Election of 1828
-Jackson wins easily after forming
the new Democratic Party.
- Jackson identified with the poor, western farmers,
and frontiersmen.
-Jackson fired people in the government that opposed
him & replaced them with supporters.
(spoils system)
-He used his new power to veto and get revenge on his
enemies.
VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency
B. Indian Removal Act of 1830
-Jackson passed this law moving all Indians west of the
Mississippi River.
-Many Indians resisted and were removed by force.
-"Trail of Tears"-Cherokee moved from Georgia to
Oklahoma, losing 25% of their population
VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency
C. Nullification & the National Bank-"The Monster"Jackson believed in the supremacy of the federal
government
1. South Carolina threatened to secede from the
Union over unfair tariffs that favored northern
merchants but hurt southern planters
2. Jackson threatened South Carolina with force.
3. Jackson disliked the national bank because it
represented eastern wealth and aristocracy.
He said it made"the rich richer & the poor
poorer."
VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency
4. After the 1832 election, Jackson
let the Bank's charter expire and
the deposits were transferred to
state banks.
5. Results of the Bank War:
-New York became the financial
center for the country.
-Whig Party was formed to oppose "King Andrew"
VI. Jackson's Successors
A. Martin Van Buren-1836
After his election, depression set in.
The Panic of 1837 was a result of
Jackson's economic policies.
This probably cost him re-election
B. Election of 1840
-Whigs nominated ex-General
William Henry Harrison (Pres) and John Tyler(VP)
-Harrison won but died one month after taking
office.
VI. Jackson's Successors
C. John TylerHe vetoed many Whig attempts at legislation,
including a new National Bank. This caused division
in the party.
The
Jefferson/Jackson
Era
1800-1840
*The Jefferson/Jackson era resulted in a more politically
active and aware population. Political parties became
essential to the political system.*