Comparative Social System
Presented by
Md. Abdullah-Al-Helal
Lecturer, GED
Northern University Bangladesh
1
Comparative Social System _contd.
Defining Social Science:
The social sciences are a group of academic
disciplines that study human aspects of the world.
They differ from the arts and humanities in that the
social sciences tend to emphasize the use of the
scientific method in the study of humanity, including
quantitative and qualitative methods.
2
Comparative Social System _contd.
Defining Social Science:
The social sciences in studying subjective,intersubjective and objective or structural aspects of
society are traditionally referred to as soft sciences.
It is a matter of fact that some social science
subfields have become very quantitative in
methodology.
Conversely, the interdisciplinary and crossdisciplinary nature of scientific inquiry into human
behavior and social and environmental factors
affecting it.
3
Comparative Social System _contd.
Development of Social Science:
The word "science" is older than its modern use, which is as
a short-form for "natural science".
 Ancient Greece
In ancient philosophy, there was no difference
between mathematics and the study of history,
poetry or politics. Only with the development of
mathmatical proof did there gradually arise a
perceived difference between "scientific"
disciplines and others, the "humanities" or the
liberal arts
4
Comparative Social System _contd.
Islamic Civilization:
Significant contributions to the social sciences
were made by Muslim scientists in the Islamic
civilization. Al- Biruni(973–1048) has been
described as "the first anthropologist".
Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) is regarded as the father
of demography, historiography, the philosophy of
history, sociology, and the social sciences, and
is viewed as one of the forerunners of modern
economics. He is best known for his
Muqaddimah.
5
Comparative Social System _contd.
European enlightenment:
During the European Age of enlightenment, this
unity of science as descriptive remains, for
example, in the time of Thomas Hobbes who
argued that deductive reasoning from Axioms
created a scientific framework. His great work
was Leviathan.
Nineteenth century: Auguste Comte (1797–
1857) argued that ideas pass through three
rising stages, theological, philosophical and
scientific. Karl Marx was one of the first writers
to claim that his methods of research
represented a scientific view of history in this
model.
6
Comparative Social System _contd.
Twentieth century:
The rise of industrialism had created a series of
social, economic, and political problems,
particularly in managing supply and demand in
their political economy, the management of
resources for military and developmental
uses.(Impact of World War I)
Conversely, the interdisciplinary and crossdisciplinary nature of scientific inquiry into
human behavior and social and environmental
factors affecting it have made many of the socalled hard sciences dependent on social
science methodology
7
Comparative Social System _contd.
Social Science Disciplines / impact :
Anthropology, economics, education,
geography, law, history, Linguistics,Political
science,psychology,sociology,communication
studies, development studies, information
science, sociobiology etc.
Above all these disciplines of the faculty of
knowledge
influence directly on our society to developed,
because8
Comparative Social System _contd.
Social Science Disciplines / impact :
1. Anthropology
This is the holistic discipline that deals with the
integration of different aspects of the Social
Sciences.
The word ‘anthropos’ is from the Greek for
"human being" or "person." Eric Wolf described
sociocultural anthropology as "the most scientific
of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the
sciences."
9
Comparative Social System _contd.
2. economics:
Economics is a social science that seeks to
analyze and describe the production, distribution,
and consumption of wealth.
Economics is "the science which studies
human behavior as a relation between
scarce means having alternative uses."
10
Comparative Social System _contd
3. Education:
Education encompasses teaching and learning
specific skills.
Positive judgement and well-developed wisedom.
Realisation of self-potential and latent talents of
an individual.
Education is the harmonious development of body,
mind and soul.
11
Comparative Social System _contd.
4.Geography:
Geography as a discipline can be split broadly
into two main sub fields: human geography and
physical geography.
Environmental geography combines physical and
human geography and looks at the interactions
between the environment and humans.
It understand how the world has changed in
terms of human settlement and natural
patterns. (rural to urban and others)
12
Comparative Social System _contd.
5. History:
History is the continuous, systematic narrative
and research of past events as relating to the
human species;
As well as the study of all events in time, in
relation to humanity.
6. Political science:
Description and analysis of political systems and
political behavior.
13
Comparative Social System _contd
7. Psychology: It study various spheres of human
activity, problems of individuals‘.
8. sociology:Sociology is the study of society and
Human social action.
It generally concerns itself with The social rules and
processes (individuals , but as members of
associations, groups, communities and institutions).
The social sciences are sometimes criticized as
being less scientific than the natural scienc.
Others, however argue that the social world is much
too complex to be studied.
14
Comparative Social System _contd.
Law as a Social Science:
Law is a system of rules usually enforced
through a set of institutions.
It affects politics, economics and society in
numerous ways. Such asContract law regulates everything from buying a
bus ticket to trading swaptions on a derivatives
market.
Property law defines rights and obligations related
to transfer and title of personal and real property,
for instance, in mortgaging or renting a home.
15
Comparative Social System _contd.
Law as a Social Science:
Trust law applies to assets held for investment
and financial security, such as pension funds.
Tort law allows claims for compensation when
someone or their property is injured or harmed.
Constitutional law provides a framework for
creating laws, protecting people's human right,
and electing political representatives
16
Comparative Social System _contd.
Law as a Social Science:
Legal systems around the world elaborate legal
rights and responsibilities in different ways.
Laws and legal systems reflect the society and
culture out of which they arise.
A basic distinction is made between civil law
jurisdictions and systems using common law.
Some countries base their law on religious texts,
while in others traditional customary law or
Socialist legal theory are strong influences.
17
Comparative Social System _contd.
Law as a Social Science:
Scholars investigate the nature of law through
many perspectives, including legal history and
philosophy, or social science such as
economics and sociology.
Social science includes every aspects of human
life.
Law and/ or legal activities on our society had
been started from the very beginning of human
civilization.
18
Comparative Social System _contd
Law as a Social Science:
Law spreads far beyond the core subjects into
virtually every area of life. Three (3) categories
are presented for convenience:
1.Law and society:
►Labour law is the study of a tripartite
industrial relationship between worker,
employer and trade union.
19
Comparative Social System _contd.
Law as a Social Science:
►Human rights, civil rights and human rights law
are important fields to guarantee everyone
basic freedoms and entitlements.
►Evidence law involves which materials are
admissible in courts for a case to be built.
►Immigration law and nationality law concern
the rights of foreigners to live and work in a
nation-state that is not their own and to acquire
or lose citizenship
20
Comparative Social System _contd.
Law as a Social Science:
►Social security law refers to the rights people
have to social insurance, such as jobseekers'
allowances or housing benefits.
►Family law covers marriage and divorce
proceedings, the rights of children and rights to
property and money in the event of separation.
21
Comparative Social System _contd.
2. Law and Commerce:
►Commercial law covers complex contract and
property law.
►The law of agency, insurance law, bills of
exchange, insolvency and bankruptcy law and
sales law are all important.
►Intellectual property deals with patents,
trademarks and copyright.
►Unjust enrichment is law covering a right to
retrieve property.
22
Comparative Social System _contd.
3. Law and regulation:
►Regulation deals with the provision of public
services and utilities.
►Now a days privatization become popular.
But government have been bound by social
responsibilities to make perfection.
►Environmental law is increasingly important
because of climate change.
23
MAY ALLAH HELP US
24