Chapter 13
The Renaissance and the Reformation
Section 1
The Renaissance in Italy
I. What was the Renaissance?
A.
B.
C.
A period of change and creativity (political,
social, economic, cultural)
Huge urban growth = trade was more important
Renaissance thinkers began to explore human
experiences
1. People had many different talents.
D.
New levels of curiosity emerged
1. Began exploring new worlds and ideas, as well as
new forms of art and literature.
I. What was the Renaissance?
E.
Humanism- Used classic Greek and Roman
culture to increase the understanding of their
own times.
1. Education should stimulate creativity
2. Petrarch- Brought classic Greek and Roman writings
to Western Europe. (Cicero, Homer, Virgil)
Review Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
What does the word “Renaissance” mean?
What area experienced a huge growth
during this time?
What was the main theme of Renaissance
which focused on Greek and Roman
culture and learning.
What man was responsible for bringing
Greek and Roman learning to W. Europe?
II. Italy: Cradle of the Renaissance
A.
Italy was the center of the Roman Empire and a
reawakening.
1. Studied the historical architecture and remains.
2. Rome served as a center for religious themes.
B.
C.
Money from trade fueled the Renaissance
Italy was broken up into city states which were
controlled by wealthy merchant families.
1. Medici family became the most power family in Italy
2. They were great patrons of the arts (led to growth and
transformation in Florence)
III. Renaissance Art Flowers
A.
Art and architecture were the focal points of the
Renaissance.
1. Art  Religious themes against Roman backgrounds
2. Artists began using perspective (3-D), shadows, and
studied the human body to make more realistic
images.
3. Architecture reflected Greek and Roman styles
III. Renaissance Art Flowers
B.
Leonardo Da Vinci- multitalented genius
1. Mona Lisa- considered the greatest painting of all
time
2. The Last Supper- A masterpiece of perspective
3. He was the ultimate Renaissance man.
C.
Michelangelo- sculptor, engineer, architect, poet.
1. Best work- Sistine Chapel in Rome (he was left
partially handicapped.
2. Built St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome.
D.
Rafael School of Athens
IV. Writing For a New Society
A.
Many books were written on philosophy and
history.
1. Guide books were also written The Book of the
Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione.
2. The guidelines for members of the court (men and
women)
B.
Machiavelli The Prince (Guide to gaining
power)
1. “The end justifies the means” do whatever you
have to in order to win.
Vocab
 Humanism- Studying Greek
and Roman culture to
increase understanding of the time.
 Humanities- study for subjects such as grammar,
rhetoric, poetry and history, that were taught in
ancient Greece and Rome.
 Petrarch- assembled a library of Greek and Roman
manuscripts.
 Florence- The birthplace of the Italian
Renaissance.
 Patron- A financial supporter of the arts.
Vocab
 Perspective- Art
technique used to give art a more
realistic, 3-D effect.
 Leonardo- multi-talented genius who painted the
Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
 Michelangelo- multi-talented artist who painted
the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David.
 Rafael- painted The School of Athens
 Baldassare Castiglione- wrote The Book of the
Courtier
 Niccolo Machiavelli- wrote The Prince.
Section 2
The Renaissance in the North
I. The Printing Revolution
A.
Johann Gutenberg created the 1st complete
edition of the Bible with movable print in 1455.
1. Between 1455 & 1500, 15-20 million books were
printed.
B.
Printed books were cheaper and easier to
produce.
1. What did this lead to?
II. Northern Renaissance Artists
A.
The city of Flanders began the Renaissance in
the North.
1. It was a prosperous center of trade.
B.
Albrecht Dürer (Leonardo of the North)
1. 1494 He traveled to Italy to study the Renaissance
masters.
2. He brought back the Italian Renaissance to the north .
3. He is famous for creating the art of engraving
(making prints out of metal with acid)
4. Most of his paintings refer to religious upheaval
III. Northern Humanists & Writers
A.
Humanists stressed education and classical
learning.
1. They wanted to bring religious and moral reform.
2. Began writing in vernacular.
B.
Erasmus He was a Dutch priest.
1. Wrote an edition of the Bible in Greek.
2. He wanted the Bible written in vernacular.
3. Wanted people to be open minded and to reform
corruption in the church.
III. Northern Humanists & Writers
C.
Sir Thomas More Utopia
1. Ideal society where everyone lived in peace and
everyone is educated.
2. Justice to end crime not eliminate the criminal.
D.
Rabelais Gargantua and Pantagruel
1. Used characters to show opinions and faults within
the church.
III. Northern Humanists & Writers
E.
Shakespeare Expressed universal themes in
everyday, realistic settings.
1. His characters spoke in the language of the common
people.
2. He created over 1,700 words.
Section 2 Review Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What Renaissance thinker was responsible for creating
the printing press?
What impact did the printing press have on Renaissance
society?
In what city did the Northern Renaissance start?
What theme did Abrecht Dürer’s art often portray?
What was the Utopia described by Sir Thomas More?
Shakespeare, Rabelais, and Cervantes all wrote using in
what style?
What theme did Shakespeare’s work explore?
Section 2 Review Answers
1.
What Renaissance thinker was responsible for creating
the printing press?
1.
2.
What impact did the printing press have on Renaissance
society?
1.
3.
-Johann Gutenberg
-Books were produced easier and cheaper, which led to
increased literacy rates.
In what city did the Northern Renaissance start?
1.
-Flanders
Section 2 Review Answers
4.
What theme did Abrecht Dürer’s art often portray?
1.
5.
-Religious upheaval
What was the Utopia described by Sir Thomas More?
1. -A Utopia was an ideal society where everyone lived in peace
and were educated. Focus was put on stopping crime rather
than the criminal.
6.
Shakespeare, Rabelais, and Cervantes all wrote using in
what style?
1.
-They wrote in vernacular, or the language of the common
people.
Section 2 Review Answers
7.
What theme did Shakespeare’s work explore?
1. -His work explored everyday, realistic themes.