The Romantic Age Introppico Fedora Lupattelli Ilaria Mecarelli Vanni Minciarelli Francesca Montesi Gaia Pianigiani Elena literature Movement in art to emphasize feelings music ROMANTICISM Reaction against the conviction that human actions are guided by economics, sociology and physics New sensibility against the faith in reason that characterised the previous age John Constable SOME CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT ROMANTICISM… It begins in the 1770s and continues into the second half of 19th century England and Germany: the strongholds of the Romantic movement It affects all the arts It changes the human way of perceiving the world «age of revolution» • the French revolution • the American revolution • effects of Industrial revolution 1776: American Declaration of Independence Equality and Freedom American identity Puritanism French revolution (1789-1791) influenced Human progress Britain France Napoleon’s ascent Jacobinism 1793: Napoleonic Wars 1815: Waterloo THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION In the middle of 18th century Great increase in population more goods INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PROS •new sources •new inventions •transports improvements •machines vs workers Connected to Agrarian Revolution (technological inventions) CONS •from the countryside to «mushrooms towns» •inhuman living and working conditions •rise of unemployment Luddites riots (1811) THE AIMS OF THE ROMANTICS Contrasts with Neoclassicism Romanticism revalues Middle Ages + ancient classics + Baroque Individualism VS universalism Imagination VS Reason Romantic hero VS society It is presented as a work of art A living being to be described as it is made by a divine immagination The new concept of NATURE Attention to describing natural phenomena in Romantic landscape painting and in Romantic nature poetry. Romantic nature poetry is a poetry of meditation. It is viewed as a system of mechanical laws It is the supreme faculty of the mind It is connected with symbolism and nature IMAGINATION It is uncorrupted in children and closer to God It is the equivalent of the creative power of nature and God It is in contrast with reason It is a rebellion from mechanisation and a rationalisation of society Romantic reconciliation with opposites SYMBOLISM Symbols: •Expression of nature’s emblematic language •Superior to one- to- one communication of allegory •In language symbols express the inexpressible The Myth is a symbolic narrative OTHER CONCEPTS: Emotion, Lyric Poetry, and the Self Greater attention to the emotions applied to creation of poetry The "poetic speaker" becomes the direct person of the poet Art is important to know the world within Development of the self Wordsworth's definition of good poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" The artist as a hero My heart leaps up My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky: So was it when my life began; So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die! The Child is father of the Man; And I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety. Freedom in composition First-person liric poetry Boldness VS restraint ROMANTIC LITERATURE Emotions The artist is an inspired creator and an independent genius Suggestiveness to neoclassical clarity Dominated by poetry and Shelley is intense novel Scott Ivanhoe Byron is sardonic Keats is sentimental Elevated forces of nature Nature as a protagonist (landscape) Pictoresque and sublime Wonder for the creation No heroic figures Man dwarfed in comparison with Nature Intensity of feeling ROMANTIC ART Neoclassic art Impressionist movement John Constable Caspar David Friedrich Francisco Goya Francesco Hayez William Turner He interprets things through his emotions ROMANTIC ARTIST IN SOCIETY He is politically and socially committed a period of revolutions: to animate souls against oppression and injustice He distances himself from the public The contrast between artist and middle-class «Philistine» PHILOSOPHY Kant rejects The human mind is structured in a way that affects experiences Hegel Ideas are the blend of theories that come before and any idea is a hypothesis Locke’s ideas Innate knowledge Liberating man from the tyranny of knowledge Dialectic: no definited knowledge from scientific experiments Hypothesis + antithesis Synthesis • Artists for their symbols turned to: • Domestic life • Folk legends and older art forms • Children Realistic techniques («local color») EVERYDAY It is submitted to imaginative suggestions (ideal of semplicity or innocence) and Paradoxical combination: • Lyrical Ballads • Frankenstein It is opposed to the conception of «objective» reason EXOTIC ROMANTICISM TODAY 1990s – 2000s Romantic Age Advancement of industry and technology Spawn desire for a more simple time The mass can partake the culture New form of poetry, new musical instruments and elevated lifestyle Bibliography History: • http://academic.brooblyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/rom.html • http://www.indepthinfo.com/history/romanticism.html • Lit&Lab – From the Early Romantics to the Present Age Images: • • • • • Caspar David Friedrich – “Frau vor untergehender Sonne” Caspar David Friedrich – “Der Wanderer über dem Nebelmeer” Francesco Hayez – “Il bacio” John Constable – “Deadham Vale” Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson – “Apothéose des héros français morts pour la patrie pendant la guerre de la liberté” • Eugène Delacroix – “La liberté guidant le peuple” • Eugène Delacroix – “Autoportrait” • Other images from the Net