Chapter 11: The
Jeffersonian Republic
Lasting Effects of the Federalists
They were hated why? Sedition & Alien
Acts
 There was a split in their own Party
caused by: Alexander Hamilton
(Shocker)
 Didn’t go to war w/ France

1800 Election Results
(16 states in the Union)
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
DemocraticRepublican
73
52.9%
Aaron Burr
New York
DemocraticRepublican
73
52.9%
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
65
47.1%
Charles Pinckney
South Carolina
Federalist
64
46.4%
John Jay
New York
Federalist
1
0.7%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a Majority
70
1800 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson
Results
Jefferson wins through a technicality (3/5)
compromise “Negro President”
 Adams got more popular vote = Jefferson
more electoral votes
 So now what happens: Aaron Burr &
Jefferson are tied 73 to 73

Who decides
House of Rep Decide (Article 2 Se. 1)
 Decision Deadlocked for Months =
Jefferson will win in the end

Why? Adams & Hamilton
 Result: Peaceful transfer of power

“Revolution of 1800”
 Why
was it called this?
 Federalists
stepped down like
responsible adults
 Jefferson would restore the
Presidency back to the Peoples
Party spirit of 1776
Who Is Jefferson
Scholar
Designed Monticello
Dec. of Ind.
Died at 83 secret (Cold
foot baths)
Wrote a book about
Jesus Christ
Copy Machine
LA Purchase 15 mill
They shy Slob
Pajama Greeter
$107,000 in debt death
Affair w/ Betsey Walker 1768
(Best bud’s wife)
1787 in France stole Rice
(illegal) punishable by death
Affair w/ Sally Hemming
(Own slave) ½ sister in law
Sent messages to congress
to be read (Wilson broke
this)
Jefferson’s Changes
March 4, 1801 Takes office (57 yrs)
 “All were Federalists all were Republicans”
 Freed people in Jail under the Sedition Act
 Returned the Alien act back to 5 yrs
 Abolished the Excise Tax
 Albert Gallatin = Reduced debt & balanced
the budget (Secretary of Treasurer)

Judiciary Act Crisis

Last Act passed by Federalists 1801
 It created 16 new Federal Judgeships (life
appointments) = why did they do this? To
maintain control even after they were gone
 John Marshal becomes Supreme Court
justice 1799) (a strong Federalists appt. by
Adams)
Also is cousin to Jefferson served during
Valley Forge
Marbury v. Madison 1803
William Marbury = Appt. to justice of Peace of
the District of Columbia 1801
 James Madison (Sect. of state) = Denied
Marbury his job (stopped delivery)

Marbury finds out, is furious so he SUES to get
the job (uses the Judiciary Act of 1789 as
evidence)
 Goes to the Supreme Court & Chief Justice John
Marshal has this to say . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .

Result

He single handedly answered the question
of which branch of government gets to
decide the constitutionality of laws?

Established Judicial Review = The Supreme
Court alone has the power to decide the
constitutionality of laws (The court has no jurisdiction
over the Executive & can not force Jefferson to give Marbury his
seat)

Brilliant
Jefferson wanted revenge = Tried to impeach
Samuel Chase 1804 (Supreme Court Justice) it
Failed to say the least
Jefferson’s Foreign Entanglements
Reduced Military to 2500 men
 Reduced the Navy
 Drawbacks to this:


1801 Barbary pirates (North Africa) were
attacking U.S. merchant ships (Pasha of Tripoli)
cut down the flagstaff of the U.S. consultant act of
war!!!!! Why
 He was upset b/c he was NOT getting paid
enough to protect U.S. ships (Bribe Money)
Jefferson’s Response
 Sent
the Navy
 Took 4 LONG YEARS to end this
ridiculous ”war”
 What stopped it finally? Jefferson paid
$60.000 to end it!!!!! Most of it was
ransom money to get our people back
LA Purchase 1803

1800 Napoleon secretly gets the LA Territory
from Spain
Why? = Wanted a New World Empire
 Result = Farmers who relied on the mouth of the
MS to transport goods were furious this could ruin
there trade & business
 Jefferson = to overt another war sent James
Madison & Robert Livingston send them to make
negotiations

 GOAL
= Buy LA purchase land for 10 mill flat
Results

Napoleon gives up the Land for $15 mill (3
cents per acre)
Why?
1. Rebellion in Haiti & French dying from yellow
fev.
2. Needed money to renew his war w/ Britain
Done Deal on April 30, 1803

But this causes big problems in
Congress
Constitution does not mention the
President can buy Land
 Jefferson took a loose interpretation
instead of a strict interp.
 Federalists wend nuts and opposed him

Why? Simple more land meant more settlers,
that would create more states, & more
farmers meant more Republicans
 Spring 1804 Jefferson sent 2 men to explore
his new purchase

Aaron Burr Conspiracies




Plotted w/ a group of Extreme
Federalists to get New
England & New York to
succeed from the U.S.
Alexander H exposed his
(dumb) plan
Burr angry challenged him to
a duel
Hamilton showed up but
refused to shoot and Burr
shot him in the head






This IDIOT than fled to the Trans MS area hooked up with
a military general James Wilkinson
Together they tried to split the West & east to form a new
Confederacy (We call that TREASON)
Jefferson finds out then General Wilkinson betrays him
and Burr gets arrested
John Marshal states that “intentions” are not enough to
throw a man in jail you need evidence?
So Burr gets acquitted (freed)
Runs to France & tries to convince Napoleon to attack the
U.S.
Lesson to Be Learned
* When you get new land make sure you
have the resources to govern
it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Staying out of War . . . Again
Election 1804 Jefferson
wins 162 to 14
 But Economic struggles
begin to effect the
economy
 Why: France & Britain
are fighting & who do
we trade with the most?

Jefferson
Pinckney
France was unstoppable on Land
 Britain had the unstoppable navy
 Due to their control our trade begin to shrink

1806 London’s new Govt. issues the “Order of
Council” = Closed European ports under French
Control to foreign shipping including America
(unless they stopped at a British port 1st)
 Napoleon retaliated by seizing merchant ships
again including American ships that stopped at a
British port 1st



1808-1811 over 6,000 men were seized during this time
Clash of the Chesapeake off VA between a U.S. ship
and a British ship where England sunk our ship
(Jefferson still clung to hope)
Can We Protect Ourselves without
Surrendering Our Rights?
U.S. could not be neutral either way; rights of
neutrality were violated
Embargo Act (1807) = forbade any American
exports to foreign nations



Did Jefferson have the authority to do this?



Ah, his plan, but Congress passed the law!!
Economic Depression = Exports fell 80% in 1808
Unemployment rose; prices rose
Jefferson chose not to run for a third term


Said he would honor Washington’s tradition, but did
he step aside to save his party?
The Road to War
James Madison, Jefferson’s Secretary of
State elected = major priority to fix
economy and problems with Europe



Non-Intercourse Act = opened trade with all
nations except Britain and France (who was
left in 1809?)
Macon’s Bill No. 2 = reopened trade with
Britain and France but gave Madison the
right to refuse trade with either if neutrality
violations continued
Causes of the War of 1812



European trade problems
British failures to comply with treaties
(disrespect)
War Hawks = generation of new
government officials who had not seen
war
More Causes of the War of 1812

British fomented Indian unification efforts and
raids



Westward movement continued and angered Indians,
Indians look to British in Canada to help stop
westward expansion
British had always advocated limited westward
movement and Jefferson and Harrison gave Indians 2
choices: assimilate or move west of the Mississippi
Tecumseh and the Prophet; Harrison and Battle of
Tippecanoe