Vocabulary:
Chapter 5
British
Leaders
Boston
Tea Party
Vocabulary:
Chapter 6
Patriot
Leaders
Boston
Massacre
Battles
Declaration
of
Independence
Causes
Protest
Methods
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1. The French and Indian War
2. Albany Plan of Union
3. Treaty of Paris, 1763
4. Pontiac’s War
5. Proclamation Act of 1763
6. Stamp Act
7. Boycott
8. Repeal
9. Townshend Acts
10. Writ of assistance
11. Boston Massacre
12. Committee of
correspondence
13. Tea Act
14. Boston Tea Party
15. Intolerable Act
16. First Continental Congress
17. Militia
18. Minuteman
19. Battles of Lexington
and Concord
The French and Indian War was a war that
took place from 1754 to 1763 between
England and France. Both aided by Native
American Allies, that led to the end of
French power in North America.
The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal by
Benjamin Franklin to create one government for
the 13 colonies and provided for the common
defense against the French.
Benjamin Franklin’s
Cartoon. Created
cartoon to convince
colonists to accept his
Albany Plan of Union.
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 was an
agreement between Britain and France
that ended the French and Indian War,
and it marked the end of French power in
North America.
Treaty that ended the French and Indian
War. The treaty ended French power in
North America and made Great Britain the
most powerful European country in the
New World.
Pontiac’s War was a 1763 conflict between Native
Americans and the British over settlement of
Indian lands in the Great Lakes area and
eventually led to the Proclamation Act of 1763.
The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a law
forbidding English colonists to settle west
of the Appalachian Mountains.
Halt!
The Stamp Act was a 1765 law that
placed new duties on legal
documents, and taxed newspapers,
almanacs, playing cards and dice.
Repeal means to cancel. After colonists
boycotted certain goods taxed by the
British government, parliament would
repeal the tax.
The Townshend Acts were laws
passed in 1767 that taxed goods
such as glass, paint, and lead.
Writ of Assistance was a legal document
that allowed British customs officials to
inspect a ship’s cargo without giving a
reason.
The Boston Massacre was a 1770 conflict
between colonists and British troops in
which five colonists were killed.
Paul Revere’s
engraving of the
Boston
Massacre.
Committee of Correspondence was a letter
writing campaign that became a major
tool of protest in the colonies.
A boycott is a refusal to buy goods or
service. This was a popular protest
method used by the colonists against
British taxes.
The Tea Act was a 1773 law that let the
British East India Company bypass tea
merchants and sell tea directly to
colonists.
The Boston Tea Party was a 1773
protest in which colonists dressed as
Indians and dumped British tea into
Boston harbor.
• The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws passed
•
•
•
in 1774 to punish colonist in Boston for the
Boston Tea Party.
To punish the colonists, King George III closed
the port of Boston until the tea that was
destroyed was repaid for.
The colonists could not have anymore town
meetings.
And a new Quartering act was introduced.
• The First Continental Congress was a meeting in
Philadelphia of delegates from the 12 colonies in
1774.
• In this meeting, delegates debated on what to do
about the Intolerable Acts.
• They decided to boycott British products and to
start militias throughout the colonies.
A militia is an army of citizens
who serve as soldiers during an
emergency.
A Minuteman was a colonial militia
volunteer who was prepared to fight at a
minute’s notice.
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were
conflicts between Massachusetts colonists
and British soldiers that started the
Revolutionary War in 1775.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Olive Branch Petition
Green Mountain Boys
Continental Army
Patriot
Loyalist
Battle of Bunker Hill
Blockade
Mercenary
Common Sense
Traitor
Declaration of
Independence
12. Preamble
13. Natural rights
14. Battle of Long Island
15. Battle of Trenton
16. Battle of Saratoga
17. Ally
18. Valley Forge
19. Battle of Cowpens
20. guerrilla
21. Siege
22. Battle of Yorktown
23. Treaty of Paris
24. ratify
The Olive Branch Petition was a peace
petition sent to King George by colonial
delegates after the battles of Lexington
and Concord declaring their loyalty to the
king asking him to repeal the Intolerable
Acts.
The olive branch
is symbol of
peace.
Ethan Allen
The Green Mountain Boys were Vermont
colonial militia led by Ethan Allen, which
made a surprise attack on Fort
Ticonderoga, giving Americans control of
the key route.
The Continental Army was the patriot
army established by the Second
Continental Congress to fight the British.
A Patriot was a colonist who favored
war against Great Britain.
A loyalist was a colonist who
remained loyal to Britain.
Battle of Bunker was the first major
battle of the Revolution in 1775.
• A blockade is the shutting off of a port to keep
people or supplies from moving in or out.
• Great Britain used their navy to blockade the
colonies so they could not get supplies from
foreign countries.
• A mercenary is a soldier who fights for
money and is often from a foreign country.
• The British hired mercenaries form
Germany called Hessians to fight the
patriots.
Common Sense was an essay published in
1776 by Thomas Paine that urged the
colonies to declare independence.
• A traitor is a person who betrays his or her
•
•
country.
Benedict Arnold (pictured below) betrayed
the Continental Army when he planned to
give the British West Point.
The plan was discovered and he fled to
join the British.
The Declaration of Independence is a 1776
document stating that the 13 English
colonies were a free and independent
nation.
A preamble is introduction to a
declaration, constitution or other
official document.
Natural Rights are rights that belong
to people from birth.
The Battle of Long Island was a 1776
battle in New York in which more than
1,400 Americans were killed, wounded or
captured.
The Battle of Trenton was a 1776 battle in New
Jersey in which George Washington’s troops
captured a Hessian encampment in a surprise
attack.
• The Battle of Saratoga was the first major
•
•
American victory in the Revolution, which ended
the British threat in New England in 1777.
Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led soldiers to an
American victory.
The Battle convinced France to support the
patriots.
An ally is a nation, or person, who works
with another for a common purpose.
France became our ally after the Battle of
Saratoga.
Valley Forge was the Pennsylvania site of
Washington’s Continental Army encampment
during the winter of 1777-1778.
The Battle of Cowpens was a 1781 battle in South
Carolina, where Americans won an important
victory over the British.
• Guerrilla is a term used for a soldier who uses hit
and run tactics against the enemy.
• Guerrilla warfare is the use of hit and run tactics.
A siege is a military blockade or
bombardment of an enemy town or
position in order to force it to surrender.
The Battle of Yorktown was the final battle
in the Revolution. This battle in 1781
forced the British to surrender.
Peace treaty between Great Britain and
the United States that recognized the
United States as an independent country.
Ratify means to approve of something.
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Causes
Taxation
Without
Representation
French
And
Indian War
Policies of
The King
Lexington
And
Concord
• After the French and Indian War, King George III
decided to reduce the debt of Great Britain from
the war by taxing the colonists.
• The colonists did not like this because they had
no say on the taxes that were imposed on them
by parliament. They called this taxation without
representation.
Below are some taxes imposed by Great Britain on the colonists.
Click on name of tax to find out about each.
Sugar
Act
Stamp
Act
Taxes
Townshend
Act
Tea
Act
• The Townshend Acts was a tax in 1767 that taxed
items used by industry like glass, paint and lead.
• The colonists protested the law by boycotting all
items taxed by the Townshend Acts.
• Colonists in Massachusetts also started
committee of correspondences to explain British
taxes.
• The Sugar Act was a 1764 tax on molasses
that was made in the colonies and exported to
other parts of the World.
• The colonists protested against this tax by
boycotting the sugar imported into the colonies
to make the molasses.
• The Sugar Act was repealed a year later.
•
•
•
•
The Stamp Act was a tax that replaced the
Sugar Act of 1764.
The Stamp Act of 1765 was a tax on paper
products, to include paper products like
legal documents, newspapers, and playing
cards.
The colonists protested the tax by
boycotting British paper products and
making their own paper.
The Sons of Liberty also were formed
during this time.
• The Tea Act was a 1774 law that let British
merchants sell their tea directly to the colonists
without going through colonial merchants.
• The colonists did not have to pay that much tax
on the tea, but still protested the tax because it
was another example of taxation without
representation.
• The colonists protested by boycotting tea and by
making their own tea.
• Eventually the Sons of Liberty protested the Tea
Act by planning the Boston Tea Party.
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• In 1774, members of the Sons of Liberty dressed
up like Native Americans and threw British tea
into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act.
• The Boston Tea Party made King George III mad.
• To punish the colonists, King George III had
parliament pass the Intolerable Acts.
• The French and Indian War was a war fought
between France and Great Britain between the
years 1754 to 1763.
• Great Britain won the war, but was in debt.
• To reduce the debt, King George III decided to
tax the colonists.
• Taxes weren’t the only things imposed on them that they did
not like.
• There were other policies of the King the colonists did not
like.
Click on the policies below to find out more.
Restrictive British
Policies
Navigation
Acts
Proclamation
Act of 1763
Quartering
Act
The Intolerable
Acts
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• The Boston Massacre was an event that took
place in 1770 in Boston that claimed the lives of
seven colonists.
• Colonists were protesting the Townshend Act
outside a British tax collectors office in Boston.
• Colonists started to harass and throw objects at
the soldiers sent to protect the tax collector.
• The soldiers then opened fire into the crowd
killing seven including Crispus Attucks, a Sons of
Liberty member and former slave.
• The Navigation Acts regulated trade between the
colonies and other countries.
• Colonists had to buy finished goods from Great
Britain and could not trade certain goods with
other countries.



The Proclamation Act of 1763 drew an imaginary
line down the center of the Appalachian Mountain
and restricted settlers from moving west of the
Appalachian Mountains into the Ohio River Valley.
The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a result of
Pontiac’s War.
Many colonists ignored the law and moved across
the Appalachian Mountains anyways.
• The Quartering Act required colonists to house
•
•
British Redcoats in their home.
Colonists had to pay for the soldiers food, drink
and clothing.
Colonist used riots to protest this policy
•
•
The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws created to
punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party.
There was several parts to these laws:
1. The Port of Boston was closed down until the colonist
paid for the tea destroyed.
2. The colonists could not have any more town meetings
except for once a year.
3. A new Quartering Act was imposed. More soldiers were
sent over to make sure no Boston Tea Parties took
place ever again.
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Below are a few of the patriot leaders who led the
Revolution.
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
Samuel Adams
Paul Revere
Patrick Henry
Ethan Allen
Benjamin Franklin
• Known as “The Father of our Country”, George
Washington was the Continental Army
commander during the American Revolution.
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of
Independence.
• John Adams co wrote the Declaration of
Independence with Thomas Jefferson.
• He was also the lawyer who represented the
British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre.
• Samuel Adams was the cousin of John Adams.
• He was a leader in the Sons of Liberty.
• He also organized the Committee of
Correspondence in Boston, Massachusetts.
• Benjamin Franklin was a diplomat during the war.
• He spent the war over in France getting the King
•
to supply money, men and ships for the
Continental Army.
It was through his efforts that France became our
biggest ally.
• Patrick Henry was another patriot from Virginia
•
who spoke out against the British.
In a famous for saying “Give me Liberty, or give
me Death”.
• Sons of Liberty member who was one of
•
two midnight riders.
He became famous for riding to Lexington
and Concord to warn the colonists that the
British were coming.
• Ethan Allen was the leader of the Vermont
•
militia known as the Green Mountain Boys.
Defeated the British at Fort Ticonderoga
on May 5, 1775 without firing a shot.
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British leaders during the Revolution:
King George III
John Burgoyne
Lord Cornwallis
• King George III was the king of Great
Britain during the Revolution.
• He was not liked by patriots because of
the policies he imposed on the colonists.
• John Burgoyne was a famous British general who came up
•
•
•
•
with a plan to defeat George Washington and the
Continental Army.
His plan called for three British armies to converge on
Albany New York from three different directions.
By capturing Albany, Burgoyne hoped to cut off separate
the New England colonies from the middle and southern
colonies.
Burgoyne believed that by capturing Albany and controlling
the Hudson River the Continental Army would be unable to
be resupplied.
His plan failed because two of his armies were defeated at
the battles of Saratoga and Fort Stanwixs.
• Lord Cornwallis was the leader British forces in
the Southern colonies.
• He eventually would be defeated by George
Washington and French forces at Yorktown,
Virginia in 1781.
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Bunker
Hill
Battle of
Long Island
Battle of
Trenton
Battle of
Saratoga
Valley
Forge
Lexington
And
Concord
Battle of
Cowpens
Battle of
Yorktown
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• The Declaration of Independence was written by
Thomas Jefferson adopted on July 4, 1776.
• There are three parts to the Declaration of
Independence:
Part 1: The Purpose of Government
Part 2: Wrongs Done by the King
Part 3: Declaring of Independence
• In the first part, Thomas Jefferson explained what the
purpose of government is.
• He stated that the purpose of government to protect
peoples natural rights, also called unalienable rights. These
are rights that are so basic that they cannot be taken away.
These rights in the Declaration of Independence are life,
liberty and property.
• He also stated that if a government abuses its power and
tries to take away these rights then the people have the
right alter or abolish the government and replace it with a
new one.
• In the second part, Thomas Jefferson lists all the
wrongs King George III has done to the colonies.
• In this long list of wrongs he mentions such
things as taxation without representation,
restricting of trade, and quartering of soldiers in
peoples homes.
• After explaining what the purpose of
government is and all the wrongs done by
the king, Jefferson then stated that the
colonies were now independent from
Great Britain.
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were
conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and
British soldiers that started the Revolutionary
War in 1775.
The Battle of Long Island was a 1776
battle in New York in which more than
1,400 Americans were killed, wounded or
captured.
The Battle of Trenton was a 1776 battle in
New Jersey in which George Washington’s
troops captured a Hessian encampment in
a surprise attack.
• Battle of Bunker was the first major battle of the
Revolution in 1775.
• It was a British victory even though the British
lost more soldiers than the Americans.
Valley Forge was the Pennsylvania site of
Washington’s Continental Army
encampment during the winter of 17771778.
The Battle of Cowpens was a 1781 battle
in South Carolina, where Americans won
an important victory over the British.
The Battle of Yorktown was the final battle
in the Revolution. This battle in 1781
forced the British to surrender.
• The Battle of Saratoga was the first major American victory
in the Revolution, which ended the British threat in New
England in 1777.
• Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led soldiers to an American
victory.
• The Battle convinced France to support the patriots.
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were
conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and
British soldiers that started the Revolutionary
War in 1775.
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Protest Methods used by colonists to protest British
policies.
1. Boycott
2. Sons of Liberty
3. Committee of Correspondence
4. Tar and Feathering
5. Militias
6. Diplomacy
• Boycott is the refusal to buy a good
or service.
• A militia is an army of citizens who serve as
soldiers during an emergency.
• The First Continental Congress started militias in
every colonies to protest the Intolerable Acts in
1774.
• Diplomacy is the solving of problems between to
opposing groups by communicating and
discussions.
• The colonists used this on several occasions to try
get King George III to change British policies in
the colonies.
• An example of this is the Olive Branch Petition
sent to the King after Lexington and Concord.
The Olive Branch Petition was a peace
petition sent to King George by colonial
delegates after the battles of Lexington
and Concord declaring their loyalty to the
king asking him to repeal the Intolerable
Acts.
The olive branch is
symbol of peace.
Committee of Correspondence was a letter
writing campaign that became a major
tool of protest in the colonies.
• The Sons of Liberty were a protest group that
•
•
•
formed after the Stamp Act.
They protested against British taxes.
They took part in the Boston Tea Party.
They also intimated tax collectors using tar and
feathering.
• Tar and feathering was a tactic used by colonists
to intimidate tax collectors into not collecting
taxes.
• Colonists would dump hot tar onto tax collector
and then put chicken feathers onto victim.
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