Militarism-a focus on heavy build up and use of military equipment.
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Conflict-problem or troubling issue that can cause problems without compromise.
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Alliances-the cooperation and organization of nations into teams.
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Power-the authority to control citizens by using regulations and laws.
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Leadership-the method of setting examples positive or negative for others to follow.
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Imperialism-the act of stronger nations taking over weaker nations.
Nationalism-an extreme and sometimes dangerous devotion to a nation/country.
Trade-the act of buying and selling goods between nations.
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Idealism-a way of thinking that stresses optimism and positive thinking.
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Isolationism-the act of staying away from alliances and foreign nations.
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Mobilization-the act of coming together to gather war supplies to win a war.

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Nationalism
Propaganda
Militarism
Causes of WWI
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
Isolationism
Modern war techniques
Treaty of Paris

Militarism
Who were the “good guys” and why?________
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Alliances
Key incident #1 that provoked the United States-
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Imperialism/Isolationism
Causes of World War I
M.A.I.N.
Key incident #2 that provoked the United States-
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Who were the “bad guys” and why?_____________________
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Nationalism

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(1) Desire to be
in order to
other countries.
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(2) Desire to defend themselves from powerful countries.

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France got their butts kicked
by Germany and needed help.
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The United States wanted to remain neutral and isolate
[isolationism] itself from the rest of the world.
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The United States came to their aid and joined their alliance in
1917.
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American firepower and industrial power was the key the Triple Entente’s victory.

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Extreme feelings of pride for a country.
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Feeling jealous, envious, suspicious, fearful or hateful toward another country.
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These “feelings” can be
by a government’s leadership.

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In June of 1914 The Archduke of
Autria-Hungary was assassinated by a “crazy” person who did not like him.
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Germany, his country’s ally, believed its enemies were behind his murder and started to get its troops ready to attack countries such as France and
England.

•In May of 1915 a passenger cruise ship, RMS
Lusitania, was sunk by a
German U-Boat [submarine] off the coast of Ireland killing nearly 2,000 people including almost 200
Americans.
•This aggression caused the
Americans to be even angrier at Germany and made them confident they made the correct decision to fight them and eventually win.

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Many new weapons were invented for use during the
Great War .
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Such as?
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Machine guns, warplanes, land mines, tanks, chemical gas and gas masks.
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Purpose?
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To kill or injure as many people as possible.

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TanksSoldiers were able to travel on the battlefield quickly with protection and heavy firepower.
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LandminesSoldiers were able to place explosive devices beneath the ground in order to injure, maim or kill without great risk to themselves.
Mines activated by weight pressure of person walking on top of mine.
Exception: Landmines would sometimes malfunction and kill the person placing it.

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The principal
goal of war is to destroy the enemy.
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Two basic goals during war.
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Attacking (offense) or defending against attack (defense).
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Tactic used both on offense and defense were trenches .

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The most dangerous area on the World War I battlefield was No Man’s
Land.
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The area between enemy trenches exposed troops to enemy fire and land mines.
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Stalemates were often ended when troops entered No Man’s Land.

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Using propaganda.
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What is that?
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Speeches, books, posters or images used to influence someone.
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Sometimes they are meant to
people.
or

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•The foreign secretary of
Germany, Arthur
Zimmerman, in January of
1917 sent a telegram [old version of a text message] to the president of Mexico in
“code” asking him to attack the U.S. in exchange for return of territories [Texas,
New Mexico, and Arizona].
•The telegram was intercepted and angered the
U.S. to the point of joining the allies against Germany.

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To attempt to control Germany’s up and coming powerful navy the
British decided to blockade German ports.
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Every ship German or not was stopped by England and inspected for
contraband [illegal cargo including military weapons].
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Germany responded by declaring it would sink any ship around
English waters using U-boats [submarines].
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Germany sank many ships including the Lusitania in 1915.

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President Wilson for several years attempted to keep the
U.S. neutral and isolated from European conflict.
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He hoped his idealism could be viewed as constructive to world peace.
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However, after German aggression via unrestricted U-boat
submarine warfare and plotting with Mexico to invade the
U.S. he had no choice but to enter WWI.
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Wilson promised to break off connections with Germany if they continued unrestricted submarine warfare. Germany got nervous and promised to end its bombing called the
Sussex Pledge.
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To supply military personnel the U.S. Congress passed the
Selective Service Act in 1917 requiring men 21-30 to register for the draft.
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A random lottery would determine who was called to serve first.

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Because of the power of Big Business and his crusade against them
Wilson almost lost his re-election bid in 1916.
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However, because many citizens did not want to change president during the war Wilson won the election by less that 500,000 votes.
Democrat
Woodrow Wilson
Republican
Charles Evan Hughes

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Isolationism was rejected by most Americans after
Americans died aboard the
Lusitania and the Zimmerman
Telegram was made public.
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The first woman elected to the
U.S. Congress Jeanette
Rankin to represent a district in Montana.
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She voted against a declaration of war against
Germany and she was ruined publicly.
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She voted for a draft to get
Americans to think about the consequences of a world war.

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Millions of American men were drafted or volunteered for service in World War I.
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Almost 400,000 African-American men were drafted as well but they were unfortunately placed into segregated units with only white commanders.
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American soldiers who fought fiercely and victoriously came to be known as
doughboys.
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The origin of the name is unclear but many people believe it either came from the chalky white dust that covered uniforms during the Mexican-American War or from the types of food they cooked in the field which was usually biscuits and rice.

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General John J. Pershing Commander of the American Expeditionary
Force
General John J. Pershing, also known as
Black jack had been well known for his pursuit of Mexican rebel leader Pancho
Villa in 1911.
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General Pershing was assigned by
President Wilson to lead the American
Expeditionary Force [U.S. armed forces army and marines] against the Central
Powers in Europe.
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Pershing was well known for his refusal to allow U.S. troops to be integrated [mixed into] into British and French forces.
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He believed U.S. forces should be lead by
U.S. commanders . Wilson supported his decision.

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The Allied Powers [led by the U.S.] defeated the Central Powers by
1918.
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The Germans were forced to surrender.
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Everyone involved in the war met at
Versailles to negotiate a treaty.
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Forced to pay damages].
reparations [pay
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Forced to sign a treaty.
guilt clause [take blame for starting the war] on the
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Forbidden to possess a military
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The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty because it would limit its exclusive power to declare war.

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During WWI Russia had been part of the Triple Entente [later the Allied
Powers.
The Russian Tsar [King] had not handled Russia's involvement very well and many Russian citizens suffered food and fuel shortages.
Many Russian citizens were furious with the Russian royal family. Tsar
Nicholas II abdicated [gave up] his throne in 1917.
The Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the temporary
Russian government that was set up after the Tsar abdicated.
Bolsheviks withdrew from the Allied Powers to focus on creating a strong communist party and made Germany’s task to win the war easier.

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Towards the very end of World War I President Woodrow Wilson gave a speech to a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918.
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The purpose of the speech was to assure the United States that
America’s purpose in the war and its aftermath was just .
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Wilson laid out 14 main points but perhaps the most important were points 1-5 and 14.
[1] There should be an end to all secret diplomacy amongst countries.
[2] Freedom of the seas in peace and war
[3] The reduction of trade barriers among nations
[4] The general reduction of armaments
[5] The adjustment of colonial claims in the interest of the inhabitants as well as of the colonial powers
[14] A league of nations to protect "mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small nations alike."

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President Wilson’s 14 th Point wanted to create a League of Nations.
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The League of Nations was intended to act as a world wide alliance to prevent future wars.
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However, members of the U.S.
Senate who were known as
Reservationists because they had reservations [doubts] about the
League refused to allow the treaty to be ratified.
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According to the Senator Henry
Cabot Lodge [leader of the reservationists] only Congress had the power to declare war and this treaty would give foreign nations power to bring the U.S. into future wars.

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Select and complete one of the following assignments:
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Write and deliver a 1-2 minute speech about General Pershing’s decision to maintain command over U.S. troops instead of allowing them to be integrated into British and French forces.
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Write a 1-page news article describing Tsar Nicholas’ abdication and the Bolshevik Party’s decision to leave the Allied Powers.
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Give a 5-minute group presentation about your opinions of
President Wilson’s 14 Points [1-5, 14]. No more than 4 people in a group.
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Draw a 6-panel cartoon strip explaining the U.S. Senate’s rejection of the Treaty of Versailles [Be as specific as possible].

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http://web.mala.bc.ca/davies/H482.WWI/poster.Br.OnceGermanAlwaysGerman.1918.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickelhaube&h http://www.ww1-propaganda-cards.com/home2.JPG
http://www.ww1-propaganda-cards.com/images/wall11v.JPG
http://www.worldwar1.com/photos/gkais.jpg
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/virtual/portrait/kaiserwill2.jpg
http://www.geocities.com/bard842/bismarck.jpg
http://www.mdln.hws.edu/german/moderne/Bismarck-1871.gif
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Franz_ferdinand.jpg
http://lettres-histoire.ac-rouen.fr/histgeo/triple_alliance_small.png
http://www.illuminati-news.com/graphics/militarism.gif
http://www.globalterrorism101.com/files/trench_warfare.jpg
http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/v/vex-usff.gif
http://uk.gizmodo.com/french%20flag.jpg
http://www.klaus-gritsteinwerk.de/Bilder/German%20Flag.gif
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/7/7b/300px-Vickers_IWW.jpg
http://www.marnieko.com/must.jpg
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/assets/jb/jazz/jb_jazz_wwi_2_e.jpg
http://www.historyonthenet.com/WW1/images/versaillesfour.jpg
http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/library/features/featmo/images/wwi_tank.jpg
http://www.davestravelcorner.com/photos/cambodia/landmines.jpg
http://images-mediawiki-sites.thefullwiki.org/03/1/2/0/53429672656876802.jpg
http://webzoom.freewebs.com/spikkel/uboat.gif
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rankin-Jeannette-170227.jpg
http://hhsapush.wikispaces.com/file/view/selective_serv.jpg/33570611/selective_serv.jpg
http://dancutlermedicalart.com/AlbertEinstein%27sZionism/images/250%20pixels/1900-1919/1919%20Woodrow%20Wilson.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Governor_Charles_Evans_Hughes.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HAB_ww1_1918.jpg
http://wwii.ca/photos/vimy/vimy_19.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ncyPTEcrX7o/SwtsKk4_4nI/AAAAAAAAAS8/YkZUvfvok2s/s1600/Somme+1916.jpg
http://www.defense.gov/dodcmsshare/newsstoryPhoto/2008-07/hrs_080711-C-9999C-004.jpg
http://fineartamerica.com/images-medium/john-j-pershing-war-is-hell-store.jpg
http://apush-wiki-marlborough-school.wikispaces.com/file/view/League_of_Nations_cartoon_from_Punch_-
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http://www.milestonedocuments.com/images/sized/images/content/people_events/03676u_A-209x291.jpg