Do Now: Monday
• On a blank sheet of 11/1
paper,
title it Unit 2: Population &
Migration
•
Respond to the following
question:
•
•
•
•
•
What is the total population
of the world?
of the US?
of Maryland?
of Baltimore MSA?
of Baltimore City?
Populations
• Of the world: 6,878,700,000
• Of the US: 307,006,550
• Of Maryland: 5,699,478
• Of Baltimore MSA: 2.65 million
• Of Baltimore City: 636,919
Objective 11/1
• We will introduce the central concepts
behind the geography of population
• We will examine ways that geographers
analyze population size and distribution
throughout the world
Homework/Updates:
• You are responsible to bring your book to
class every day.
• Read Chapter 2 Key Issues before each day’s
presentation.
• You will be held responsible for the
vocabulary in each Key Issue that is listed on
each day. Be prepared for open/closed note
quizzes at any time.
• Refer to the AP HUG calendar on board or
website for reading and quiz schedule.
•
•
•
•
Unit 2: Population &
Migration
Ch. 2 Focus Questions:
What factors determine the size,
characteristics, movement, and distribution
of people throughout the world?
How has the world’s population changed
throughout human history? Why?
Based on a geographic analysis of the
world, is it becoming dangerously
overpopulated?
Population
• Why is it important to study population?
• 6.5 billion people alive, more than any
other time in history
• population increasing at faster rate
than ever in history
• all global population growth is
concentrated in LDCs
Did you know...
• How is the importance of population
size and growth represented in the
following video?
• What implications does this information
have on our country, and your future?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emx9
2kBKads
•
World Population
Trends...
Based on the
following chart,
write a 1
sentence
description
describing a
trend in world
population
throughout
history.
•
What factors
account for the
recent explosion
in population?
Population Growth
•
•
•
•
The world’s population is
growing exponentially.
Most of the growth is in
LDCs
More MDCs are at 0
population growth
Some in Eastern Europe
(Russia) are declining in
population. Why?
Russia recently
offered a bonus of
250,000 rubles (about
$9,200) to women
who would have a
second child.
Population Growth
• What factors influence population
growth...
• amount of food
• birth rates
• life span
• culture
• contraceptives
Take 2 minutes and identify
2 other topics that are
directly related to population
size and growth throughout
the world.
Population Growth
•
•
•
Why do you think population is growing most rapidly in
LDCs?
80% of the world’s pop. live in LDCs in Africa, Asia, and
Latin America
What factors influence population growth or decline?
KI: 1 -Where is the
world’s population
distributed?
• Demography
- the study of population
characteristics - use data like census
statistics
•
•
(structure, change, dynamics)
Demographics - the study of
characteristics of the population
•
•
demographic data - specific data used
to profile certain groups - used in
marketing, political research and
campaigning
controversy behind demographics “profiling” groups of people
• Expansion
of
the Ecumene
5000 BC AD 1900
75% live on only
5% of the Earth’s
surface
Fig. 2-3 (pg. 50): The ecumene, or
the portion of the earth with
permanent human
settlement, has expanded
to cover most of the world’s
land area.
World Population Map
Assignment
• Where do people live throughout the world?
• 4 main regions: East Asia, South Asia,
Southeast Asia, western & central Europe, and
Northeastern US and Canada
• What is the distribution of people throughout the
world? (density)
• How do geographers measure this distribution?
(arithmetic, physiological, and agricultural
density)
Arithmetic Population Density
Fig. 2-4: Arithmetic population density is the number of people per total land area. The
highest densities are found in parts of Asia and Europe.
Arithmetic Population Density
This is an example of a choropleth map: each section is shaded according to a common
criteria.
Arithmetic Population
Density
Arithmetic Population
Density
Arithmetic Population
Density
Arithmetic Population
Density
Physiological Density
Fig. 2-5: Physiological density is the number of people per arable
land area. This is a good measure of the relation between
population and agricultural resources in a society.
Agricultural Density
• Agricultural Density: ratio of the number of
farmers to the amount of arable land.
• US and Canada have lower agric. densities
than India and Bangledesh.
• Why would the US have fewer farmers per
acre of arable land? What is different about
farming in the US vs. India or a more LDC?
Do Now: 11/3
• Take out your population map.
Review your definitions for
arithmetic, physiological, and agricultural density.
• Respond to the following question:
• Which measure of density is the best indicator as to
whether a country will have enough food to feed their
people?
• Which measure of density would be the best indicator of
a country’s level of development?
Measures of Population Density
Quick Review
• The most rapid growth in population is occurring in
_____
• The most populous country in the world is ______
• A country with a large amount of arable land and a
small number of farmers will have a _____ agricultural
density.
• 75% of the world’s population lives on 5% of the
earth’s surface. The portion where humans live is
called the _______.
Population Growth &
Decline
Focus Questions
• What are the basic factors of a society the will
determine whether their population grows or
declines?
• What factors influence the fertility and mortality of
a country?
• How does the level of development relate to the
fertility and mortality of a country?
• What are the implications for the current
trends in worldwide population growth and
decline? Challenges to MDCs and LDCs.
CIA Report
• Assignment: You are a CIA analyst
responsible for evaluating and predicting
worldwide trends in population growth
and decline. Based on the the
information below, write an executive
summary explaining the relationship
between level of development and
population growth, and generalize what
challenges these data present to MDCs
and LDCs. You might be asked to
deliver your report to your colleagues in
the World Demography Unit, so make it
good.
• The security of our nation depends on it.
Fertility & Mortality
• You have 15 minutes to work in your groups and complete
the following:
• define your measure
• explain your map/figure related to your measure
• create a rhyme or hand signal to help remember your
measure
• identify whether your measure would be high, low, or
mixed between MDCs and LDCs
• explain why for each
• all members of group should be prepared to share
• this will be collected at the end of class
Review
• IMR
• CDR
• Life Expectancy
• NIR
• TFR
• CBR
• doubling rate
Reminders
• Vocab Quiz tomorrow Key Issues 1&2
• Chapter 2 Key Issue Worksheets are on
website. (Key Issue 2 will not be necessary
based on today’s activity.)
• Read Chapter 2 Key Issue 4 for tomorrow.
Be prepared to discuss Malthus’ theory on
overpopulation.
• Books every day.
Do Now: 11/4
• Sit in your groups from yesterday and get out
your Population Growth and Decline report.
• You will 4 minutes to discuss your answers
with your group.
• Each member of your group will be
responsible for explaining your specific
measure, so you must have complete and
accurate information.
Overpopulation
• How would you define
overpopulation?
• How do geographers define
overpopulation?
• When an area’s population
exceeds the capacity of
the environment to support
it at an acceptable
standard of living.
• What are the variables in
this definition?
What do you think about
this?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Na9jV_OJI
• How might this dramatization relate to a
discussion of overpopulation issues?
Overpopulation?
•
•
•
Do
you
think
overpopulation
is
a
threat facing the world http://www.breathingearth.net/
today?
What kind of problems
emerge
from
overpopulation?
What
does
overpopulation have to
do with topics that we
have already studied like urbanization?
Do Now: 11/5
• Pick up a scrap paper and take a seat in your
groups that we were in yesterday.
• Take out your Population Growth Report and
be prepared to comment on the following
questions:
• What is the relationship between development
and population growth or decline?
• What future trends do you predict for
population sizes in MDCs? LDCs?
Vocab Quiz
• Pick two words.
You will write one sentence that
relates these two words in a way that demonstrates
understanding of both.
• Example: Malthus & Demographic Transition Model
• Malthus predicted that the world population would
grow exponentially with no limits, but the
Demographic Transition Model shows how the
population of Industrialized countries stabilize
because people start having fewer and fewer
children.
Objective 11/5
• We will examine prominent geographic
theories regarding overpopulation
• We will create a Children’s Book called: The
Demographic Transition to demonstrate
understanding of said model
Overpopulation
• “The [former] director of the
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency,
Gen. Michael Hayden, when
asked to pinpoint which issue
was of most pressing concern to
him, said that the most
troublesome threat facing the
U.S. and the world today is not
terrorism or global warming, but
overpopulation, especially in the CIA Director,
General Michael
poorest parts of the planet.”
•
•
http://www.modernrecession.com/Overpopulation%20and%20Job%20L
osses.pdf
Do you agree or disagree with this
statement?
Hayden
• The rapid growth of the world's
population, according to
Hayden, may lead to fueling
further instability and
extremism, along with
exacerbating worsening
climate change, and making
fuel and food much scarcer.
Population, Hayden argues, is
considered the prime multiplier
for all types of human ills.
• Debate Question: Is
overpopulation the greatest
threat facing our world
today?
Overpopulated
World?
• Malthus
• Neo-Malthusians
• Demographic Transition Model
Will the World Face an
Overpopulation
Problem?
•
What is the most immediate
challenge that overpopulation of the
earth poses to mankind?
– Food Supply
•
Thomas Malthus - English economist
and demographer
• Essay on the Principle of Population
1798 (time of Industrial Revolution
population explosion)
•
Basic premise: The population is
growing exponentially, however, the
food supply only increase
arithmetically
Malthus’ Theory
• What do you think Malthus
proposed as the solution to
this crisis?
• “moral restraint” to
produce lower CBR
• if not, overpopulation will
produce high CDR due
to disease, famine, war,
or other disasters
Malthus’ Critics
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is Malthus really recommending?
Why might that be controversial?
Malthus assumes that world resources are fixed
What happened to food production during the
Industrial Revolution?
Malthus did not understand the Demographic
Transition
Why was Malthus wrong?
Food &
Population,
1950-2000
Malthus vs.
Actual Trends
Fig. 2-20: Malthus predicted population would grow faster than food production, but
food production actually expanded faster than population in the 2nd half of
the 20th century.
Neo-Malthusians
• Many believe that a “Malthusian” catastrophe could
still occur
1. Sustainability - How will we keep up with food
demand w/ a pop. of 10 billion?
2. Increasing per capita demand - avg. 1st world
citizen consumes 8X the 3rd world citizen. As the
world becomes more developed, so will the
demand for more food.
3. Natural Resource Depletion - over-consumption of
other resources like timber, minerals, energy and
non-renewables. Will a world of 10 billion have
enough materials to create shelters and energy to
heat homes?
Overpopulation
• Is overpopulation the greatest threat
facing the world today?
• What are your initial reactions to this
question? What do we need to know to
be able to debate this question?
Do Now: 11/8
• How do
geographers define
overpopulation?
•
•
Who was Malthus
and what was his
theory regarding
world
over/population?
Why was he wrong?
Fig. 2-20: Malthus predicted population would grow faster than food production, but
food production actually expanded faster than population in the 2nd half of
the 20th century.
World Population
Growth
• What does world population growth look
like on a map?
• http://www.breathingearth.net/
• As you analyze the following map,
respond to this question: What are
the geographic patterns or trends that
you see regarding population growth
and/or CO2 consumption?
Demographic Transition
Model
• shows what happens to a country’s
population as it becomes industrialized.
• Countries move forward not backwards
• Tracks Birth Rate, Death Rate, and
Total Population
Demographic
Transition
Model
• You will create a children’s book explaining the
demographic transition model. Your children’s book
Children’s
Book
must include
the following components:
•
•
•
•
•
A cover sheet
Introduction to Demography
Simple explanations for each of the stages in the DTM
Conclusion - Why is this model significant? What does
this model mean for our world?
The book must be written simply and in your own
Your Demographic
Transition Model
• 3 colors for Birth Rate, Death Rate, and
Total Population
• define each stage on the back
World Population
Movie
• While watching the video, fill in as much
detail as you can on your Demographic
Transition Model
• http://www.ined.fr/en/everything_about_
population/animations/world_population
/
Stage 1
• Hunting & Gathering Societies
• unstable food sources
• high death, high birth, low population
• no countries in stage 1 in today’s world
Stage 2
• Agricultural Societies
• very basic farming - no tech.
• more stable food sources
• sharp increase in population
• death rate declines sharply
• most African countries in stage 2
Stage 3
• Industrial societies
• mechanized farming
• children don’t work, more women work TFR goes down
• United States today (why stage 3 not stage
4?)
• Birth Rate drops Why?
• Death Rate already low keeps falling Why?
Stage 4
• Tertiary / Service-Based Societies
• Birth & Death rates almost equal
• zero population growth
• When TFE falls below 2, what happens?
• fewer children - Why?
• economic liability
• greater control over fertility - contraceptives
DTM - Summary
• Take 5-7 minutes and write the 1st draft
introductory paragraph to your
children’s book.
• Explain what the demographic transition
model is and what it demonstrates.
Do Now: Tuesday
11/9
• Take a seat in your groups.
•
•
•
Take out your notes and
label your sheet: Population
Pyramids
Get out your textbook and
turn to Ch. 2 Key Issue 3
Answer: What happens to a
country’s population as it
goes through the
demographic transition?
Population Pyramids
• A bar graph displaying a country’s
age/gender distribution.
• Takes current demographic data and
displays it visually.
Pop. Pyramids &
Demographic Transition
Model
• What is the relationship between
population pyramids and the
demographic transition model?
Stage 1 of Dem.
Trans.
•
What are the
characteristics of
Stage 1 - how do
you see these in
the Pop. Pyramid?
Stage 2
• Cape Verde - What happened in this
country?
•
What is currently happening in this
country?
Stage 3
• What has happened to Chile over the
past 100+ years?
• How do you know that they are in Stage
3 by looking at the population pyramid?
Stage 4
• What is happening to this population?
• When did the population of Denmark
begin to decline?
1. City
Do Now:
Thursday 11/11
•
•
Find your name on
the sheet and sit in
your group.
2. County
Look at the
following population
pyramids, and
describe what you
think is going on in
that region based
on the data
3. City
presented.
Population Pyramids
Review
• What information can we get from
population pyramids?
• How much time does a population
pyramid cover?
• Why are they useful to look at?
Objective
• We will evaluate how economic,
political, and cultural factors
influence population growth and/or
decline throughout the world.
Reminders:
• Today: Demographic Transition
Children’s Book
• Monday 11/15 Vocab Quiz All of
Chapter 2
• Friday 11/19 Chapter 3 Quiz
• 12/1 & 12/2 Unit 2 Test
• Friday 12/3 North Africa Map Quiz
Unit 2 Focus
Questions
• Where is the world’s population distributed?
• How do geographers measure population
increase and decline? TFR, IMR, CBR, CDR,
NIR
• How can population growth and decline data
be visualized?
• How do economic, political, and cultural
factors influence population growth and
decline?
Economic Factors
• How does economic development
impact population growth and/or
decline?
• www.gapminder.org
• Income vs. Life Expectancy
• Income vs. CBR & TFR
• Income vs. IMR
Political Factors
• China - One Child Policy
• Why?
• How?
• What would you expect
might happen?
• intended & unintended
consequences
• Cultural factors
influencing impact
Political Factors
• What kind of political
factors would you
expect to influence
population
growth/decline?
Political Factors
• Women’s rights
• Gapminder: Literacy
rate for adult females
vs. TFE
• predictions?
• http://www.moe.gov.pk
/MDGs/Millennium%2
0Development%20Go
als%20Gender%20Eq
uality.htm
Cultural Factors
• What kind of cultural
factors would you expect
to influence population
growth/decline?
Cultural Factors
• Christianity in Africa
• prevent from using birth control
Do Now: 11/12
• Pick up the 1st Quarter Summary
• Quickly take your seats in your groups.
• You will have 15 minutes to complete it.
• 20 pts will be given as each question is
answered in detail.
Objectives
• We will evaluate how economic,
political, and cultural factors
influence population growth and/or
decline throughout the world.
• We will review student selected
concepts from the Ch. 2 Quiz
Article Summary
• You will take 5 minutes to discuss your
article. Compare your notes on the
economic, political, and/or cultural
factors mentioned, they will be
collected.
• All group members should be prepared
provide a brief summary of the article
issue, and the factors involved.
Free Write
• On the scrap of paper, write a 1-2
sentence response to the following
question. Refer to specific information
that we learned today:
• How do economic, political, and
cultural factors influence
population growth and decline?
Reminders:
• This Monday 11/15 Vocab Quiz All of
Chapter 2
• For this Monday: Read Ch. 3 Key Issue
1
• Monday 11/22 Chapter 3 Quiz (20
questions)
• 12/1 & 12/2 Unit 2 Test
• Friday 12/3 North Africa Map Quiz
Do Now: 11/15
• Pick up a scrap of paper
and take a seat in your
groups.
• Write your name on the
scrap of paper and label
it : Chapter 2 Vocab Quiz
#2
•
Do Now Pt. 2 : 11/15
Take out your Unit 2 notes
and respond to the
following questions:
•
•
What are the different
kinds of health threats /
diseases that threaten
population growth?
Can you give an
example of a health
threat that would only
apply to an LDC? an
MDC?
Objective
• We will evaluate
how different
health threats
impact countries
differently by
applying the
epidemiologic
transition.
Focus Questions
1. What have been, and are today the most
significant world health threats?
2. Why and how do different health threats impact
different countries?
3. How does understanding these differences
help us to prevent and/or eradicate these
sicknesses?
News
Report
Activity
• In your groups, you will create a news report
explaining a specific sickness.
•
In your report, you will address the following
information:
•
•
•
•
•
Where (& when) this sickness would most likely
take place.
Specific details about your sickness.
How is this sickness spread?
How worried should people be? What should they
do?
What will be the likely end result of this sickness?
Epidemiology
• Chapter 2 Key Issue 4
• Branch of medical
science
• concerned with
diseases that impact
large numbers of
people
• Why do you think
epidemiology is so
closely related to
geography?
Epidemiological
Transition
• Explains primary causes of death in
each stage of the demographic
transition
• Developed by Omran in 1971
Epidemiological
Transition
• Stage 1: Stage of Pestilence and
Famine
• What causes high CDR in stage 1 of
the demographic transition?
• In stage 1, death is caused by
starvation, disease, and general
danger of living in the prehistoric
world.
Epidemiological
Transition
• Stage 2: Stage of Receding Pandemics
• Stage 2: What happens during stage
2 of demographic transition?
• Stage 2 ET: High death rates persist
among the poor.
• Ex. cholera - prevalent in urban
areas
Epidemiological
Transition
• Stage 3: Stage of
Degenerative and
Human-Created
Diseases
• less infectious disease
- more chronic
disorders from aging
(examples?)
• Cardiovascular (heart)
and various cancers
Epidemiological
Transition
• Stage 4: Delayed
Degenerative Diseases
• Cardiovascular (heart)
and cancers
• Old people kept alive
through medical tech.
•
Epidemiological
Transition
Stage 5: Reemergence of Infectious and
Parasitic Diseases
•
return of infectious diseases
•
•
•
•
microbes evolve
poverty
improved travel
How would each of these cause the
spread of infectious diseases?
Example: H1N1
• Swine Flu
• What was it?
• How was it spread?
• What was the impact?
• Which stage would it fit into?
H1N1 Newscast
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIqL9
9_NBlU
Instructions
• Directions: Your group will create a
newscast describing, warning, and
predicting the impact of a specific
sickness. Use your knowledge of the
epidemiological transition (pgs. 72-75)
to provide accurate information on the
time and place of the sickness, the
cause of its spread, and its likely
impact. Your news report can take
place at any time and any place in
history.
Exit Ticket
• What factors determine the stage of
sicknesses that will impact a country?
• Why do countries today still suffer from
stage 1 and 2 sicknesses?
• Why are some stage 1 and 2
sicknesses reoccurring in MDCs today?
Chapter 2 Quiz
Questions
• Take out your Chapter 2 quizzes.
• Take 2 minutes to identify the question
that you still have no idea what that
question means and write it down on
your slip of paper.