Pre-Quiz #1
Identify the 3 major goals to American Imperialism.
1.
2.
3.
WORD BANK
Imperialism
Carl Schurz
reformer
national interest
corollary
isolationism
Josiah Strong
realism
Monroe Doctrine
Dollar Diplomacy
intervene
Alfred T. Mahan
idealism
Western Hemisphere
Moral Diplomacy
Henry Cabot Lodge
Social Darwinism
Anglo-Saxon Civilization
Big Stick Policy
Self-Determination
5.
To involve yourself deliberately in a situation, especially in a conflict or
dispute, in order to influence what is happening and, most often, to
prevent undesirable consequences.
6.
The political, military, or economic domination of one country over
another.
7.
A government policy based on the belief that national interests are best
served by avoiding economic and political alliances with other countries.
8.
A social theory stating that the political and economic advantages in a
developed society are gained from the biological advantages of its
collective membership (i.e. survival of the fittest).
9.
A set of goals that a country considers to be important.
Pre-Quiz #2
1. Identify the 3 major goals to American
Imperialism.
2. Provide an example for each motivation.
3. Provide an example as to why some
Americans were against imperialism.
WORD BANK
Henry Cabot Lodge; Carl Schurz; Josiah Strong; Alfred T. Mahan;
realism;
idealism
1.
A naval officer and historian who believed that U.S. foreign policy should become
a world power by building a strong navy via ships and acquiring convenient
coaling stations.
2.
An anti-imperialist politician who believed that the U.S. should defend its
interests, but our policy should promote peace, not conquest.
3.
A Christian missionary (someone who goes to another country to spread his/her
religious faith) who believed it was the duty of the U.S. to morally spread its
Anglo-Saxon civilization to the dark places of the world.
4.
A United States Senator who encouraged America to expand in order to
economically compete with other countries.
5.
The U.S. foreign policy that focuses on practical (realistic) concerns and national
self-interest (what we can gain from this experience: natural resources, Panama
Canal, etc).
6.
The U.S. foreign policy that focuses on moral values (right vs. wrong) and the
spread of American ideals (democracy and capitalism).
Pre-Quiz #3
1. Identify the 3 major goals to American Imperialism.
2. If REALISM focuses on what we can gain (i.e. natural
resources, Panama Canal, etc.) from taking over other
countries, which of the following gentlemen would be most
likely to agree with the policy of REALISM?
Henry Cabot Lodge Carl Schurz Josiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan
3. If IDEALISM focuses on the moral values (right vs. wrong)
and the spread of American ideals, which of the following
gentlemen would be most likely to agree with the policy of
IDEALISM?
Henry Cabot Lodge Carl Schurz Josiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan
WORD BANK
Imperialism
Carl Schurz
reformer
national interest
corollary
isolationism
Josiah Strong
realism
Monroe Doctrine
Dollar Diplomacy
intervene
Alfred T. Mahan
idealism
Western Hemisphere
Moral Diplomacy
Henry Cabot Lodge
Social Darwinism
Anglo-Saxon Civilization
Big Stick Policy
Self-Determination
4.
A term used by Josiah Strong that refers to white Englishspeaking peoples.
5.
The political principle that stated that Europe should no longer
involve itself in the Western Hemisphere.
6.
A proposition or statement that is a logical extension of a
principle or an original idea.
7.
A person or a movement that tries to make change or tries to
change others.
8.
The half of the Earth that is to the west of the prime meridian,
including North and South America and portions of western
Europe and Africa.
WORD BANK
Imperialism
Carl Schurz
reformer
national interest
corollary
9.
isolationism
Josiah Strong
realism
Monroe Doctrine
Dollar Diplomacy
intervene
Alfred T. Mahan
idealism
Western Hemisphere
Moral Diplomacy
Henry Cabot Lodge
Social Darwinism
Anglo-Saxon Civilization
Big Stick Policy
Self-Determination
Roosevelt’s strong-arm approach to foreign affairs was modeled
after this West African proverb.
10. Taft’s policy was to encourage and protect American trade and
investment in Latin America.
11. One of Wilson’s policies was to promote and spread democratic
ideals, rather than economic investment or the use of force.
12. Another one of Wilson’s policies was to allow the right of the
foreign peoples to decide on their own government that was free
of outside influence.
13. After taking a look at questions 9-12, which of the president’s
policies would you MOST PREFER and LEAST PREFER?
Pre-Quiz #4
Evaluate and rank the four gentlemen’s views
towards American imperialism. Who would
you have most likely to have agreed with at
this time in American history? Why?
•
•
•
•
Henry Cabot Lodge:
Carl Schurz:
Josiah Strong:
Alfred T. Mahan:
Pre-Quiz #5: Identify and explain how the “Four
Schools” of American imperialism are represented in this
cartoon.
Pre-Quiz #6
1. Identify the names of the diplomatic
policies taken by Presidents Roosevelt,
Taft, and Wilson.
2. Explain what each of these policies
meant.
Pre-Quiz #7
1. Identify the names of the diplomatic policies taken by
Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.
2. Explain what each of these policies meant.
3. Explain how each of the following gentlemen would
react to each president’s foreign policy.
• Henry Cabot Lodge:
• Carl Schurz:
• Josiah Strong:
• Alfred T. Mahan:
American Imperialism
Roosevelt’s Great White Fleet
December 16, 1907, and February 22, 1909,
to demonstrate the strength of the new
American Navy (43,000 miles).
Motivating Factor #1: Military
• The Desire for Military Strength
– An increased military presence
to keep pace with European
powers
• British Army = 5x bigger
• British Navy = 10x bigger
– Modern naval fleet to protect
American business and
shipping interests around the
world;
– National prosperity depends on
control of the world’s sea lanes
(acquire naval bases all over the
world)
American Imperialism
Motivating Factor #2: Economic
• Thirst for new markets
– Raw materials needed to fuel America’s
industrial machine;
– New technology in the late 19th Century
created more goods than Americans could
ever consume;
– Overseas markets for American
agricultural & manufactured goods;
– Foreign trade would solve unemployment
& economic depression.
American Imperialism
Motivating Factor #3: Political
• The Belief in Cultural
Superiority
– Social Darwinism: a freemarket competition will lead
to the survival of the fittest;
– Belief in racial superiority of
Anglo-Saxons;
– Responsibility of spreading
Christianity and to civilize
the savage world
• (white man’s burden).
What about those who were opposed to the
ideals of American Imperialism?
Motivating Factor: Peaceful Measures
• Belief in Promoting Peace, Not Conquest.
– Defend America’s interests with dignity and
respect;
– We already have enough land with westward
settlement;
– Our economy can regulate itself;
– We have enough raw materials;
– We have too many domestic problems with
immigration and poverty;
– Who defines the “superior culture” anyway?
“A Man, A Plan, A Canal, Panama”
• American interest in Panama in 1850
built a railroad to transport Americans
during the California Gold Rush;
• French/United States wants to build a
canal on the Isthmus of Panama.
–
But the Isthmus of Panama belongs to
Colombia and Colombia says “No!”;
• Philippe Bunau-Varilla and Nelson
Cromwell’s bold plan;
• Panamanian Independence and
American control of the canal until
1999!!!
• American ingenuity: Locks which raise
and lower ships in order to move them
between two oceans;
• Cost to build: 5,600 lives and $387
million!
Atlantic
Ocean
The Annexation of Hawaii
• Did we acquire Hawaii legitimately?
• Businessmen, American minister, U.S.
soldiers overthrow Hawaii’s queen.
• 1959: 50th State & 90% support.
• Democratic principles?
–
Sanford Dole = Pineapple; became Hawaii’s president
without a single vote
• President Cleveland re-examined the
annexation of Hawaii
• President McKinley + Congress = Control of
Hawaii.
• 1993: President Clinton + Congress =
Apology.
The Spanish-American War
• President McKinley hesitant to go to war,
served in the Civil War
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore
Roosevelt pushes for war
• William Randolph Hearts and Joseph
Pulitzer work up war fever (Cubans
mistreated by Spanish);
• The USS Maine explodes in Havana
Harbor, America goes to war;
• US defeats Spain;
– Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam =
US territories.
• Platt Amendment = U.S. intervention in
Cuba to defend “life, property, and
individual liberties;
The Philippine-American War
• Sequel to the Spanish-American War:
250,000 lives lost;
• Mark Twain and other famous authors
suspicious of America’s intentions
• White Man’s Burden = U.S. has a duty to
“civilize” the “inferior Filipino culture.”
• Guerilla warfare vs. total war;
• Samar Island = U.S. soldiers killed anyone
capable of firing a gun;
• William Howard Taft as governor general,
“Filipinos our little brown brothers.”
• Lesson: Don’t overstretch our authority
overseas.
•
•
“Policing the Caribbean and Central America”
“Intervention in Haiti”
Germany demands a port in the Dominican
Republic, the U.S. says no;
Haiti experiences 102 revolts, wars, or coups
in only 72 years!!!
–
–
American intervention
Charlemagne Peralte resisted the U.S. His
dead body was photographed with a crucifix
and a Haitian flag as a warning
•
Roosevelt (Big Stick Policy): U.S. must
protect the Panama Canal and other
American interests
•
Intervention in Latin America had four steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Military Intervention
Train and fund the police and military
Sponser elections
Leave the country to govern itself
The Caribbean, Central America, and Haiti