SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES
7.2
OBJECTIVES
Analyze why industrialization took root in the
northern part of the United States.
 Describe the impact of industrialization on the
northern life.
 Analyze the reason that agriculture and slavery
became entrenched in the South.

KEY PARTS
The North Embraces Industry
 Social Change In the North
 Southern Agricultural Economy and Society

INTRODUCTION
Read Section 7.2
 Create a Venn diagram as shown on pg. 233 and
compare and contrast the North and the South.

THE NORTH EMBRACES VICTORY
The embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812 cut off
access to the British manufactured goods; thus
the Americans began building their own factories
to meet the needs of the citizens.
 Congress imposed the Tariff of 1816 on imported
goods, this would stimulate growth of American
Industry.
 The tariff increased the price of imported goods
by an average of 20 to 25 percent.

SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE NORTH
Factories hurt highly skilled artisans such as
blacksmiths, shoemakers, and tailors because of
the low cost laborers.
 The artisans worked to organize labor unionsgroups of workers who unite to seek better pay
and conditions.
 Labor unions were ineffective during the early
1800s.

MIDDLE CLASS EMERGES
Industrialization hurt some working Americans
but helped others and created a middle class of
Americans.
 Higher than the laborers but lower than the
wealthy business owners.
 These were typically bankers, accountants,
clerks, auctioneers, brokers and retailers.
 They typically moved out of the cities into
suburban areas.

EMIGRATION FROM IRELAND AND
GERMANY
There was a surge of immigrants in the 1830s
and 1840s.
 Roughly 4.9 million immigrants by 1850 came to
America from Ireland and Germany.
 The big push was due to political upheaval in
Germany and a huge famine in Ireland.
 Most were Catholic and worked on the docks and
ports in the North.

CONT.
By 1860 immigrants comprised more than 40
percent of the population in New York City.
 The immigrants caused issues in America
because of their faith, hostility towards African
Americans, and competed for jobs.
 Most of the immigrants lived in slums in the
cities.

SOUTHERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY AND
SOCIETY
Cotton became the South’s leading crop.
 From 5 million lbs in 1793 to 170 million lbs in
1820.
 This surge of cotton growth increased the
importance and need of slavery in the South.
 By 1840 the South produced 60 percent of the
cotton used by the United States and Great
Britain.
 Number of slaves went up to 4 million in 1860
from only 1.5 million in 1820.

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
The South became too dependent on cotton to
make profit. Most years it paid off but some years
cotton prices dropped and caused several
plantations to go under.
 Also their spread out population hurt their urban
growth along with the general lack of education
in the South.
 Only one fourth of the white men in the South
owned slaves and the ones who did had fewer
than ten slaves.
 There were only about 3,000 men that had 100 or
more slaves.
