SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES
7.2
OBJECTIVES
Analyze why industrialization took root in the
northern part of the United States.
Describe the impact of industrialization on the
northern life.
Analyze the reason that agriculture and slavery
became entrenched in the South.
KEY PARTS
The North Embraces Industry
Social Change In the North
Southern Agricultural Economy and Society
INTRODUCTION
Read Section 7.2
Create a Venn diagram as shown on pg. 233 and
compare and contrast the North and the South.
THE NORTH EMBRACES VICTORY
The embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812 cut off
access to the British manufactured goods; thus
the Americans began building their own factories
to meet the needs of the citizens.
Congress imposed the Tariff of 1816 on imported
goods, this would stimulate growth of American
Industry.
The tariff increased the price of imported goods
by an average of 20 to 25 percent.
SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE NORTH
Factories hurt highly skilled artisans such as
blacksmiths, shoemakers, and tailors because of
the low cost laborers.
The artisans worked to organize labor unionsgroups of workers who unite to seek better pay
and conditions.
Labor unions were ineffective during the early
1800s.
MIDDLE CLASS EMERGES
Industrialization hurt some working Americans
but helped others and created a middle class of
Americans.
Higher than the laborers but lower than the
wealthy business owners.
These were typically bankers, accountants,
clerks, auctioneers, brokers and retailers.
They typically moved out of the cities into
suburban areas.
EMIGRATION FROM IRELAND AND
GERMANY
There was a surge of immigrants in the 1830s
and 1840s.
Roughly 4.9 million immigrants by 1850 came to
America from Ireland and Germany.
The big push was due to political upheaval in
Germany and a huge famine in Ireland.
Most were Catholic and worked on the docks and
ports in the North.
CONT.
By 1860 immigrants comprised more than 40
percent of the population in New York City.
The immigrants caused issues in America
because of their faith, hostility towards African
Americans, and competed for jobs.
Most of the immigrants lived in slums in the
cities.
SOUTHERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY AND
SOCIETY
Cotton became the South’s leading crop.
From 5 million lbs in 1793 to 170 million lbs in
1820.
This surge of cotton growth increased the
importance and need of slavery in the South.
By 1840 the South produced 60 percent of the
cotton used by the United States and Great
Britain.
Number of slaves went up to 4 million in 1860
from only 1.5 million in 1820.
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
The South became too dependent on cotton to
make profit. Most years it paid off but some years
cotton prices dropped and caused several
plantations to go under.
Also their spread out population hurt their urban
growth along with the general lack of education
in the South.
Only one fourth of the white men in the South
owned slaves and the ones who did had fewer
than ten slaves.
There were only about 3,000 men that had 100 or
more slaves.
0
