• Describe important Greek developments in the arts.
• Discuss Greek achievements in history, politics, biology,
and logic.
• Summarize how Alexander the Great created an empire.
• Describe how Hellenistic kingdoms became centers of
learning and culture.
• Greece is a peninsula, which means that it is surrounded
on three sides by water.
• Greece is one big peninsula made up of a series of smaller
peninsulas, in addition to many small islands, which
means Greece enjoys many natural harbors.
• Because mountains cover much of Greece, there are few
flat areas for farmland.
• People settled in those flat areas along the coast and in
river valleys.
• They lived in villages and towns separated by mountains
and seas.
• Greece is covered with mountains. They are not huge
mountains but if you are trying to go from place to place
in Greece, you'll find the mountains a bit of a hindrance.
• The highest mountain in Greece is Mount Olympus.
• Traveling across the mountains and seas was difficult, so
communities were isolated from one another. As a result,
the people created their own government and ways of life.
• Even though they spoke the same language, Greek
communities saw themselves as separate villages.
• Since travel across the rugged mountains was so difficult,
the early Greeks turned to the sea.
• On the South was the huge Mediterranean Sea, to the
west the Ionian Sea, and to the east was the Aegean Sea.
• The Early Greeks used the sea as a source for food and as
a way of trading with other communities.
• The Greeks became skilled shipbuilders and sailors.
The Mediterranean Sea
moderates Greece's
climate, cooling the air in
summer and providing
warmth in the winter
months. Summers are
generally hot and dry.
Winters are moderate and
rainy in coastal regions and
cold and snowy in
mountainous areas.
• Another important aspect of
the Greek environment is
that it is very unstable.
• Greece is in the middle of a
very volcanic zone, between
the European and African
tectonic plates.
• There are several active
volcanoes and earthquakes
are common.
• The climate is
Mediterranean.
• The Mediterranean Sea
affects the Greek
climate, cooling the air
in summer and
providing warmth in
winter.
• The warm summers
are cooled by a
seasonal breezes from
the Mediterranean.
• Vegetation is dependent
on geographical regions.
• Due to the variety of
land, there a some
6,000 indigenous
species in Greece.
• In Ancient Greece,
farmers grew olives,
figs, grain, fruit and
grapes in the fertile
valleys.
Olive grove in rocky Greek soil
• However, other parts of
Ancient Greece had drier soil
and less vegetation,
particularly around the cities.
• Although surrounded by sea
water, they found it difficult to
find fresh water away from the
valleys.
• The high mountains also
prevented large-scale farming,
so the Greeks were forced to
look beyond their own country
for fertile land.
• The capital city is
Athens. It is famous
for beautiful beaches
and the sea.
• The Land
• Mountains dominate land; cross land travel
difficult
• Fertile river valleys were center of settlement
• River valleys formed basis of polis
• No place more than a few miles from sea
• Outdoor life common due to temperate climate
• The Sea
• Greece is a series of peninsulas, islands
• Sea travel easier than land communication
• Most Greeks took to the sea
• Economy
• Agriculture: Grains, honey, olives, grapes
• Herding: Goats, sheep, cattle
• Trade: Necessary to make up for lack of
resources
• Many cultures settled and developed in Greece.
• Two of the earliest were the Minoans and the Mycenaens.
• By 2000 BC the Minoans had build an advanced society
on the island of Crete.
• These two civilizations influenced the entire Aegean
region and helped shape later cultures in Greece.
• Minoans had build an advanced society on the island of
Crete, in the eastern Mediterranean.
• Because they lived on an island, the Minoans spent much
of their time at sea.
• They were among the best shipbuilders of their time.
• Although Crete’s location was excellent for Minoan
traders, sometime in the 1600s BC a huge volcano
erupted just north of Crete. This eruption created a giant
wave that flooded much of Crete.
• The eruption threw up huge clouds of ash, ruining crops
and burying cities. This eruption led to the end of Minoan
civilization.
• Although they lived in what is now Greece and influenced
Greek society, historians don’t consider the Minoans to
be Greek.
• This is because the Minoans didn’t speak the Greek
language.
• The first people to speak Greek, and therefore the first to be
considered Greek were the Mycenaeans.
• By the mid-1400s B.C., the Myceneans took over Crete and become
the major traders in the eastern Mediterranean.
• They set up colonies in northern Greece and Italy from which they
shipped goods to markets around the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
• The Mycenaeans didn’t think trade had to be conducted
peacefully. They often attacked other kingdoms.
• Some historians think the Mycenaeans attacked the city
of Troy, possibly starting the legendary Trojan War.
•
•
•
•
Minoans
They spent much of their time at
sea, trading in the
Mediterranean.
Ships carried goods such as
wood, olive oil, and pottery all
around the eastern
Mediterranean.
They became the victims of a
huge volcano that erupted north
of Crete.
They were not considered to be
Greek, since they didn’t speak
Greek.
•
•
•
•
•
Mycenaeans
They were the first people to be
considered Greek.
They lived inland and built
fortresses.
They were more violent in their
trade.
They took over Crete and became
the major traders in the eastern
Mediterranean.
They developed colonies in
northern Greece and Italy, from
which they shipped goods around
the Mediterranean and the Black
Sea.
• About 300 years after the Mycenaean civilization
crumbled, the Greeks started to join together in small
groups for protection and stability.
• Overtime these groups set up independent city-states.
• The creation of city-states marked the beginning of what
is known as Greece’s classical age.
• Not everyone who lived in the city-state lived inside the
city walls.
• Farmers, for example, lived near their fields outside the wall.
• Life in the city focused on the marketplace
• Because it was a large open space, the market also served as both
political and religious meeting place.
• The city-state became the foundation of Greek
civilization.
• Beside providing security for its people, the city gave them an
identity.
• People thought of themselves as residents of a city, not as Greeks.
• Groups from city-states around Greece began to set up
colonies in distant land in search of trade or to deal with
over population.
• Once they are established, these colonies become independent
City-State.
• Although the colonies were independent, they often
traded with city-states on the mainland.
Ancestry
Language
Religion
Literature
Olympic
Games
• Greece is the Birthplace of democracy, a type of
government which people rule themselves.
• Before democracy in Athens, kings rules the city-state.
• Later, a group of rich landowners, or aristocrats took
power.
• The aristocrats dominated
Athenian society.
• As the richest men in town,
they ran the city’s economy.
• They also served as generals
and judges.
• Common people had little
say in the government.
• In the 600s BC, a group of
rebels tried to overthrow
the aristocrats.
• They failed
• Their failure resulted in
harsher laws.
• Around 500 BC Cleisthenes
overthrow the aristocrats
and created a new form of
government – Democracy.
• All citizens (men) had the
right to participate in the
assembly.
• As time passed, citizens
gained more power.
• They served on juries to decide
court cases.
• Athens remained a
democracy for about 170
years.
• It reached its height under
Pericles.
• Pericles encouraged the Athenians
to take pride in their city.
• He believed that participation in
government was as important as
defending Athens in war.
• In 330s BC Athens was conquered by the Macedonians
from north of Greece.
• The king ruled like a dictator. No one could make
decisions without his approval.
• The assembly still met to make laws, but it had to be
careful not to upset the king.
• Eventually, a new king took
over and ended Athenian
democracy altogether.
• The Spartans were
Dorians who conquered
Laconia.
• The region lies in
Peloponnesus, the
Southern part of Greece.
• The invaders turned the
conquered people into
state-owned slaves, called
helots, and made them
work the land.
• Because the helot greatly
outnumbered their rulers,
the Spartans set up brutal
system of strict control.
• The Spartan government included two kings and a
council of elders who advised the monarchs.
• As assembly made up of all citizens approved major
decisions.
• Citizens were male, native-born Spartans over the age of
30.
• The assembly also elected five ephores,
officials who help the real power and
ran day-to-day affairs
• From childhood, a Spartan prepared to be part of the
military state.
• Every new born was examined and the sickly children were
abandoned to die.
• At the age of seven, boys began training for a lifetime in the
military.
• Toughened by a coarse died,
hard exercise, and rigid
discipline, Spartan youth
became excellent soldiers.
Birth
• Newborns brought to ephors (leaders) for examination
• Sickly babies left to die of exposure
• Healthy babies
• Boys lived with their parents until age seven
• Girls stayed with their parents until marriage, and learning weaving, cooking, cleaning
Age 6
•
•
•
•
Age 20
Age 30
Boys sent to military school for strict physical training
Weapons and endurance training
Frequent beatings
Taught basic reading and to be laconic (use brief speech)
• Young men became soldiers
• Allowed to get married
• But lived in the barracks until age 30
• These soldiers became citizens
• Could vote and could live in their own homes
• Remained in the military until age 60
• Girls had a rigorous upbringing.
• They were expected to produce healthy sons for the army.
• They therefore were told to exercise and strengthen their
bodies.
• Spartan women had to obey their fathers or husbands.
But they had the right to inherit property.
• Because men were occupied with war, some women took
on responsibilities such as running the family’s estate.
• The Spartans isolated themselves from other Greeks.
• They looked down on trade and wealth, forbade, their
own citizens to travel, and had little use for new ideas or
the arts.
Athens
Sparta
Government
First to rule as a democracy.
Ruled as an oligarchy by 2 kings.
Location
Built below the acropolis
which stands on a hill above
all of Athens
Surrounded by mountains, which
makes it difficult for it to be
invaded.
Men and
Education
Creative city state. Believed
in good education for boys.
Joining the army was
optional
Very focused on obedience and
war. People did not have any
luxuries.
Women in
society
Girls were not regarded as
important. Could be taught at
home. Were not allowed to
take part in war business or
education
Girls were to grow up to be the
mothers of warriors. Although
they were not allowed to fight,
girls took path in all the training
because fit ladies produced fit
babies.
War
Athens wanted to control as
much land as possible.
Although more powerful kept for
themselves unless their army was
needed.
• Strong local ties, an independent spirit, and economic
rivalry led to fighting among the Greeks city-states.
• Despite these divisions, Greeks shared a common culture.
•
•
•
•
They spoke the same language.
Honored the same ancient heroes.
Worshiped the same gods.
Participated in common festivals.
• In 492 B.C. King Darius I of Persia cast an eye across the
proud Greek city-states.
• Seeking revenge for a Greek insult, he sent messengers
throughout Greece demanding gifts of “earth and water.”
– Symbols of submission to Darius.
• Many of the city-states
obeyed Darius’ demands
since the Persian empire
was the most powerful in
the Mediterranean world.
• But Athens and Sparta
were not so quick to
submit.
• Instead, the Athenians
threw Darius’ messengers
into a well, while the
Spartans tossed them into
a pit. The Persians, they
said could collect their
own earth and water.
• The Greek historian Herodotus told this story of Greek
defiance and pride. Despite their cultural ties, the Greek
city-states were bitterly divided. Yet, when the Persians
threatened, the Greeks briefly put aside their differences
to defend their freedom.
• By 500 B.C., Athens had emerged as the wealthiest Greek
city-state.
• The Persians conquered a huge empire stretching from
Asia Minor to the border of India.
• Through under Persian rule, these Ionian city-state were
largely self government, still, they resented their
situation.
• In 499 B.C., Ionian Greeks rebelled against Persian rule.
Athens sent ships to help them.
• The Athenians defeated the Persians at Marathon in 490.
• Darius died before he could mass his troops for another
attack.
• In 480 B.C. his son Xerxes (Zerkseez) sent a much larger
force to conquer Greece.
• By this time, Athens had persuaded Sparta and other citystates to join in the fight against Persia.
• A small Spartan force guarded the narrow mountain pass
at Thermopylae. Led by the great warrior king Leonidas.
• After defeating the Spartans, the Persians marched south
and burned Athens.
• The city was empty. The Athenians had withdrawn to safety.
• The Greeks now put their faith in the fleet of ships that
Themistocles had urged them to build.
• The Athenians lured the Persian navy into the narrow
strait of Salamis.
• Athenian warships, powered by rowers, drove into the
Persian boats with underwater battering rams.
• On the shore, Xerxes watched helplessly as his might fleet
sank.
• The following year, the Greeks defeated the Persians on
land on Asia Minor.
• The victory marked an end of the Persian invasions.
• The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World
History #5
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmkVSasZIM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=5
• Was the Trojan War a real historical event or merely a
legend in Mycenaean history?
• About 1200 B.C., the
Mycenaeans fought the
Trojan War with the city of
Troy in Anatolia.
• At the same time, foreigners
invaded the Mycenaean
homeland
• From 1100 to 800 B.C.,
chaos reigned throughout
the eastern Mediterranean
• In the absence of a
centralized state or empire,
local institutions took the
lead in restoring political
order to Greece
• The Trojans were people from ancient Troy (Turkey).
• The Trojan War was fought between the Trojans and the
Greeks over the beautiful maiden Helen…
• The Greeks wanted to sneak into the gates of Ancient
Troy, so they built a giant wooden horse and told the
Trojans it was a gift from the Aechaens (Greeks).
• Two epic poems by Homer
“Iliad” and “Odyssey” describe
the Trojan War
• Approximately 1194-1184 BCE
• Greeks vs Troy
• Helen of Sparta + Paris of
Troy “the face that launched a
thousand ships”
• Achilles, Odysseus, Hector,
Agamemnon and the Trojan
Horse
•Archaeologist- Heinrich
Schliemann (claims that he
found Troy and the early Greek
civilization of Myceaneans)
• Epic: a long poem which tells a story involving gods,
heroes, and heroic exploits:
• Iliad: Greek perspective on the war against Troy in the 12th
century B.C.
• Odyssey: Experiences of the Greek hero Odysseus as he sailed
home after the Trojan.
• Greek thinkers challenged
the belief that events were
caused by the whims of
gods.
• Instead, they used
observation and reason to
find causes for events.
• The Greeks called these
thinkers philosophers,
meaning “lovers of wisdom.”
68
• Greek philosophers
explored many subjects,
from mathematics and
music to logic, or
rational thinking.
• Through reason and
observation, they
believed, they could
discover laws that
governed the universe.
• Much modern science
traces its roots to the
Greek search for such
principles
• Other Greek Philosophers were more interested in ethics
and morality.
• They debated such questions as what was the best kind of
government and what standards should rule human
behavior.
• One outspoken critic of the
Sophists was Socrates, an
Athenian stonemason and
philosopher.
• Most of what we know about
Socrates comes from his student
Plato.
• Socrates himself wrote no books.
Instead, he passed his days in the
marketplace asking people about
their beliefs.
• Using a process we now call the
Socratic method, he would pose a
series of questions to a student or
passing citizen, and challenge
them to examine the implications
of their answers
71
• When he was about 70 years old, Socrates was put on trial. His
enemies accused him of corrupting the city’s youth and failing to
respect the gods.
• Standing before a jury of 501 citizens, Socrates offered a calm and
reasoned defense. But the jurors condemned him to death. Loyal to
the laws of Athens, Socrates accepted the death penalty. He drank a
cup of hemlock, a deadly poison.
• The execution of
Socrates left Plato
with a lifelong distrust
of democracy.
• He fled Athens for 10
years. When he
returned, he set up a
school called the
Academy. There, he
taught and wrote
about his own ideas
73
• In his book The Republic,
Plato described his vision
of an ideal state.
• He rejected Athenian
democracy because it had
condemned Socrates just as
it tended to other excesses.
• Instead, Plato argued that
the state should regulate
every aspect of its citizens’
lives in order to provide for
their best interests
74
• He divided his ideal society
into three classes:
• workers to produce the
necessities of life,
• soldiers to defend the state,
• and philosophers to rule. This
elite class of leaders would be
specially trained to ensure order
and justice. The wisest of them,
a philosopher-king, would have
the ultimate authority.
75
• Plato’s most famous student,
Aristotle, developed his own
ideas about government.
• He analyzed all forms of
government, from monarchy
to democracy, and found good
and bad examples of each.
• Like Plato, he was suspicious
of democracy, which he
thought could lead to mob
rule.
• In the end, he favored rule by
a single strong and virtuous
leader
76
• He left writings on politics, ethics, logic, biology,
literature, and many other subjects.
• When the first European universities evolved some 1,500
years later, their courses were based largely on the works
and ideas of Aristotle.
• Greek architects sought to convey a sense of perfect
balance to reflect the harmony and order of the universe.
• The most famous example of Greek architecture is the
Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena.
• Greek architecture has been widely admired for centuries.
Today, many public buildings throughout the world have
incorporated Greek architectural elements, such as
columns, in their designs.
• Early Greek sculptors carved
figures in rigid poses, perhaps
imitating Egyptian styles.
• By 450 B.C., Greek sculptors had
developed a new style that
emphasized more natural forms.
• While their work was lifelike, it
was also idealistic. That is,
sculptors carved gods,
goddesses, athletes, and famous
men in a way that showed
human beings in their most
perfect, graceful form.
• Ideals of classical art—
Order, Balance and
Proportion
• Sculptures show
grace, serenity,
strength and
perfection
• Most Greek Sculptures
exist today because
the Romans copied
them
• The only Greek paintings to
survive are on pottery.
• They offer intriguing views
of every day Greek life.
• Women carry water from
wells.
• warriors race into battle, and
athletes compete in javelin
contests.
• Each scene is designed to fit
the shape of the pottery.
• Greek poems and stories are the oldest in the Western world and
serve as models for European and American poems and stories.
• An epic is a long poem about heroic deeds.
• The first great epics were the Iliad and the Odyssey, written by
Homer.
• The Greeks believed these two epics were real history.
• A slave named Aesop wrote many fable.
• A fable is a short tale that teaches a lesson.
• Fables were passed from one person to another through oral traditions.
Comedies
• Aristophanes
• Plays satirized politics and
politicians, poking fun at
society and ridiculing the
rich
Tragedies
• Created to honor the God of
Wine and fertility– Dionysus
• Performed in Amphitheatres
• Aeschylus, Sophocles, and
Euripides
• Sophocles focuses on the
individual
• Oedipus Rex despite doing
everything to change his fate
still ends up killing his father
and marrying his mother for
which he punishes himself by
stabbing himself in the eye
• Began in 776 BC in the city-state of Olympia
• Held to honor Zeus
• Competitions first included footraces then wrestling,
boxing, javelin, discus throwing were added
• The pankration event combined wrestling and boxing and
had no rules except scratching the facial area
• Winner would receive a wreath
of Olive leaves
• The ancient Greeks
created great myths and
works of literature that
influence the way we
speak and wrote today.
• The Greeks created
myths to explain the
world.
• The ancient Greeks
believed in many gods.
These gods were at the
center of Greek
mythology.
Temple of Apollo
Oracle at Delphi
• Each city in Greece had
a god or goddess that
the citizens
worshipped. They built
temples, statues, and
had celebrations to
honor that deity. They
also made offerings to
the gods.
• Herodotus—History of the
Persian wars—often called
The father of history
• Thucydides—History of the
Peloponnesian Wars
• Began the scientific analysis of
events based on actual
eyewitness accounts and factual
evidence and then added their
own poetic interpretations
• Eratosthenes—Correctly measures the earth’s
circumference.
• Ptolemy—Geocentric theory—cartography, creation of
latitude/longitude
• Archimedes—Develops a system of levers and pulleys
• Hippocrates —Medicine
• Astronomy—Aristarchus—proposed
• Heliocentric theory
• Anaxagoras—eclipses
• Research how did Greece influence our society today?
• Which of the following best summarizes the geography of
Greece?
a)
b)
c)
d)
a rocky, mountainous land
a land of flat, fertile plains
a cold, barren land
a land of small hills and dense forests
• Which of the following best summarizes the geography of
Greece?
a)
b)
c)
d)
a rocky, mountainous land
a land of flat, fertile plains
a cold, barren land
a land of small hills and dense forests
• In geographical terms, the land of Greece is a large
a)
b)
c)
d)
isthmus
island.
Continent
peninsula.
• In geographical terms, the land of Greece is a large
a)
b)
c)
d)
isthmus
island.
Continent
peninsula.
• Because traveling by land in Greece was difficult, the
Greeks
a)
b)
c)
d)
became expert shipbuilders.
gave up trying to travel.
learned how to climb mountains.
took up farming.
• Because traveling by land in Greece was difficult, the
Greeks
a)
b)
c)
d)
became expert shipbuilders.
gave up trying to travel.
learned how to climb mountains.
took up farming.
• Which of the following groups built an advanced society
on the island of Crete?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the Minoans
the Mycenaeans
the Aegeans
the Mediterraneans
• Which of the following groups built an advanced society
on the island of Crete?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the Minoans
the Mycenaeans
the Aegeans
the Mediterraneans
• Which is true about the Mycenaeans?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Mycenaeans lived on Greek islands.
The Mycenaeans did not speak Greek.
The Mycenaeans lived on the Greek mainland
The Mycenaeans were not traders.
• Which is true about the Mycenaeans?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Mycenaeans lived on Greek islands.
The Mycenaeans did not speak Greek.
The Mycenaeans lived on the Greek mainland.
The Mycenaeans were not traders.
• Which of the following led to the end of the Minoan
civilization?
a)
b)
c)
d)
They were attacked by Europeans.
Earthquakes destroyed many of their cities.
A volcanic eruption ruined their cities.
Other cultures refused to trade with them.
• Which of the following led to the end of the Minoan
civilization?
a)
b)
c)
d)
They were attacked by Europeans.
Earthquakes destroyed many of their cities.
A volcanic eruption ruined their cities.
Other cultures refused to trade with them.
• Over time, the Greek people living in city-states
a) became bored and developed the desire to travel.
b) disliked their city-states and began to rebel against them.
c) thought of themselves as residents of the city-state, not as
Greeks.
d) fled their city-states in fear and set up their own colonies.
• Over time, the Greek people living in city-states
a) became bored and developed the desire to travel.
b) disliked their city-states and began to rebel against them.
c) thought of themselves as residents of the city-state, not as
Greeks.
d) fled their city-states in fear and set up their own colonies.
• Why were juries in Athens designed to have an odd
number of members?
a)
b)
c)
d)
to ensure that each citizen had a vote
To prevent ties
to prevent aristocrats from being unfair
so there would always be discussion
• ____ 8. Why were juries in Athens designed to have an
odd number of members?
a)
b)
c)
d)
to ensure that each citizen had a vote
To prevent ties
to prevent aristocrats from being unfair
so there would always be discussion
• After Greek city-states were ruled by kings, they were
ruled by
a)
b)
c)
d)
aristocrats
citizens
dictators.
armies.
• After Greek city-states were ruled by kings, they were
ruled by
a)
b)
c)
d)
aristocrats
citizens
dictators.
armies.
• During the early democracy in Greece, why did people
have meetings outdoors?
a)
b)
c)
d)
To make it easier to hear speakers
to allow visitors to watch the meetings
To make sure everyone could attend
to make it easier to vote
• During the early democracy in Greece, why did people
have meetings outdoors?
a)
b)
c)
d)
To make it easier to hear speakers
to allow visitors to watch the meetings
To make sure everyone could attend
to make it easier to vote
• Greek myths were stories that explained
a)
b)
c)
d)
what things the Greek people most valued.
why natural or historical events happened.
why humans should worship the gods.
why humans or animals behaved like they did.
• Greek myths were stories that explained
a)
b)
c)
d)
what things the Greek people most valued.
why natural or historical events happened.
why humans should worship the gods.
why humans or animals behaved like they did.
• According to Greek mythology, why are there different
seasons?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hera is punishing humans for not worshipping the gods.
Demeter is separated from her daughter during the winter.
Hephaestus is making weapons for the gods in his forge.
Apollo goes away for part of each year to rest.
• According to Greek mythology, why are there different
seasons?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hera is punishing humans for not worshipping the gods.
Demeter is separated from her daughter during the winter.
Hephaestus is making weapons for the gods in his forge.
Apollo goes away for part of each year to rest.
• What was the most important aspect of life in Sparta?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Playing music
learning about philosophy
preparing for battles
learning to lead people.
• What was the most important aspect of life in Sparta?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Playing music
learning about philosophy
preparing for battles
learning to lead people.
• What caused Darius to first become angry with the
Greeks?
a) Greek city-states would not allow people to practice
Zoroastrianism.
b) Many Greeks stated that Greece was more advanced than
Persia.
c) Greek city-states refused to help Persia in its war with Turkey.
d) The Athenians gave aid to the Ionian Greeks during their
rebellion against Persia.
• What caused Darius to first become angry with the
Greeks?
a) Greek city-states would not allow people to practice
Zoroastrianism.
b) Many Greeks stated that Greece was more advanced than
Persia.
c) Greek city-states refused to help Persia in its war with Turkey.
d) The Athenians gave aid to the Ionian Greeks during their
rebellion against Persia.
• From an early age, Spartan boys were trained to be
a)
b)
c)
d)
Teachers
Soldiers
Writers
leaders
• From an early age, Spartan boys were trained to be
a)
b)
c)
d)
Teachers
Soldiers
Writers
leaders
• ____ 16. At what age were Spartan men done serving in
the army?
a)
b)
c)
d)
40
50
60
70
• ____ 16. At what age were Spartan men done serving in
the army?
a)
b)
c)
d)
40
50
60
70
• What can you infer about the ancient Greeks based upon
their achievements?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The ancient Greeks most valued warfare and battle.
The ancient Greeks valued philosophy and art.
The ancient Greeks were most interested in farming
The ancient Greeks felt that literature was pointless.
• What can you infer about the ancient Greeks based upon
their achievements?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The ancient Greeks most valued warfare and battle.
The ancient Greeks valued philosophy and art.
The ancient Greeks were most interested in farming
The ancient Greeks felt that literature was pointless.
• The Parthenon is a famous Greek
a)
b)
c)
d)
Poem
Vase
Building
art
• The Parthenon is a famous Greek
a)
b)
c)
d)
Poem
Vase
Building
art
• Early Greek philosophers were important because they
were the first people to
a) think about the mysteries and problems of life in Greece.
b) consider explanations for events other than that they were the
work of the gods.
c) describe why the Greek gods and goddesses were to be
worshipped.
d) help the rest of the Greek people make good decisions in daily
life.
• Early Greek philosophers were important because they
were the first people to
a) think about the mysteries and problems of life in Greece.
b) consider explanations for events other than that they were the
work of the gods.
c) describe why the Greek gods and goddesses were to be
worshipped.
d) help the rest of the Greek people make good decisions in daily
life.
• Democracy in Greece started in the city of
a)
b)
c)
d)
Creteans
Minoans
Athens
Myceneans
• Democracy in Greece started in the city of
a)
b)
c)
d)
Creteans
Minoans
Athens
Myceneans
• Because people were upset by his ideas, _________was
arrested and sentenced to death
a)
b)
c)
d)
Plato
Socrates
Aristotle
Darius
• Because people were upset by his ideas, _________was
arrested and sentenced to death
a)
b)
c)
d)
Plato
Socrates
Aristotle
Darius