WHAT IS A LINGUA
FRANCA?
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A lingua franca is a
language spoken in
countries other than the
country of origin. This
is usually achieved
through conquest,
commerce and
conversion
WHAT IS AN EXTINCT
LANGUAGE?

Extinct language simply
means that a language
is no longer natively
spoken, not whether it
can be understood by
speakers of a related
language or a daughter
language.
The term Ancient, or Archaic, Greece refers to the time
three centuries before the classical age, between 800
B.C. and 500 B.C.—a relatively sophisticated period in
world history. Archaic Greece saw advances in art,
poetry and technology, but most of all it was the age in
which the polis, or city-state, was invented. The polis
became the defining feature of Greek political life for
hundreds of years.
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Places : Athens , Sparta , Korinthos , Thebes
and the islands of Aegean.
People who wanted to trade with the Greeks
had to learn alternate methods of
communication .
At its peak : under the command of Alexander
the Great the whole world spoke Ancient
Greek .
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Through the conquests of the great Alexander:
Alexander’s father, Philip II, wanted to fight the
Persians and eliminate them so that they wouldn’t have
any more wars with them like they did in the past. After
his death, Alexander was the heir to the kingdom so he
took over this conquest as well. But Alexander
surpassed his father’s vision, he wanted to unite Greece
with Asia due to his belief that everyone should be
equal to each other. Some years after the conquest,
Alexander wished to fully unite all the peoples that he
had taken over but he couldn’t do it unless they all
spoke the same language. This process by which the
Koine became the high language of the conquered
kingdoms became known as HELLENIZATION.
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Although there is no actual
evidence that any of the
Asian Languages were
thoroughly alleviated, they
language and the culture
of the conquered land
were highly influenced.
They could now
comprehend philosophy
and mathematics and they
even modelled their Bhuda
statues after the Greek
Kouroi.
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The influence that this conquest had is mainly positive because
Great Alexander managed to unite the most part of the then known
world without a high death toll and they found a common language
which led to the evolution of literature, trade and sciences.
Arts like poetry historiography and astronomy flowed during these
ages due to the fact that people didn’t feel conquered but they had
the notion that they were equals which gave them the
freedom to develop in other fields.
Worth noting is the fact that Alexander gave the people the
freedom to believe in whichever god they wanted and
generally believed that all people are free and most of all equals
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Of course, the rise of this language and, generally,
of the empire’ has affected the global community.
Discoveries from back then still exist until today
and they are considered to be the bases of many
fields today. In addition architecture knowledge like
the churches during the Byzantine Empire are still
used today in the building of churches and other
buildings. The bases of church music were created
during the Byzantine Empire and they are used
nowadays as well.
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In Ancient Greece education was a privilege for
a handful of people.
Therefore when the Romans conquered Greece
this language was lost
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Many people feared that Greece’s tradition and culture
would be lost because the language ceased to be spoken.
However , this notion turned out to be wrong because the
Greek culture was carried on by the civilization of
Byzantium. For example, Democracy, as we know it today,
was developed in Greece. In the year 507 B.C., the Athenian
leader Cleisthenes introduced a system of political reforms
that he called demokratia(democracy) , or “rule by the
people.” This system was comprised of three separate
institutions:
the ekklesia, a sovereign governing body that wrote laws
and dictated foreign policy;
the boule, a council of representatives from the ten
Athenian tribes; and
the dikasteria(courts) , the popular courts in which citizens
argued cases before a group of lottery-selected jurors.
-Greek literature extends from the Homer ages and ends with the
fall of ancient Greek.
is the known composer of
Iliad and Odysseus. The importance of these compositions is
recognized up until today
-There were 3 great philosophers during those ages,
Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Plato was a
student of Socrates and Aristotle was a student of Plato.
Socrates inspired Plato to write his work with the title
philosophic dialogues which is know until today. Finally
Aristotle was the last great philosopher of those ages whose
thought is know to be greater than those from the western
peoples and also greater than the people of the 17 century
Homer
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- The known writers of this age were the historians
Xenophon and Thucydides who recorded the whole
Peloponnesian war. Xenophon took control of the
composing after Thucydides death which prevented
him to finish his work himself. They were and they
are until today known for their objectivity and their
descriptiveness . Their works were so great that
many people consider them two of the greatest
historians in history.
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Nowadays , very few texts have been rescued
that were written in ancient
Greek(approximately 15%) . These texts are
being used as an educational method in order
to teach youngsters ancient Greek. However ,
its spoken form has been a bone of contention
for many generations because no one will ever
know the exact pronunciation. Thus , Greeks
read it in their own way as if they were
speaking modern Greek and other people read
it using the method of a well known linguist.
He is known by the name Erasmus.
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Although Ancient Greek has been extinct for
many years its influence is massive in the fields
of medicine, politics , science and economics .
Diseases’ names that stem from Ancient Greek :
syphilis , malaria , leprosy , diabetes etc.
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To illustrate this point , we would like to refer
to Professor Xenofon Zolotas. In 1957 and 1959,
the Greek economist Professor Xenofon
Zolotas, Governor of the bank of Greece and
Governor of the Funds for Greece, delivered
two speeches in English using Greek words
only.
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Kyrie,
I eulogize the archons of the Panethnic Numismatic Thesaurus and the Ecumenical
Trapeza for the orthodoxy of their axioms, methods and policies, although there is an
episode of cacophony of the Trapeza with Hellas.
With enthusiasm we dialogue and synagonize at the synods of our didymous
Organizations in which polymorphous economic ideas and dogmas are analyzed and
synthesized.
Our critical problems such as the numismatic plethora generate some agony and
melancholy. This phenomenon is characteristic of our epoch. But, to my thesis, we have
the dynamism to program therapeutic practices as a prophylaxis from chaos and
catastrophe.
In parallel, a panethnic unhypocritical economic synergy and harmonization in a
democratic climate is basic.
I apologize for my eccentric monologue. I emphasize my eucharistia to you Kyrie, to the
eugenic and generous American Ethnos and to the organizers and protagonists of this
Amphictyony and the gastronomic symposia.''
Prof. Xenofon Zolotas
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www.history.com
History books of 8th grade and discussions with
my history teachers.
Wikipedia.com ( information about Erasmus)