SPONGE: MONDAY, FEBRUARY 13
Write the question and correct answer (not just the
letter):
1. The Articles of Confederation represented
Americans’ distrust of
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
Authority
The British
States’ rights
A powerful national government
Demands for the calling of a Constitutional
Convention in 1787 reflected the growing belief that
the
a.
b.
c.
d.
Small and large states should be political equals
Rights of businesses were not being protected
National government needed to be strengthened
State governments had too little power
SPONGE: TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 14

What is your
definition of manifest
destiny and how did
yesterday’s topics
demonstrate the
concept?
MANIFEST DESTINY
SSUSH7 Students will explain the process
of economic growth, its regional and
national impact in the first half of the 19th
century, and the different responses to it.

b. Describe the westward growth of the
United States; include the emerging concept of
Manifest Destiny.

“The whole continent appears to
be destined...to be peopled by one
nation. The acquisition of a
definite line of boundary to the
[Pacific] forms a great epoch in
our history.”
John Quincy Adams, 6th
President (1825-1829), written
in 1811
“...It is confidently believed that our
system may be safely extended to
the utmost bounds of our territorial
limits, and that as it shall be
extended the bonds of our Union …
will become stronger...”
From the inaugural address of
James K. Polk, 11th President
(1845-49)
JOURNALIST JOHN L. O' SULLIVAN, NEW
YORK MORNING NEWS (1845)
“The American claim is by the right of our
manifest destiny to overspread and to
possess the whole of the continent which
Providence has given us for the development
of the great experiment of liberty and
federative self-government entrusted to us. It
is a right such as that of the tree to the space
of air and earth suitable for the full
expansion of its principle and destiny of
growth...It is in our future far more than in
the past history of Spanish exploration or
French colonial rights, that our True Title is
to be found.”
MANIFEST DESTINY
1.
2.
3.
4.
What do the terms “manifest” &
“destiny” mean?
What were the perceived benefits of
this westward expansion?
How did Americans justify their
westward expansion?
What impact do you think the idea
of Manifest Destiny had on
westward expansion?
SSUSH6: ANALYZE THE IMPACT
OF TERRITORIAL EXPANSION AND
POPULATION GROWTH AND THE
IMPACT OF THIS GROWTH IN THE
EARLY DECADES OF THE NEW
NATION
Element a: Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s
importance in the westward migration of
Americans, and on slavery, public education, and
the addition of new states.
TODAY’S ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: WHAT
WE SHOULD KNOW BY THE END OF CLASS
1.
2.
3.
How did the Northwest Ordinance
set the tone for the future
development of the United States?
How did the acquisition and
exploration of the Louisiana
Territory agree with Jefferson’s
political philosophy?
Why have Americans moved west?
WESTWARD EXPANSION IN THE NEW
NATION
Great Britain took possession of the Northwest
Territory after the French and Indian War
 The growth of the population in the Colonies and
states resulted in people moving west in search of
new lands and resources
 They met resistance from Native Americans
and French Settlers (remember the French
and Indian War?)

NORTHWEST ORDINANCE 1787
The
Northwest
Territory
was north
of the Ohio
River and
east of the
Mississippi
River
THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE - 1787

After the American Revolution, Congress (under
the Articles of Confederation) passed the
Northwest Ordinance in 1787 which did several
important things:
1. Divided the area into smaller territories
2. Provided guidelines under which new states
could be admitted to the union
3. Made slavery illegal in the new territory (but
slave-owners already there could keep their
slaves)
NORTHWEST TERRITORY GROWTH
NO SLAVERY . . . I’m on my way!!!!!
WRONG


Laws were passed that made it difficult
for blacks to move in; whites did not
want competition for land and jobs
African Americans forced to pay money,
if they did not own land
THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE - 1787

Eventually five states were created from this
area:
1. Ohio
2. Indiana
3. Illinois
4. Michigan
5. Wisconsin
DIVISION OF LAND UNDER THE
NORTHWEST ORDINANCE
THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE &
EDUCATION
The country used public education to maintain a
sense of unity and national values (i.e.,
individualism and patriotism) as the country
grew
 They also believed that education was necessary
to compete with other countries
 Some states guaranteed public education to their
citizens
Noah Webster compiled the first US dictionary;
this helped develop a national language and
unify educational standards

SSUSH6: ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF
TERRITORIAL EXPANSION AND
POPULATION GROWTH AND THE
IMPACT OF THIS GROWTH IN THE
EARLY DECADES OF THE NEW
NATION
Element b: Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in
obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from
France and the territory’s exploration by
Lewis and Clark
PRESIDENT THOMAS JEFFERSON - #3






Thomas Jefferson was 3rd
president; elected in 1800
by House of Reps after a tie
in the Electoral College
Republican (anti-Federalist)
from Virginia; served two
terms as pres
Main author of Declaration
of Independence
Minister to France 1785
Sec. of State under Pres.
Washington
VP under Adams even tho
they were from different
parties
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE OF 1803

As president, TJ wanted to expand U.S. trading
on the Mississippi River (M.R.)—he believed it
was important for citizens to have access to land
 Sent representatives to France to negotiate the
purchase of New Orleans because it was the
city at the mouth of the M.R. and a major port
 Because France was at war with Britain at the
time (shocker) and trying to put down a slave
revolt in Haiti (Saint Dominique), Napoleon
agreed to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to
the U.S. for $15 million
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE OF 1803
 Constitution
didn’t specifically give the
president power to purchase land, but TJ
made the purchase because it was in the
best interests of the country
Remember,
TJ was against a strong central
government and didn’t want to read powers
into the Constitution that weren’t there
This was an expansion of the powers of the
central government
Video on Louisiana Purchase
 Questions to answer during video:

1.
2.
3.
What did President Jefferson
authorize the U.S. ambassadors
to purchase from France?
What did they end up
purchasing?
Why was this purchase
controversial?
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE OF 1803
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LOUISIANA
PURCHASE OF 1803
 Largest
land
purchase in U.S.
history
 Doubled
the size
of the United
States
 Economic
turning point for
the country
HOW???
What did
we know
about the
continent
in the
early
1800s?
THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION

In February 1803, TJ won approval from Congress
for a visionary project to explore the western part
of the continent
PURPOSE of Lewis & Clark Expedition:
To explore the newly bought territory
 To find water route to Pacific Ocean

RESULTS of Lewis & Clark Expedition:

Oregon Trail – Contributed to the rapid migration
of the population to Pacific Northwest
Video about the Lewis and Clark Expedition
 Questions to answer during video:

1.
2.
3.
What did President Jefferson
want Lewis and Clark to find out
on their expedition?
What did the expedition discover?
How did Sacajawea assist the
explorers?
Outbound
route in
red;
return
route in
blue
THOMAS JEFFERSON & LOUISIANA
PURCHASE

Louisiana purchase
boosted TJ’s
popularity and he won
a second term in 1804
WORK PERIOD: MONDAY, FEBRUARY 13

In your group, create a poster or a brochure that
demonstrates the concept of Manifest Destiny.
Your product must use the language of the standards
and include persuasive images and language to
support the westward migration of American settlers
 Include at least three images
 Include at least four facts from what we have covered
thus far to support westward migration

You could do this as a travel brochure/poster, a
propaganda poster or
MANIFEST DESTINY
In
the 1840s, westward
expansion
led Americans
“Future” to
“Obvious”
acquire all lands from the
Atlantic to Pacific in a movement
called Manifest Destiny
 Americans
flooded into the West for
new economic opportunities
 The U.S. gained Texas, Oregon,
California, & other territories through
treaty or war
REASONS FOR MANIFEST DESTINY
 Changes
in the early 1800s (1800-1840),
encouraged westward expansion in the 1840s
Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of
the USA
 Lewis & Clark’s exploration confirmed the economic
potential of the western territory

What changed in the
1840s that encouraged
westward expansion?
When Americans were
colonists (1607-1783),
the western border was
the Appalachian
Mountains
After the
Revolutionary
War, the western
border of the U.S.
was the
Mississippi River
After Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase in
1803, the western border was the Rocky
Mountains
By 1850, the western
border was the Pacific
Ocean
from Oregon to California
TODAY’S ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: WHAT
WE SHOULD KNOW BY THE END OF CLASS
1.
How did the Northwest Ordinance
set the tone for the future
development of the United States?
2.
How did the acquisition and
exploration of the Louisiana
Territory agree with Jefferson’s
political philosophy?
SPONGE: WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 15
Everyone should have a blue book
 If you aren’t in a history ELT, see me for notes
we covered yesterday in afternoon ELT
1. What effect did the Erie Canal have?

a. It hurt New York because other cities could better
compete with it economically.
b. It discouraged western migration.
c. Steam-powered boats were no longer useful
because the canal encouraged land travel.
d. New York’s economy grew because the canal
allowed manufacturers to ship products more easily.
2. In what ways did the War of 1812 help to forge a
national identity?
SSUSH6: ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF
TERRITORIAL EXPANSION AND
POPULATION GROWTH AND THE
IMPACT OF THIS GROWTH IN THE
EARLY DECADES OF THE NEW
NATION
Element c: Explain the major reasons for the
War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the
development of a national identity
TODAY’S ESSENTIAL QUESTION: WHAT WE
SHOULD KNOW BY THE END OF CLASS
How was the identity of the United States
strengthened by the War of 1812 and
territorial expansion?
PRESIDENT JAMES MADISON - #4
James Madison elected
the 4th president in
1808; served two terms
from 1809-1817
 Republican
 Previously served in
Continental Congress
and at Constitutional
Convention
 Often called the “Father
of the Constitution” and
was one of the main
authors of the Bill of
Rights
 Served as TJ’s
Secretary of State

THE WAR OF 1812
President Madison asked Congress to declare war
on Great Britain
 Congress declared war on Great Britain on June
18, 1812

Why were we willing to go to war with Great
Britain less than 30 years after the
Revolutionary War ended???
THE WAR OF 1812-CAUSES
1. Great Britain was restricting trade between
neutral American merchants and France
(remember, France and Britain were at war at
this time)
2. Some Americans believed that the British were
encouraging Native American resistance
with military support in order to prevent
further settlement west of the Appalachians
3. Some Americans felt threatened by Britain’s
presence in Canada and wanted to kick the
British out of Canada so U.S. could take control
4. British navy continued to impress American
sailors (they captured over 10,000 U.S. sailors
at sea and forced them to work on British ships)
THE WAR OF 1812
British invaded and burned Washington, DC,
including the White House and Capitol, in
August, 1814; President Madison and his wife
were forced to flee
 U.S. won a big battle at Fort McHenry, which
inspired Francis Scott Key to write his first draft
of the Star Spangled Banner
 Andrew Jackson (future US president) won key
victories at the battles of Horseshoe Bend and
New Orleans
 U.S. has enough victories in battle that Great
Britain agrees to a peace treaty

LETTER BY FIRST LADY DOLLY MADISON
DURING THE BURNING OF WASHINGTON, D.C.
“Our kind friend, Mr. Carroll, has come to hasten my
departure . . . because I insist on waiting until the
large picture of General Washington is secured, and
it requires to be unscrewed from the wall. This
process was found too tedious for these perilous
moments; I have ordered the frame to be broken, and
the canvas taken out. It is done! and the precious
portrait placed in the hands of two gentlemen of New
York, for safe keeping.
And now, dear sister, I must leave this house, or the
retreating army will make me a prisoner in it by
filling up the road I am directed to take. When I shall
again write to you, or where I shall be tomorrow, I
cannot tell!"
THE WAR OF 1812-RESULTS
1.
War ended with the Treaty of Ghent, December
1814
U.S. didn’t formally gain new lands, but it kept the
Mississippi River and western frontier open
 Didn’t end impressment or deal with shipping rights

2.
3.
4.
Ended military hostilities between U.S. and
Great Britain
U.S. military proved itself a worthy opponent of
European powers who might seek to assert
themselves in North America
The Federalist party had opposed the war, so
they lost credibility and faded from politics
THE WAR OF 1812-RESULTS, CONTINUED
5.
6.
American sense of pride at defeating Great
Britain again helped produce a stronger sense of
national identity
The war also required the development of U.S.
industries because it was so difficult to trade
safely with other countries

U.S. manufacturing (mostly in the north) and
agriculture (mostly in the south) improved and grew
more prosperous
WORK PERIOD: TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 14
War of 1812 video
 In small groups, answer the essential questions
using language of the standards:
1. How was the identity of the United States
strengthened by the War of 1812 and territorial
expansion?
2. How did the Northwest Ordinance set the tone
for the future development of the United States?
3. How did the acquisition and exploration of the
Louisiana Territory agree with Jefferson’s
political philosophy?

SPONGE: WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 15
Everyone should have a blue book
 If you aren’t in a history ELT, see me for notes
we covered yesterday in afternoon ELT
1. What effect did the Erie Canal have?

a. It hurt New York because other cities could better
compete with it economically.
b. It discouraged western migration.
c. Steam-powered boats were no longer useful
because the canal encouraged land travel.
d. New York’s economy grew because the canal
allowed manufacturers to ship products more easily.
2. In what ways did the War of 1812 help to forge a
national identity?
YOUR NEW UNIT PORTFOLIO LOG
Unit 2 make-up questions
 Standard break-down sheet
 Notes from 2/13, 2/14 and 2/15
 Manifest destiny poster or brochure
 “War of 1812” guided reading packet
 Monroe Doctrine political cartoons
 Essential questions
 Today’s Quiz

QUIZ!

This is open-note, but you can only use notes that
you have taken with your own hand (i.e., no
books)
SSUSH6: ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF
TERRITORIAL EXPANSION AND
POPULATION GROWTH AND THE
IMPACT OF THIS GROWTH IN THE
EARLY DECADES OF THE NEW
NATION
Element e: Describe the reasons for and the
importance of the Monroe Doctrine
TODAY’S ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1.
How did events in Latin America lead to
the development of the Monroe Doctrine?
2.
How was the identity of the United
States strengthened by the Monroe
Doctrine?
PRESIDENT JAMES MONROE - #5
Elected 5th president in
1816 as a Republican;
served two terms from
1817-1825
 Served in the Continental
Army
 Anti-Federalist;
identified with Jefferson
 U.S. Senator
 Ambassador to France
 Helped negotiate the
Louisiana Purchase

PRESIDENT MONROE-ERA OF GOOD
FEELINGS

After the end of the War of 1812 and with the
demise of the Federalist party, U.S. entered a
period of national pride and political unity known
as the Era of Good Feelings
THE MONROE DOCTRINE-1823
Spain and Portugal planned to work together to
recapture their colonies in the Americas (i.e., North,
Central and South America) that had gained their
independence
 President Monroe said:
1.) U. S. would not tolerate European
intervention in affairs of any independent nation
in the Americas; no longer open to colonization
2.) U.S. would view any attempts to do so as
aggression
3.) U. S. would not interfere in internal affairs of
other American countries, nor in those of
European nations

TODAY’S ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1.
How did events in Latin America lead to
the development of the Monroe Doctrine?
2.
How was the identity of the United
States strengthened by the Monroe
Doctrine?
WORK PERIOD: WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 15


1.
2.

1.
2.
3.
4.
In small groups, answer the questions related to the
political cartoons regarding the Monroe Doctrine
In small groups, answer the essential questions using
language of the standards; 1 paragraph each:
Why is the Monroe Doctrine considered a document of
sovereignty for the United States of America?
How was the identity of the United States
strengthened by the War of 1812 and territorial
expansion?
In small groups, create a multi-flow map for the
following:
War of 1812
Northwest Ordinance
Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark Expedition
SSUSH6 THE STUDENT WILL
ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF
TERRITORIAL EXPANSION AND
POPULATION GROWTH AND THE
IMPACT OF THIS GROWTH IN THE
EARLY DECADES OF THE NEW
NATION.
d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal,
the rise of New York City, and the development of
the nation’s infrastructure.
NEW YORK CITY

NYC benefitted from the increase in
manufacturing that took place during the War of
1812



Many textile mills were mass producing textiles in
NYC by 1814
NYC was a key economic center in U.S.
As a port city, its population grew from
immigrants
NEW YORK CITY AND THE ERIE CANAL

The Erie Canal was completed in 1825

Canal = man-made waterway meant to make water
travel faster and easier
Provided new shipping route from Lake Erie to
the Hudson River
 363 miles; took 8 years to dig
 Helped to further expand NYC as a commercial
center and helped the economy in the entire
northeastern U.S.
 Robert Fulton’s steam powered boat also
enhanced the economy

THE ERIE CANAL
NATIONAL IDENTITY
•
•
•
•
Henry Clay’s
American
System
Method for improving
nation’s economy and
infrastructure
Clay was a member of
Congress and a Whig
*The War of 1812 taught
us not to rely too much on
foreign goods*
HENRY CLAY’S AMERICAN SYSTEM
•
What did the American System do?
1.) Infrastructure -- The country built roads,
rail lines, services and utilities, and canals;
federal government subsidized these projects
2.) Protective tariff – tax on imported goods
(helped U. S. manufacturing to grow and
compete by making foreign goods more
expensive to buy)
3.) Internal improvements – better canals
and roadways
4.) Second National Bank – helped interstate
commerce and stabilized nation’s currency
•PURPOSES:
strengthen U.S.; make
the U.S. economically independent;
unite different regions of the
country
WORK PERIOD: WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 15
With your group, examine the political cartoons
that deal with the Monroe Doctrine and answer
the questions.
 Answer the following essential questions. Your
answers must be at least one paragraph. The
group should discuss the questions, but everyone
should write their own answers.
 Hallway quizzes

WORK PERIOD: THURSDAY, SEPT. 29
1.
2.
3.
4.
In groups of 4, take turns doing a 10-question
USA Test Prep test on Ms. Brown’s computer.
For each incorrect answer, everyone in the group
must write down the question and the
explanation for the correct answer. Must be done
by end of class.
Work on your vocabulary cards: each person
should complete 10 new cards for the new unit.
Must be done by end of class.
Every one should create one page that can be
added to the word wall for this unit.
With your group, answer three of the essential
questions that we have had so far in this unit.
(They will all be in your notes.) Must be done by
end of class.