US II
December 3, 2014
24.1 Notes, Part 1: Rise of Dictators
2. 24.1 Vocabulary
3. Hearing/Vision Screening
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Period 7: 1:20
Current Event Due Friday
Unit V
World War II
1939-1945
Chapters 24 & 25
24.1
AMERICA AND THE WORLD
The Rise of Dictators
 Nov.1918: Germany surrendered to Allies (Britain,
France, USA)
 Germans hated Treaty of Versailles.
 European nations suffered after WWI through
1920’s and during the Depression of 1930’s.
 Some nations embraced dictators.
 Totalitarianism-single ruler that controls citizens’
lives.
Mussolini in Italy
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Benito Mussolini
Italian WWI veteran.
1919- Created Italy's fascist party.
Fascism: Aggressive militant nationalism.
Believed military expansion makes nation
great.
Like many Italians, he was disappointed with
Allies and Treaty of Versailles.
1922- Mussolini and his followers, black
shirts, (unemployed WWI veterans) march
on Rome saying communist revolt was near
and the he could restore order in Italy.
Soon he was named Premier by King Victor
Emmanuel.
1925: Mussolini took total control of Italy.
Outlawed other political parties, controlled all
newspapers, and established a secret police.
Known as IL Duce, “the leader.”
Hitler and Rise of Nazi’s
in Germany
 Adolph Hitler: German WWI veteran.
 Political & economic chaos in Germany
after WWI led to rise of the National
Socialist German Workers’ Party, or
NAZI.
 Nazis were not socialists and were not
concerned with workers rights.
 Believed in German ethnic purity and
nationalism and that if pure German
Aryans controlled Germany, its’
greatness could be restored.
 Hitler joined the Nazi party after WWI
and soon became the leader.
Hitler and the Nazi’s
 1923: Was imprisoned for 9
months after he led a failed
NAZI rebellion to overthrow
Weimar Republic.
 In prison wrote Mein Kampf
(My Struggle) describing
problems facing Germany and
vision of a new German Reich.
 Wrote about Anti-Semitism
 Believed German Aryan
master race needed more
lebensraum, living space, and
wanted Germany to expand.
Hitler
and the Nazi’s
 Horrible German economy in
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1920’s/1930’s helped Nazi party gain
power in the Reichstag (German
congress.)
1933- President von Hindenburg of
the Weimar Republic appointed
Hitler Chancellor of Germany.
President Von Hindenburg died in
1934.
Known as Fuhrer, “the leader.”
Created secret police (Gestapo) and
government controlled media and
education.
Late 1930’s, Hitler’s economic
policies (rebuilding of military and
public works projects) ended German
economic depression.
December 10, 2013
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Finish 24.1 Notes
Finish 24.1
Vocabulary?
24.2 Vocabulary-
WWII Begins
Militarists Gain
Control in Japan
- During 1920’s: Capitalism &
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democracy in Japan.
Small island: needs to import resources
to produce goods.
Imports were more expensive than
export revenue, which hurt businesses
and led to unemployment during late
1920’s.
When Depression hit in 1930’s, other
nations raised tariffs, further hurting
Japanese economy.
Japanese people began to doubt
democracy & capitalism.
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Militarists in Japan
assassinated the Prime
Minister in 1932.
Emperor allowed militarists
to take over government.
Japan became imperialist,
hoping to dominate Asia.
Led by Emperor Hirohito,
Japan began aggressively
expanding.
1931- Japan invaded
Manchuria, region in China
with natural resources.
1937- Japan invaded all of
China.
1941: Hideki Tojo, head of
Japanese military, named
Prime Minister.
Militarists Gain Control
in Japan
Stalin Takes Over the USSR
 1922- Communist Russia under Vladimir
Lenin renamed Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR.)
 Joseph Stalin took over in 1929.
 He transformed the USSR from a peasant
farming society into an industrial and
military superpower (5-year plans and
collective farming.)
 Very cruel and ruthless.
 Responsible for at least 10 million deaths of
suspected traitors & peasants who resisted
his communist policies (The Great Purge)
From 24.1: America Turns to Neutrality
 Most Americans supported isolationism (similar
to before WWI.)
 Neutrality Act of 1935: Illegal for Americans to
sell weapons to any nation at war.
 1936-1939: Spanish Civil War- Francisco
Franco (Fascist leader) vs. mainly Communist
Spanish government.
 Soviet Union supported Communists; Italy and
Germany assisted the Fascists.
America Turns to Neutrality
 FDR supported
internationalism: trade between
nations can lead to prosperity
and help prevent war.
 Neutrality Act of 1937:
Required any county at war who
buys American goods (noncontraband) to do so on a cash
and carry basis.
 July, 1937: Japan launched
invasion of China: FDR
authorized sale of weapons to
help the Chinese.
 Legal?
December 12, 2013
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WWII Map-Europe in 1939- Handout
Continue 24.2 Notes: WWII Begins
Finish 24.1 and 24.2 Vocabulary
Ch. 24 Quiz: Sections 1,2,4: Wednesday, Dec. 18th
Unit V Exam (Ch. 24 & 25): Wednesday, January 15th
WWII Begins
 1933: Hitler
demanded
unification of all
German
speaking people
in Europe.
 March, 1936:
German troops
entered
Rhineland, area
under French
control since
WWI.
 French had no
resistance.
WWII Begins
 Feb. 1938: Hitler
sends NAZI troops
into Austria and
annexed Austria.
(Anchluss)
WWII Begins
 Sept., 1938: Hitler
demands Sudetenland:
part of Czechoslovakia
with 3 million German
speaking people and
rich in natural
resources.
 Hitler and French and
British leaders in go to
Munich to meet.
WWII Begins
 Sept. 1938: Neville
Chamberlain and Edward
Daladier agree to Hitler's
demands at the Munich
Conference (Treaty of
Munich)
 Appeasement: Giving in to
aggressor's demands to
keep peace.
 Hitler promised no further
expansion.
 Oct., 1938: German troops
enter Sudetenland.
WWII Begins
 Oct.1938: Hitler demanded
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Danzig, Polish Baltic Sea port
city (90% German population)
Danzig was German territory
before WWI.
Hitler also requested highway
and railroad access across
Northern Poland.
Appeasement had failed!!!
March, 1939: NAZI occupation
of all of Czechoslovakia.
Britain makes announcement…
WWII
Begins
 Aug.1939: Nazi-Soviet
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Nonaggression Pact: Stalin and
Hitler sign agreement not to go to
war with each other and to invade
and divide Poland.
Sept. 1, 1939: Hitler invades
Poland.
Sept. 3, 1939 British and French
declare war on Germany.
Sept. 1939-May, 1940: “Phony
War”
German blitzkrieg: lightning war:
Tanks, artillery, aircraft, soldiers.
Poland, Denmark, Norway,
Netherlands Belgium,
Luxembourg, all surrender by
Summer, 1940.
Miracle at
Dunkirk
 Hundreds of
thousands of Allied
soldiers trapped at
Dunkirk.
 Miracle at Dunkirk:
338,000 French and
British troops saved.
 Three weeks later:
June 22, 1940France surrenders.
Battle of Britain
 May, 1940: Winston Churchill replaces Neville
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Chamberlain as British Prime Minister.
Hitler thought Britain would negotiate peace
after France surrendered.
Prepared for German invasion.
Germany’s invasion began in the air because
invasion across Channel would be too
dangerous.
German Luftwaffe vs. RAF (Royal Air Force.)
Air battle from June, 1940-Oct. 1940 began
with Luftwaffe attacking British Navy and RAF.
Aug 24, 1940: Luftwaffe accidentally bombed
center of London.
RAF responds by bombing Berlin.
Hitler commands Luftwaffe to bomb Britain
repeatedly.
Battle of Britain
 Hitler wanted to terrorize the British so
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they would lose their will to fight.
British developed new technology called
radar, giving them an advantage.
British RAF successful vs. the Luftwaffe.
Oct.12, 1940: Hitler stops the attempted
invasion of Britain.
The Blitz: September 1940-May 1941:
raids in which more than 100 tons of
explosives were dropped on 16 British
cities.
London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for
57 consecutive nights.