Czars Resist Change

Czar Alexander III and
absolute authority

Czars Continue Autocratic
Rule



Censorship and secret
police
Oppression of racial and
religious minorities
specifically who?
(pogroms?)
Czar Nicholas II succeeds
AIII and continues the
autocratic rule
Russia Industrializes

Russia rapidly industrializes
through growth in the _________
industry and the development of
railroads

The Revolutionary Movement
Grows




Russian citizens’ response to
industrialization? (Does this sound
familiar?)
Marxist ideas of an overthrow by
the proletariat became popular
Mensheviks vs. Bolsheviks
How is Lenin able to gain control
of the Bolsheviks? What happens
to him?
Crises at Home and Abroad

3 major events that paved the way for revolution in Russia:

The Russo Japanese War


Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1905



February 1904 Russia breaks treaties with the Japanese, losses to
the Japanese increase unrest
January 1905 Russians petition the _______ at his winter palace
in ____________ for what?
As a result, the Duma is created…and dissolved after 10 weeks
WWI: The Final Blow



WWI exposes Russia’s weaknesses
Rasputin (in exchange for “healing” the czar’s son is able to
make key political decisions in the czar’s absence
Desertion, food, fuel all became issues
Portrait of the 8 year old Alexei
Rasputin
The March Revolution

200,000 workers strike in
Petrograd, soldiers shot down
rioters then?

The Czar Steps Down



In 1917 Nicholas II abdicates and
a year later his entire family is
_________
The Duma establishes what in
place of the czar?
Soviets are formed locally in an
attempt to gain power and make
reforms
The Bolshevik Revolution

Lenin’s “Peace, Land, and Bread” slogan sweeps through
Russia’s major soviets

The Provisional Government Topples


Bolsheviks in Power



Distribution of farmland, control of factories, Treaty of BrestLitovsk
Russia citizens’ response?
Civil War Rages in Russia



Lenin and the Bolshevik Red Army arrest the provisional
government and take over gov’t offices
What kinds of groups made up the White Army? Purpose?
14 million Russians die, Red Army crushes the opposition
More like the French or American Revolution?
Lenin Restores Order

What did war and revolution do to the
Russia economy?

New Economic Policy



The NEP under Lenin allows for
_________ control of major industry
and __________ ownership of small
businesses
In just 7 years Lenin has Russia back to
pre-war production
Political Reforms


In response to nationalism, Lenin
organizes Russia into the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics
Bolsheviks become the Communist
Party with Lenin as dictator (of the
party and not the people, so he said)
Stalin Becomes Dictator

After Lenin’s stroke in 1922,
Leon Trotsky (leader of the Red
Army) and Joseph Stalin
compete for leadership of the
Communist Party

Stalin worked hard to get his
people into position of power
within the Communist Party

Gained total power by 1928,
Trotsky forced into exile in 1929
14.1 Daily Questions
1.
What was gained by the Russian czar’s censorship and strict
policies?
2.
Why did entering WWI prove devastating for Czar Nicholas?
Honors Only
How did Lenin’s Communist Party stray from Marx’s original
concept of communism?
3.
A Gov’t of Total Control

Totalitarianism-a gov’t that takes total,
centralized, state control over every
aspect of public and private life (mass
communication)

Challenge to Western ideals like what?

Terror, indoctrination, propaganda,
censorship, persecution

Police Terror

Terror and violence

Police exist to enforce the ________’s
policies as opposed to what?

Use of spies, intimidation, brutal force
A Gov’t of Total Control

Indoctrination


Propaganda and Censorship




Instruction in the gov’t’s beliefs (control
of education/youth)
Biased or incomplete information
Control of mass media
What happened if you went against
gov’t provided information?
Religious or Ethnic Persecution



Take the blame, become enemies of the
state
Terror/violence
Rules and living situations
Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State


Police State

Citizens become vigilantes

Arrest and execution of millions of
Russians

Great Purge-campaign directed at
eliminating anyone who threatened his
power

What happened to Bolsheviks under
Stalin?
Russian Propaganda and Censorship

Against creativity, must conform to state
views

How did the media portray Stalin?

Use of propaganda to influence behavior
Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State

Education and Indoctrination




Nursery schools university
What happened to those who
questionsed the CP?
Sacrifice and hard work
Religious Persecution

Atheists spread anti-religious
propaganda

What happened to churches and
religious leaders?

Could a perfect communist state
truly be created?
Stalin Seizes Control of the
Economy

Creation of a command economy where
the ______ made all of the economic
decisions

An Industrial Revolution


Five-Year Plans-quotas and goals for
output…how would this effect the
production of consumer goods? Overall
results?
An Agricultural Revolution

Collective farms created by combining
privately owned farms in the USSR,
purpose?

How did peasants attempt to sabotage
gov’t efforts?
Daily Life Under Stalin

How did the lives of Soviet
citizens change under
Stalin?

Women Gain Rights




After the Revolution
women were seen as equal
in the USSR
Forced to join the labor
force
Chosen professions?
Expectations at home?
Total Control Achieved

How long does it take Stalin to transform society?

Rule by terror instead of a constitutional government
14.2 Daily Questions
1.
Why did Stalin limit the production of consumer goods?
2.
What was so revolutionary about education under Stalin?
Honors Only
3. What is ironic about Stalin putting the Bolsheviks on trial for
crimes against the state?
Nationalists Overthrow
Qing Dynasty

Why was China considered “ripe for
revolution” in the 1900s? (Hint: modern
vs. traditional)

Kuimintang push for modernization,
led by Sun Yixian they _________ the
Qing dynasty

Shaky Start for the New Republic


3 goals:

An end to foreign control

Democracy

Economic security
Military rule takes hold of China,
betraying the democratic ideals that
started it
Nationalists Overthrow
Qing Dynasty

WWI Spells More Problems




China enters the war on the side
of the __________ hoping for
what?
The May Fourth Movement
across China shows devotion to
change and strong opposition
the Treaty of Versailles
Democracy vs. communism
Why would Chinese citizens
abandon democracy in favor of
Lenin’s brand of Communism?
The Communist Party in China

What was the difference between Marx and Mao’s vision of a
communist revolution?

Lenin Befriends China

Nationalists and Communists in China unite (for a short time), why?

Lenin sends ________ and ________ to aid the revolutionary cause

Peasants Align with the Communists



The new leader of the Nationalists Jiang Jieshi is weary of the
Communists, why?
When the peasants did not feel as if Jiang and the nationalists were
helping them, they began supporting the ______
Nationalists and Communists Clash


After uniting to defeat the warlords in China, Jiang turns against the
Communists
Jiang established the Nationalist Republic of China, recognized by
who (and more notably not who?)
Civil War Rages in China

Nationalists and Communists engage in
civil war, Mao recruits the _______ for his
Red Army

The Long March


Jiang’s army forces 100,000 communist
troops on what would be called the Long
March

Mao and the rest of the survivors settle in
northern China
Civil War Suspended

Civil war rages, Japan takes advantage
and by 1938 hold a large portion of China

The Nationalists and the Communists sign
an “uneasy truce” to defeat the Japanese
14.3 Daily Questions
1.
Why did Mao believe that peasants would make true
revolutionaries?
2.
Did Jiang and Mao eventually solve their differences? Why or
why not?
Honors Only
3. What were the weaknesses of the new republic in China?
Indian Nationalism Grows

Congress Party (Hindus) and the
Muslim League work together for
Indian independence, why?

WWI Increases Nationalist Activity


Indians fight for Britain during WWI
in exchange for what? Was this
promise fulfilled?

Rowlatt Acts allowed the English gov’t
to _________ protestors for up to
______ years
Amritsar Massacre

An alliance of Hindus and Muslims in
reaction to the Acts worries the British

Amritsar Massacre changes loyal
subjects to nationalists
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politi
cs/2013/feb/20/david-cameronpay-respects-amritsar-massacre
Gandhi's Tactics of Nonviolence

Gandhi’s approach to political
activity?

Noncooperation



Gandhi supports civil
disobedience (refusal and
nonviolence) as a reaction to the
Amritsar Massacre
Attempts to weaken the political
and _______ control over India
Boycotts


Refusal to buy goods, attend
schools, pay taxes, vote in elections
Gandhi successfully leads a
boycott of British __________
Gandhi's Tactics of Nonviolence

Strikes and Demonstrations



Civil disobedience significantly
effects the British economically
Was Gandhi able to eliminate all
violence?
The Salt March



Purpose for walking 240 miles to
the ocean?
The march against salt
processing results in the brutal
beating of demonstrators
gains international support for
Gandhi
Britain Grants Limited Self-Rule

By 1935 India is allowed to
self-govern with limited
democratic elections

Not full independence
until 1947

Muslims vs. Hindus in the
fight for control of India
Nationalism in SW Asia


Turkey Becomes a Republic

Break up of the Ottoman Empire after
WWI

Mustafa Kemal defends the Turks
against Greek conquest and the
___________ overthrow the sultan

1923 Turkey becomes a republic,
Kemal’s reforms?
Persia Becomes Iran

British try and take over Persia after
WWI, nationalists revolt under Reza
Shah Pahlavi

Pahlavi modernizes, keeps the power,
and renames the country Iran in 1935
Nationalism in SW Asia


Saudi Arabia Keeps Islamic
Traditions

Saudi Arabia is united in 1932 under
the Saud family

Arab and Islamic traditions are kept

Religious traditions, no democracy
Oil Drives Development

1920s and 1930s Europeans and
Americans become interested in
_______ deposits in SW Asia

2/3rds of the world’s oil supply was
found near the Persian Gulf

Economic changes and development
because of the potential for huge
profits
14.4 Daily Questions
1.
Why was civil disobedience a popular solution for Indians?
2.
In what ways was civil disobedience a more successful
method than violence?
Honors Only
The Amritsar Massacre is similar to what event in Russian
history that also sparked a revolution?
3.