10/22/14
Freshman Composition
• Take Quiz on 75 Readings Plus Readings
• Read selections “The Green Eyed Monster” and
“Pride” and complete Response Reading Essays
• Introduction to Comparison and Contrast Essay
• Practice brainstorming using Grant versus Lee
essay by Bruce Canton
• Pass out Comparison and Contrast Assignment
Sheet and go over requirements
What to Expect Today
• Two Views of the Mississippi (Mark Twain)
• Two Ways to Belong in America (Bharati
Mukherjee)
• Neat People versus Sloppy People
Review 75 Readings
What do you know about Mark Twain?
• Who was he?
• What is he known for?
• American humorist, journalist,
lecturer, and novelist
• acquired international fame for
his travel narratives, especially
The Innocents Abroad (1869),
Roughing It (1872), and Life on
the Mississippi (1883), and for his
adventure stories of boyhood,
especially The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer (1876) and Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn (1885).
Views of the Mississippi (Mark Twain)
• Twain became a riverboat pilot and studied the Mississippi – learning
this trade was a “valuable acquisition”
• Not only did a pilot receive good wages and enjoy universal respect,
but he was absolutely free and self-sufficient: “a pilot, in those days,
was the only unfettered and entirely independent human being that
lived in the earth,” he wrote.
• The Civil War stopped his work as a riverboat pilot
Views of the Mississippi
Views of the Mississippi
How did Twain’s perspective of the
river (Mississippi) change from a
newcomer looking at the river to after
he became a riverboat pilot?
How things looked as a novice (1st view) and
then as a riverboat pilot
Views of the Mississippi
Views of River Before he became a
riverboat pilot
Views of River After he became a
riverboat pilot
The scene of the river was moving –
he had never seen anything like it.
He had an innocent appreciation
All the grace, beauty, and poetry had
gone out of the river for him; he had
lost his ability to appreciate it.
1st view
the red hue had brightened into gold;
there were boiling, tumbling rings as
many-tinted as an opal
Later view
the floating log means the river is
rising; the tumbling boils show a
dissolving bar.
He had a more negative view of the river after becoming a pilot according to this
text.
Thesis: Although mastering his profession provided him with a valuable skill, in
doing so he lost the ability to appreciate the beauty of its natural setting.
Views of the Mississippi
Why does Twain pity doctors?
Why does Twain pity doctors?
Instead of seeing beauty in someone’s face (lovely
flush in a beauty’s cheek) doctor sees disease or
symbols of decay
• About the Author: Bharati Mukherjee
Date of Birth: July 27, 1940
Where: Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), India
born to wealthy parents in India.
• by the age of three she learned how to read and
write
• In 1947, she moved to Britain with her family at
the age of eight and lived in Europe for about
three and a half years.
• By the age of ten, Mukherjee knew that she
wanted to become a writer, and had written
numerous short stories.
Two Ways to Belong in
America
Who do you think is the intended
audience for this essay “Two Ways to
Belong in America?”
Intended Audience for the Essay
• likely Americans who would be interested in the issue of
immigration; anyone who is willing to fight Congress for
the rights of immigrants, Congress directly.
Purpose
Mukherjee wrote the essay in response to Congress after
they started a movement to take away government benefits
from resident aliens (immigrants).
Two Ways to Belong in America
How were the two sisters alike?
• Both girls were born in India
•
•
•
•
Both came to the U.S. from India to attend college
Both married and remained
Both went into education as a profession
Both“like well-raised sisters we never said what was
really on our minds..”
Two Ways to Belong in America
How were the two sisters different?
Sisters Agree
• sense of betrayal over Congress making a movement to take
away benefits from resident aliens
• Mira says “I feel used, manipulated and discarded’ – she is a legal
immigrant who has worked hard and obeyed the rules
• Bharati “felt then the same sense of betrayal that Mira feels now. I
will never forget the pain of that sudden turning, and the casual
racistoutbursts the Green Paper elicited.
• attitude toward duty to siblings and toward marriage
• same career field (education)
Two Ways to Belong in America
Sisters Disagree over Citizenship
• Mira is still an Indian citizen & works in the U.S. with a green card
“happier to live in America as expatriate Indian than as an
immigrantAmerican.”
• Bharati – American citizen
• “I am an American citizen and she is not. I am
• moved that thousands of long-term residents are finally taking the
oath of citizenship. She is not.”
• “I need to feel like a part of the community I have adopted (as I tried
to feel in Canada as well). I need to put roots down, to vote and make
the difference that I can.”
• Mira married an Indian, Bharati married someone of a different
ethnicity (a Non-Indian)
Two Ways to Belong in America
Marrying Outside of Indian Culture
• “By choosing a husband who was not my father's
selection, I was opting for fluidity, self-invention, blue
jeans, and T-shirts, and renouncing 3,000 years (at least) of
casteobservant,"pure culture" marriage in the Mukherjee
family.”
• She calls it “an emotional strain” to marry outside my
ethnic community.
Two Ways to Belong in America
The author says she’s “finally figured out the difference
between neat people and sloppy people” What is the
distinction?
Neat People vs. Sloppy
People
The author says she’s “finally figured out the difference
between neat people and sloppy people” What is the
distinction?
It’s moral. Neat people are lazier and meaner than sloppy
people. Sloppy people are sloppy as a consequence of their
“extreme moral rectitude.”
Neat People vs. Sloppy
People
What are some characteristics of sloppy
people?
What are some
characteristics of sloppy
people?
• Live in Never-Never land
• They “aim too high and
wide” and never get neat
• They save everything
What are some characteristics of neat
people?
What are some characteristics of neat people?
• “bums and clods at heart”
• “have a cavalier attitude toward possessions,
including family heirlooms”
• “vicious with mail” –(throw away birthday cards)
• Wasteful (don’t clip coupons or save leftovers)
• Operate on 2 principles:
1. Never handle any item twice
2. Throw everything away
• Two Views of the Mississippi (Mark Twain)
• Two Ways to Belong in America (Bharati Mukherjee)
• Neat People versus Sloppy People
Take Quiz 75 Readings
• The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy
• 75 Readings page 130
• Pride - Dagoberto Gilb
• 75 Readings page 135
Complete Response
Reading Activity
Analyze Definition Essay
Readings
This essay
• attempts to define envy by distinguishing it from jealousy
quotes dictionaries, philosophers, and writers
• provides examples of types of envy and stimuli of envy
The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy
ENVY OR JEALOUSY?
Othello, Act 3, Scene 3
Who steals my purse steals trash
Oh, beware, my lord, of jealousy.
ENVY OR JEALOUSY?
ENVY OR JEALOUSY?
7 Deadly Sins
Why is
Envy The
Worst Sin?
The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy
Why is Envy
The Worst
Sin?
Envy is the only one that
involves a direct wish to
harm or take something
from another person
The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy
Jealousy
Envy
one yearns for general things (i.e.,
wealth or youth)
Envy is personal because it
focuses on self-gain and because it
targets specific people who have
what the envious person wants for
himself or wishes the other person
didn‘t have
Jealousy is not always pejorative;
one can after all be jealous of
one‘s dignity, civil rights, honor.‖
(Paragraph 6)
A malicious desire to hurt others by
taking what they have or resenting
them for having their good fortune
Jealous vs. Envy
• Green is traditionally a color associated with illness,
dating back to the Greeks. But it wasn’t until
Shakespeare that the notion of being “Green With
Envy” really started to take shape.
• In Othello, Iago warns Othello “beware, my lord, of
jealousy;/It is the green-eyed monster which doth
mock/The meat it feeds on.”
[Inspired by a cat who plays with its prey]
• In Anthony and Cleopatra,
•
“Lepidus, since Pompey’s feast, as Menas says, is troubled
with the green sickness.” [The green sickness, being envy]
• In Merchant of Venice,
• “How all the other passions fleet to air,
As doubtful thoughts, and rash-embraced despair,
And shuddering fear, and green-eyed jealousy!”
“Green with Envy”
• Gilb defines the concept of pride positively by describing
various members of the community in El Paso, Texas. In
showing the attitude of different generations toward
work, family, and civic duty, he not only defines what it is
to take pride in one‘s community and role in it but also
reveals something about the people of El Paso, who are
primarily of Mexican heritage.
Pride - Dagoberto Gilb
Set in El Paso, Texas
• author‘s intention is to portray Mexican Americans as
people who take pride in their strong work and family
ethic and long-standing service to the country
Pride - Dagoberto Gilb
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
working hard at a job
scoring high on a video game
wearing pretty clothes
graduating high school
one‘s children‘s accomplishments
the land, one‘s culture and history and heritage,
the sacrifices of one‘s ancestors, contribution to one‘s
nation through military service
Examples of Pride
Pride - Dagoberto Gilb
• ―Pride is working a job like it‘s as important as art or
war….
• ―Pride is the fearless reaction to disrespect and
disregard.‖
Metaphors
• ―Pride hears gritty dirt blowing against an agave whose
stiff fertile stalk, so tall, will not bend
• ―Pride smells a sweet, musky drizzle of rain and eats
huevos con chile in corn tortillas heated on a cast-iron
pan – the love of heritage.‖
Personification
Introduction to Comparison
and Contrast Essay
Writing a comparison/contrast paper involves
comparing and contrasting two subjects.
• A comparison shows how two things are alike.
• A contrast shows how two things are different
What is a
Comparison/Contrast
Paper?
• It is not enough to merely list what is the same and what
is different. Consider the following:
• What overall pattern is operating in the similarities and
why does it matter?
• How does the comparison enhance our understanding of
the separate entities?
• What is the cause of the differences and why does it
matter?
• What unique and new insight comes from contrasting the
entities?
Guidelines
Step 1: Choose two topics / subjects that can be compared
and contrasted
For this assignment, your choices include:
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two musical styles, such as classical and contemporary reggae
two musicians, composers
two filmmakers, artists, authors
two scientists, such as Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking
two military leaders, such as Robert E. Lee and Ulysess Grant
two American Presidents, such as Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson
two world leaders, such as Vladimir Putin and Mikhail Gorbachev
two professional athletes such as Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant
two vacation destinations
Two seasons such as autumn and spring
living on campus with living off campus
online classes versus traditional classes
two political systems, such as communism versus democracy
two religions, such as Christianity versus Judaism
two religious leaders, such as the Pope and Dalai Lama
Or two others – get approval from instructor
Step: 2
• Begin researching your topics
• List Similarities and Differences
• Use charts or graphs to organize ideas
Use Columns
Differences
Ryan
Similarities
Venn Diagrams
Differences
Jordan
B-day- March
Ryan
Age 13
Age: 7
Blue eyes
Green eyes
Jordan
Step: 2 (continued)
Make a Venn Diagram of the two subjects and write the similarities in the part
of the intersecting circles, while writing the differences in the parts of each
subject's circle that does not intersect with other. This will require you to
consult your sources, brainstorm, and analyze the two subjects on a deeper
level.
Step: 2 (continued)
• Give Brainstorming Process a Try
• Read Grant versus Lee
• As you read, complete the brainstorming chart:
Similarities and Differences
They were two strong men these oddly different generals,
and they represented the strengths of two conflicting
currents that, through them, had come into final collision.
Thesis of The Author
Similarities
• Both were two distinguished generals
• Both had passion for what they were fighting for
• Both were fearless and fought without reservation
• Both could inspire their soldiers to fight
• Both fought in the Mexican War
• Both went to West Point
How Were Lee and Grant Alike?
Lee
Grant
Aristocracy – old fashioned idea
grew up with and stood for a noble way of
life. He believed in tradition, and ersonified
that with English knights and country squires.
He believed in hierarchy and inequity
Democracy – hope and future of the
nation
believed that status was not just bestowed
upon a person, they had to earn it. Grant was
not just handed things early in his life. He
relied on no one, and cared not for the
traditions of the past. He stood for a more
democratic and competitive lifestyle
Supported inequality in social structure
believed that only wealthy
landowners could be leaders because they
had a stake in their community.
Supported equality
believed any man could become a
leader, provided he had the ability, skills, and
was able to assume the position
satisfied with the status quo, feared change
dissatisfied with the status quo, believed in
democracy and competition
was a middle-class man from humble
beginnings in the mountains
was an aristocrat from a family of
landowners
How Were Lee and Grant Different?
• As you visit websites, write down information and record
URL addresses
For example:
A beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of a body of water. (information)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach (URL address)
A beach consists of loose particles which are often composed of rock, such as sand,
gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones. (information)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach (URL address)
Step 3: Document Your Sources
Step 4:Develop Your Thesis Statement
Example 1: Comparison/Contrast Thesis
Statement
Step 4:Develop Your Thesis Statement
Example 2: Comparison/Contrast
Thesis Statement
Step 4:Develop Your Thesis Statement
Example 3: Comparison/Contrast
Thesis Statement
Example 1: Even though Venus and Serena Williams
are both professional tennis stars, they differ in their
opinions about men, movies, and music.
Example 2:
Even though Grant and Lee were two distinguished
generals in the Civil War in 1865, (one similarity) they
were significantly different in terms of their background,
perceptions of leadership, and the sense of loyalty to their
own region. (three differences)
Step 5: Begin Writing Body Paragraphs
• Start by taking one of your main points and writing it in sentence
form
1. Sort or group all similarity sentences together and all
dissimilarity sentences
2. Begin linking sentences together with transition words
(see next slide)
3. Add topic sentences and concluding sentences after all
points are linked together
Step 6: Crafting of Body Paragraphs
Transitions Words:
Contrast: On the contrary, contrarily, notwithstanding, but, however, nevertheless, in spite
of, in contrast, yet, on one hand, on the other hand, rather, or, nor, conversely, at the same
time, while this may be true.
Addition: in addition to, furthermore, moreover, besides, than, too, also, both-and, another,
equally important, first, second, etc., again, further, last, finally, not only-but also, as well
as, in the second place, next, likewise, similarly, in fact, as a result, consequently, in the
same way, for example, for instance, however, thus, therefore, otherwise
*These are just a few examples; feel free to research other transition words/phrases
Transition Words / Phrases
Grant was a middle-class man from humble beginnings in
the mountains. He was tough, self-reliant, and independent,
believing that he alone was responsible for his fate. Only his
skills, efforts, and perseverance would determine if he would be
successful. Because he was dissatisfied with the status quo, he
believed in democracy and competition. In contrast,
(transitional phrase), Lee was an aristocrat from a family of
landowners. He believed there should be an inequality in the
social structure, and that society should be tied to the land as
the chief source of wealth. Since Lee was satisfied with the
status quo, he feared change.
COMPARISON/CONTRAST
Sample Paragraph 2
Grant believed any man could become a leader, provided he
had the ability, skills, and was able to assume the position.
He wanted only to be able to improve himself and to prove
what he could accomplish. Nevertheless (transition), Lee
thought otherwise; he believed that only wealthy landowners
could be leaders because they had a stake in their community.
As a leader, Lee was accountable to those men in his region
because they looked to him as a role model for higher values.
Sample Paragraph 3
Grant had no sense of loyalty to his region.
As far as he was concerned, every many had
an equal chance to show how far he could
rise. He believed in competition. Privileges
had to be earned, not given. On the other
hand (transitional phrase), Lee was tied to his
region because of his position, and he would
fight to the limit to defend it because it was
what gave his life meaning.
COMPARISON/CONTRAST
Application of Part-by-Part Method
Sample Paragraph 4
• Use in-text essay citations when you:
1. Add a direct quote to your essay
2. Paraphrase an idea from a source
3. Summarize information from a single source
A beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of a body of water.
(“Beach”)
In-text citation are also called parenthetical reference
*Note, this is not a complete citation; only an extract of a citation
Step 7: In-Text Citation
Purpose: to attract the reader’s interest and attention. It
should also inform the reader about the focus of the
essay.
Techniques:
Anecdote
Startling Information
Dialogue
Summary
Interesting Fact
A Thought Provoking Question
Step 8: Writing an Introduction
• Anecdote-a short story the illustrates the point of the
paper
• Startling Information- must be true and accurate; may
need a sentence or two of explanation
• Dialogue- may only include two or three exchanges; no
need to reveal speakers
• Summary- briefly explain your topic
• Interesting Fact- statistical information related to topic
• Thought Provoking Question- used to grab reader’s
attention
Introduction Techniques
Purpose:
brings closure to the reader
Method:
sum up your main points and provide a final perspective
on your topic and incorporate one of the Introduction
Techniques (Anecdote, Startling Information, Dialogue, Summary,
Interesting Fact, A Thought Provoking Question)
Step 9: Conclusion
Despite the fact that both Grant and Lee were rivals
on the battlefield and Lee lost the war, both men
exemplified perseverance, courage, and patience
when they finally agreed to negotiate the terms for
peace in 1865 at Appomattox Court House after
many lives had been lost in the Civil War.
COMPARISON/CONTRAST
SAMPLE CONCLUSION
Create a works cited page:
Use MLA-style page numbering: your last name and the
page number.
The works cited page is the last page of the essay.
Title the page: Works Cited.
The entire page is double spaced [with no extra
spacing between entries].
For each entry, all lines after the first are indented five
spaces.
Punctuation and capitalization require your careful
attention.
The list of entries is alphabetized.
2 Name of Website
3 Date (in this case n.d.)
1 Word you looked up
(this is same as title
of article”
5 Date you accessed site
What do I need for the cite?
4 Medium (Web)
"Courage." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 13
Oct. 2014.
Works Cited Page Citation
How Do I Create a Works Cited Entry
for an Online Resource with Quotations
from Famous People?
2 Name of Website
4 Date (in this case n.d.)
3 Publishing Org (Xplore)
5 Medium (Web)
6 Date you
accessed
site
1 Author of Quote
(this is same as title of
article”
Citing
Courage
Quotes
by
What Information Do I Need for a Works Cited Entry for a cite
with a quotation?
Others
Citing Courage Quotes by Others
How Do I Cite An Online Article?
Nelson Mandela and Ghandi
What Information Do I Need to Create the
Works Cited Entry?
In Text Citation
Nelson Mandela “has become a kind of fairy tale: he is the last noble man, a
figure of heroic achievement” (Paramaguru).
OR
In her article “5 Great Stories About Nelson Mandela’s Humility, Kindness
and Courage,” Kharunya Paramaguru observed that Mandela “has become a
kind of fairy tale: he is the last noble man, a figure of heroic achievement.”
In-Text Citations –
According
to Dictionary.com, courage is “the quality of
Dictionary.Com
mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty,
danger, or pain.”
Dictionary.com is a SIGNAL phrase that suffices when
you document the full citation on your Works Cited
Page.
Nelson Mandela set aside the bitterness of enduring 27
years in apartheid prisons — and the weight of centuries of
colonial division, subjugation and repression — to
personify the spirit and practice of courage. Nelson
Mandela stated that he “ learned that courage was not the
absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is
not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that
fear” (“Quotes from Nelson Mandela”).
"Quotes from Nelson Mandela." Good Reads.
N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.
In-Text Citations
Citing Online Sources
In-Text Citations – Author
and Page # Known
In-text Citation - Online
Sources
In-text Citation - Online
Sources
In-text Citation - Online Sources
In-text Citation - Online Sources
• Draft – Comparison and Contrast Essay
75 Readings Plus
• Barbara Dafoe “Where Have All the Parents Gone”
• Phillip Meyer “If Hitler Asked You to Electrocute a
Stranger Would You? Probably”
• K.C. Cole “The Arrow of Time”
Homework