Do Now: Day 1
1. We will begin studying the ancient empire of
Rome. What modern day country is Rome
located in?
2. Define “aristocracy”.
3. Define “oligarchy”.
4. Define “democracy”.
5. Define “monarchy”.
6. Define “Council of 500”.
EQ: What is the political legacy of
Rome?
P- Describe the Roman Republic and compare
and contrast it with the American Republic.
ROME!
Agenda
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Do Now
Prayer/News and Notes
Write down EQ and SWBAT
PPT- end of Greece, beginning of Rome
Compare and Contrast Roman and American
Republic “P”
6. Ticket Out/HW
What happened to the ancient Greek
civilization?
• Aristotle’s greatest student, Alexander the Great
conquered and united Greece.
• He conquered the middle East.
• He expanded his empire all the way to India.
• After fighting for 11 years straight his soldiers wanted
to go home.
• After Alexander died his generals fought amongst each
other for power and the greatness of Greece was over.
• The new powerhouse on the rise was located in what is
modern Italy.
How was Rome founded?
• Founding Myth: Mars (Ares) had twins with a woman.
These boys were predicted to be more powerful than the
current king. King drowned them, but they were saved by
a wolf and grew up strong and killed the uncle and started
Rome. ROMULUS AND REMUS
• Truth: Founded by men who saw the strategic location of
the 7 hills, its close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea,
and the fertile soil that Rome offered
• Founded by a mix of Greeks and Etruscans (Italians from
the north of Italy). Eventually Etruscans always ruled.
Types of governments
Type
1 Oligarchy
2 Aristocracy
3 Council of 500
4 Democracy
5 Monarchy
Description
• A. Rule by one all powerful
king or queen
• B. The power is with the
people
• C. Just a few individuals hold
all the power
• D. The wealthy upper class
holds the power
• E. They randomly select 500
ordinary citizens to lead the
government
DO NOW
Explain why the greatness of the Greek civilization
ended and the Roman Republic began. Finish the
sentences below. You may use your notes.
The Greek
Empire
ended
when…
The myth
about how
Rome
started
says…
After Tarquin
the Harsh
ruled the
people
decided…
Who was the Last King of Rome?
• Tarquin the HARSH was the last king of Rome. (yikes!
You have to be cruel to get a nickname like that!)
• Started his reign by refusing to bury the old king,
murdering anyone loyal to him, and making himself
head judge of all trials.
• He tricked rival kings into meeting him and threw them
in a pool of water and put stones on them so they
would drown.
• After his rule, the people of Rome decided they
would never have a king EVER again and so the
Roman Republic was founded.
Rome claimed: We have the best of everything!
Claimed a republic has parts of a democracy, oligarchy, an aristocracy, and a monarchy.
Consuls:
•Elected by the
assembly
•Ruled for only 1
YEAR to limit power
•Chief of
government
•Chief of Army
The Assembly:
•All citizens of Rome.
(but only males are
citizens)
•Grouped according
to where they live
•Vote on consuls
•Makes laws
CONSUL
CONSUL
The Senate:
•Chosen from the
aristocrats.
•Job- to make laws
and advise consuls
•300 members
The American Republic: Executive Branch
EXECUTIVE
• 1 ruler
• Limited to 8 years of power,
(Two 4 yr. terms) to prevent
dictators
• The people elect the president
• Job- runs the government, and
is chief of the military
• Two other branches to keep
president in check (Legislative
and Judicial)
President-?
The American Republic: Legislative Branch
LEGISLATIVE
• Chosen from any American
citizen, based on the region
they are from.
• Job: make laws and advise
the president
• 100 members in Senate,
serves 6 years
• 435 members in the House,
serves 3 years
• Elected by the people
US Senate and
House of Representatives
The Roman Republic and American Republic: Judicial Branch
Rome
• 12 Tables- a list of rules that
is the basis for the Roman
legal system.
• Upheld by 8 judges
• Term- 1 year
America: The Constitution
• US Constitution- the basic
law of the United States
• Upheld by 9 judges
• Term- For Life
Agenda
1.
2.
3.
4.
Do Now
Prayer/News and Notes
Venn Diagram HW- Turn in!
Lecture/BBC Video- Why did the Roman
Republic End?
5. Ticket Out
6. HW
Do Now
Before you do the Do Now take out your reading
guide so I can pick it up.
Why do you think Rome fell?
EQ: If the Republic is such a good
thing, why did it end?
• SWBAT analyze why the republic ended and the
empire began.
• Prayer (thanks for the reminder Scott
Tu eres mi otro yo (You are my other self)
Si te hago dano a ti (If I hurt you)
Me hago dano a mi (I hurt myself)
Si te amo y te respeto (If I love and respect you)
Me amo y me respeto yo. (I love and respect
myself.)
Notes
Why did the Roman Republic end?
• The gaps between the rich and poor grew wider and
wider.
• Small farmers couldn’t compete with the rich who had
giant farms
• Most farmers were ex-soldiers- they couldn’t believe
Rome would treat them this way after they fought for
these people.
• Generals in the army began to grow very powerful,
they promised these poor farmers land if they joined.
• Soldiers began to feel more allegiance (loyalty) to
generals than the consuls and the Republic.
How did Julius Caesar end the Roman
Republic?
• After his year as consul is up, he is not satisfied
• Appoints himself general of Gaul (now France)
• His men loved him because he fought alongside
them
• His victories made him popular all over the
empire
• The Senate orders Julius to disband his army and
return to Rome
• In three years he defeated all opposing Roman
armies and the Senate appointed him dictator
BBC- The end of the Roman Republic
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfKwywgs1g4
1. What was Julius’ genius idea when he was outnumbered by the Gauls?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=li8oV4pq4QE
2. What does Julius Caesar mean when he says “Rome does not love her soldiers…she is run by corrupt
aristocrats who profess to rule in your name,”? In other words, how does he convince his soldiers
to fight with him to take over Rome?
3. What rule did the Senate worry Julius would break? Why would that be dangerous for the Repubilc?
4. What was the founding principal of the Roman Republic that Caesar threatened to violate?
5. Before Caesar’s threats, how long had the Republic lasted?
POMPEY DECIDES TO FIGHT FOR THE REPUBLIC, CAESAR MUST DEFEAT HIM TO END THE REPUBLIC.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIRlfyz89MM&feature=related
6. What advantages did Pompey have over Caesar?
How did it end?
Caesar beats Pompey, even though he is outnumbered because of a miscommunication between
Pompey’s calvary. He is appointed dictator of Rome and the Roman Republic has come to an end.
Ticket Out: Finish this sentence…
The Roman Republic ended because…
HW
1. Take home RESPECT sheet and fill out the “P”
for Rome and America.
Do Now Day 2: Read pgs. 161-162 and
answer the following questions:
Caesar’s Reforms
1. What are some of the reforms made under
Caesar?
2. How did Caesar die?
Beginning of the Empire
1. Who took over after Caesar?
2. How did the Second Triumvirate end?
• EQ: What was life like in Rome?
SWBAT: Be able to analyze how society was set
up in ancient Rome.
Agenda
1. Do Now
2. Prayer
Tu eres mi otro yo (You are my other self)
Si te hago dano a ti (If I hurt you)
Me hago dano a mi (I hurt myself)
Si te amo y te respeto (If I love and respect you)
Me amo y me respeto yo. (I love and respect myself.)
3. Social Classes
4. Ticket Out
Summarize:
What was the Roman economy like?
• 90% of economy was based on agriculture. This
is how Rome made money and supplied itself.
• Created coins called a “Denarius”. It could be
used anywhere in the Roman Empire- it was a
common monetary system.
• The great road system built by the Romans
helped them trade with far off places, like Asia,
for things they could not make themselves.
Summarize:
How were social classes divided in the
Roman Empire?
Rich
Poor
Slaves
Summarize: What was life like for the Rich?
What was life like for the Poor?
What was life like for slaves?
RICH
POOR
SLAVES
•Giant estates and made
money off of farming
•Owned homes, gardens,
slaves
•Banquets to show off
wealth that included rare
foods like parrot-tongue
pie and boiled ostrich
•Most were unemployed
•Lived off daily rations of
grain given to them by
the government
•Lived in seven story
wooden buildings that
often collapsed and
killed the residents or
caught fire
•Had more slaves than
any previous civilization
•One out of every 3
people in Rome was a
slave
•If you born to a slave,
you were a slave
•Most slaves were
captured in battle or the
people the Romans
conquered
•Could be bought and
sold
•Could be punished in
any way their master
saw fit, including death
•Many strong males
forced to become
gladiators
Ticket Out
What connections between Panem and Rome
can you see?
And America?
Fact or Fiction?
Rome and The Gladiators
SWBAT explain how gladiator games kept
peace in the Roman Empire.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Why did ancient Rome have gladiator games?
Why was it called the “Bread and Circus”?
Who were the gladiators?
What kind of fights did they participate in?
How did they pair opponents?
Where did the fighting styles come from?
What did the Romans consider “politically
incorrect” when choosing an ethnic fighting
style?
Why have the gladiator games?
The “Bread and Circus”
The“Bread and Circus”
• Slaves = 1/3 of Rome’s population
• Conditions of poor terrible- unclean, fire was a constant
danger
• Distraction: Emperor suggests “Bread and Circus”
• Insulting! The implications of a “Bread and Circus” are that
the public is values food and entertainment more than
their rights
• To keep the poor happy, they had 150 holidays a year by
250 AD
Bread & Circus: Retail Stores
916 Walnut Street, Newton, MA - (617) 969-1141
Who were the gladiators?
• Despite the Hollywood heroics, gladiators did not usually
choose their profession - it chose them. Slaves, prisoners of
war and condemned criminals were first in line to be taken
up by a lanista, a trainer who would purchase gladiator
candidates.
• The lanista sells them or rents them out for use in combats
staged by wealthy individuals or public officials.
• Arson, murder, mutiny and bankruptcy were among the
acts that could win a sentence of "damnatio ad ludum" or
"condemned to the gladiator schools." (As demand for
gladiators increased, this judgement became more
frequent.)
Who were the gladiators?
What kind of fights did they participate in?
How did the pair opponents? Where
did the fighting styles come from?
What kind of fights did they
participate in?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/games/gladiator/index_embed.shtml
Very unusual to pit the same styles of fighter of against each other
Originally the different fighting-styles must have evolved from types of combat that the Romans met among the
peoples whom they fought and conquered - thraex literally means an inhabitant of Thrace, the inhospitable land
bordered on the north by the Danube and on the east by the notorious Black Sea.
Subsequently, as the fighting-styles became stereotyped and formalized, a gladiator might be trained in an 'ethnic'
style quite different from his actual place of origin.
It also became politically incorrect to persist in naming styles after peoples who had by now been comfortably
assimilated into the empire, and granted privileged relationships with Rome. Hence by the Augustan period the
term murmillo replaced the old term samnis, designating a people south of Rome who had long since been
subjugated by the Romans and absorbed into their culture.
As the combat between each pair of gladiators reached its climax, the band played to a frenzied crescendo. The
combatants (as we know from mosaics, and from surviving skeletons) aimed at the major arteries under the arm
and behind the knee, and tried to batter their opponent's skull. The thirst for thrills even resulted in a particular
rarity, female gladiators.
When the Colosseum opened in 80 AD, it was marked with 100 days of games that featured hundreds of gladiator
fights, a ship battle and the slaughter of over an estimated 9,000 animals.
•
Within a century of the Colosseum's founding, gladiator games were being held nearly continuously throughout
the Roman Empire. Untold thousands of animals and humans died in the process. By the time animal combat was
abolished in the 6th century, the rush to supply the games had wiped out elephants from North Africa, lions from
Mesopotamia, and hippopotamuses from Nubia.
Set up of gladiator fight
• Gladiatorial displays were red-letter days in
communities throughout the empire. The whole
spectrum of local society was represented,
seated strictly according to status.
Part 1: The combatants paraded beforehand, fully
armed.
Part 2: Exotic animals might be displayed and
hunted in the early part of the program.
Part 3: Prisoners might be executed, by exposure
to the beasts.
Part 4/Main Attraction: The actual fight begins
POPULARITY
• Graffiti found in ancient Rome:
Celadus, suspirium puellarum = Celadus makes the girls swoon.
Clip 1: 47
• Fact or Fiction?
1. Were gladiators obtained in this way?
Clip 2: 58:23-1:06:30
• 2. Who did not cheer for the emperor on his
return?
• 3. Fact or Fiction: A black stripe indicated a
Senator in ancient Rome?
• 4. Fact or Fiction: Was plague and squalid
conditions a problem for the people of Rome?
• 5. Fact or Fiction: Did women ever have
influence on the Senate?
• 6. Fact or Fiction: They had 150 holidays each
year so they could hold gladiator games.
Clip 3: 1:20-1:24:45
• Fact or Fiction:
• 7. They would make gladiators pretend to be
different armies that Rome had battled and
conquered.
• 8. Fact or Fiction: Women participated in the
gladiatorial games.
Clip 4: 1:29:12-1:33
• Fact or Fiction:
9. The crowd could influence Caesar on whether
to kill or spare a life.
• Fact or Fiction:
• 10. The thumbs up meant “spare their life”.
Clip 5: 1:40-1:46
• Fact or Fiction:
• 11. They handed out free bread to keep the
poor people happy and from rebelling.
Ticket Out
1. Make a list of FIVE FACTS you learned about
gladiators.
HW: Finish the “E” and “S” of Rome and
America.
Do Now
Summarize the society in Ancient Rome
Agenda
1. Do Now
2. Prayer
3. Rome and Religion
1. Ticket Out
EQ: Why is it the Roman Catholic Church?
SWBAT analyze the cause for the rise and
widespread popularity of Christianity.
Rome and Religion
• Rome, like Mesopotamia and Greece, was
polytheistic. They worshipped many gods.
• They would include the gods of the people
they conquered in their own religious
practices. So for example, Zeus is known as
Jupiter in Roman mythology, Ares is Mars,
Poseidon is Neptune, Aphrodite is Venus.
Think Pair Share- Where do we see the legacy of
Roman mythology today?
Rome and Christianity
• Read from pages 168-172
What made it safe to travel and spread ideas in the Roman
empire?
What happened to the Jews after they rebelled?
Why were Christians persecuted in Rome?
Why did Christianity appeal to many?
Who makes Christianity the official religion of Rome?
Review of Christianity
• Jesus’ followers spread the message across
their lands. Which was inside the boundaries
of the Roman empire. Paul was especially
crucial to the spread of Christianity.
• The Pax Romana made travel and spread of
ideas safe. When the Pax Romana starts to
crumble persecution of Christians intensifies.
• Constantine accepts Christianity after having a
vision before battle.
Why was it popular??
• Embraced all people
• Gave hope to the powerless
• Appealed to those who were repelled by the
extravagances (luxuries) of Rome.
• Personal relationship with God
• Promised eternal life.
Think Pair Share
Trace the development of religion from Greece
all the way to the acceptance of Christianity.
Ticket Out- Tell me!!!
Do Now
Make three inferences about the culture of
Rome and how that might lead to its collapse.
The last Emperor of Rome
• Nero the last of the Julio- Claudian (Julius
Caesar’s decendants) was obsessed with art
and building.
• It is even rumored he intentionally started the
Great Roman Fire to clear land for his Domus
Aurea
• He was also a bit mad… as we shall see….
Nero
Part 3 (5:08-end)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JlKG1mjemw&featu
re=related
1. Why was it so scandalous that Nero was an actor?
Part 4 (Beginning to 1:56 and 7:16-end)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEXlJXzKWc&feature=related
2. What did Nero want from the Senate? What is he using it for?
3. What was Nero’s strategy for calming the unrest in Gaul?
Summarizer: Name three signs of Nero’s madness and why these things led to
the end of the Roman Empire.
Why does Rome end?
• Reason 1: Pirates are disrupting trade.
• Reason 2: Rome spent too much money on building project and wars to
expand the empire. They are broke!
• Reason 3: They exhausted the soil from too much farming causing food
shortages and sickness.
• Reason 4: As they continue to keep pushing the borders of the empire
farther, tribes and people outside the boundaries of Rome are attacking .
(The Huns, Vandals, Visigoths, Franks, Ostrogoths, Saxons)
• Reason 5: The generals have so much power that the soldiers are loyal to
the general, not to Rome.
• Reason 6: The gap between the rich and poor continued to grow and
grow.
• Reason 7: Terrible conditions for the poor caused people to feel no loyalty
to Rome. They didn’t care anymore about what happened to it.
• Reason 8: To pay for all of Rome’s debt, they made the poor pay heavy
taxes.
Ticket Out
• How is this story of collapse similar to others
we have looked at?
DO NOW
Directions: On the sheet provided, please use
the RESPECT construct to label the different
reasons Rome ended. Some might need more
than one letter.
Agenda
1. Do Now
2. Ticket Out
Greek Culture
heavily influence
Roman- especially
religion.
Christianity becomes
popular for many reasons:
•poor sick of the
Romans copy Greek gods and
decadence of Rome2
change names. Make emperors
•Gave hope to poor
gods. (Nero was considered a god) •Promised a better life in
Name two Greek gods and their heaven
Roman names.1
•Xstianity embraced ALL
people, not just rich
“R” Rome
90% of Rome’s economy
came from FARMING!
“E” of Rome
Rome had an amazing road system that
made trading easy in such a large
empire. Roads meant they could trade
for anything they could not provide
themselves. The first highway ever built
was the Appian Way.5
Rome covered three
continents (which 3?) 3, but
you could do business
anywhere because they had
common coinage the
denarius. 4
.
“S” of Rome
Rich
Poor
Slaves
Lived excessive
lifestyles- parrot
tongue pie,
endless parties 6
Miserable living
conditions, high
unemployment7
Captured in
battles. More
than 1/3 of the
population was
slaves. It was for
life. 8
After Tarquin the
Harsh Romans
decide to never have
a king again! 9
“P” of Rome
Julius Caesar ended the
Republic.
Explain the battle for Gaul
and why men were loyal to
him. 12 Killed by friend
Brutus. 13 Shakespeare play“Et tu Brutus?” 14
After Tarquin, they decided a Republic
was best. It had short terms to limit
power. It lasted 500 years.10 Explain
set up of the Roman Republic. 11
“E” of Rome
• Rich males were the only ones with access to
education.
“C” of Rome
The gap between the rich and poor continued to grow in the Roman Empire. To
keep the poor happy and prevent a rebellion, they created gladiator games for
their entertainment. The nickname was the Bread and Circus. Explain why it
was called the “Bread and Circus”. 15 Gladiators were 1.)prisoners of war
2.)criminals and 3.) female volunteers. A thumbs up meant “life”, and thumbs
down meant “death”. 16 Explain how fighters were matched. 17 Eventually,
Rome had 150 holidays a year to keep the poor from rebelling.18
“T” of Rome
The arch and the dome- Romans were amazing architects!
They also invented the aqueduct to
transport water.
Do Now
In a paragraph make an argument for what you
believe is the most influential aspect of
Roman society (In other words, what letter is
the most important one of the RESPECT).
Agenda
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Do Now
Prayer
May all beings everywhere plagued
with sufferings of body and mind
quickly be freed from their illnesses.
May those frightened cease to be afraid,
and may those bound be free.
May the powerless find power,
and may people think of befriending
one another.
Literacy exercise
Begin study guide
Ticket Out
EQ: How do I tell you about Rome?
SWBAT: Review Roman society by writing a
stellar (fantastic, wonderful, excellent)
paragraph consisting of a thesis (claim),
evidence, and explanation.
Wow, you’re a good writer!!
Step 1
Re-read the paragraph from the Do Now exercise.
We are going to edit this paragraph.
Looking at your paragraph think about these
questions:
Does it have a thesis?
What evidence do I give to back up (support) my
thesis?
Do I explain how my evidence supports my thesis?
Do I use transition words to make my paragraph
flow as smoothly as possible?
Wow, you’re a good writer
Step 2
• Re-write your paragraph based on your
answers to the previous questions.
* If you feel like you already have all of those
ingredients to create a solid paragraph go
back and see if you can improve on it by
coming up with a 2nd piece of evidence and
explanation.
Wow, you’re a good writer!!!
Step 3
• Exchange your paragraph with the person
sitting across the room from you.
• Read their paragraph and answer these
questions:
What is their thesis?
What did they use for evidence?
Does their evidence make sense to you?
Why or Why not?
Give the person their paragraph back.
Wow, you’re a good writer!!!
Step 4 (final step yay!)
• Looking at your peer reviewed paragraph
make any necessary changes.
• Turn your paragraph in to me for a copy of the
Study Guide.
Study Guide
• You have in front of you a number of questions
which will lead you to all you need to know about
Rome (at least for this class ). In other words, if
you answer the questions you will know what you
need to in order to get 3’s on the standards.
Working either individually (BY YOURSELF) or in
pairs (TWO PEOPLE) using your notes ,and the
book if need be, you have the rest of the hour to
begin completing the Study Guide for the test on
Friday.
Do Now
In your opinion, what is the most interesting
aspect (part) of ancient Rome?
Agenda
1.
2.
Do Now
Prayer
Hold on to what is good,
even if it's a handful of earth.
Hold on to what you believe,
Even if it's a tree that stands by itself.
Hold on to what you must do,
Even if it's a long way from here.
Hold on to your life,
Even if it's easier to let go.
Hold on to my hand,
Even if I've gone away from you.
3. Review
EQ: What do I know about Rome?
• SWBAT: Accurately review information
meeting the standards for Rome.
First Half of Class….
• You will work BY YOURSELF quietly on the
study guide.
Second Half
• We will review using the ActivInspire
• YAY!!
(Strategy example)
According to LEGEND Rome began…
A. When Christopher Columbus discovered it
and called it the New World
B. Mars (Ares) had twins who were rescued by
wolves that grew up to found Rome
C. Some travelers pitched tents there and it just
became a city
D. It was always a city and Caesar just renamed
it Rome
Oligarchy is defined as
A) A political system where power is held by the
citizens
B) A political system where power is held by one
supreme ruler
C) A political system where power is held by a
small group of people
D) A political system where power is passed on
to your heirs.
If you lived in a monarchy you are
ruled by….
A)
B)
C)
D)
A Senate
A President
A king
A combination of a emperor and a senate
Who was the last king of Rome
A)
B)
C)
D)
Julius Caesar
Tarquin the Harsh
Nero
Constantine
4.0) raise your hand to answer: What did he do
to the rival kings?
All of the following are reasons the
Roman republic fell except
A) Gap between the rich and the poor grew too
wide
B) Small farmers were being forced out by the
rich with enormous farms
C) Peasants were more loyal to the generals
than to the elected officials or Rome.
D) Farming became very difficult and people
were starving to death
France was known as…
A)
B)
C)
D)
Moors
Persia
Gaul
Ottoman Empire
Et tu, Brute? Were the last words of…
A) Nero before he was executed
B) Julius Caesar after being stabbed by his best
friend
C) Pompey as Caesar executed him for betrayal
D) Constantine before he made Christianity the
official religion of Rome
What is the best thesis statement…
A) I believe World history is the best class because
it has awesome posters.
B) World history is the worst class because its too
hard. Also because Mr. Williams-Virden is mean.
Also because he makes us read too much.
C) World history has some of the qualities of a
good class.
D) The best class in my high school career is Mr.
Williams-Virden World History class because he
challenges us, keeps us motivated, and is all
around awesome.
Which of the following are ways
Hunger Games connects to Rome
A) Katniss represents Julius Caesar and his
rebellious attitude
B) The country of Panem is latin for bread
C) The Hunger Games are similar to the bread
and circus and gladiator games
D) The social classes and the rich having all the
luxuries is similar to how society was set up
in Rome
What were the three social classes in
Rome
A)
B)
C)
D)
Workers, Peasants, Warriors
Nobles, Philosophers, Wealthy
Rich, Poor, Slaves
Priests, Farmers, Slaves
90% of Rome’s economy was
A)
B)
C)
D)
Fishing
Trade
War
Farming
4.0- How does that compare to Greece?
What did Caesar do to reform Rome?
Life as a poor person in Rome
consisted of all of the following except:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Living under the constant threat of fire
Farming to feed your family
Living in large apartment buildings
Living off of rations of grains from the
government