Political Corruption in the Gilded Age
Bell Work: Please respond to the
scenario below in your notebook
A company wants a road fixed in front of their business
because its terrible condition is costing them customers, but
getting the repairs approved by the city and finding the
money for the project could take years. There are many other
roads that need to be fixed in the city. The mayor goes to the
business owner and offers to fix the road immediately but only
if the owner agrees to vote for him and to donate heavily to his
campaign in the next election.
Is there anything wrong with this arrangement? Why or why not?
Vocabulary
Political bosses political leaders who got people to vote
for them by giving favors. They also made deals with
contractors.
Political Machine: The ring of people who made deals
and got votes for the political boss.
Graft: To get money or political power through illegal or
dishonest methods.
Tammany Hall in New York
Who is the political boss and what does he do to get votes?
What work does the ‘political machine’ do to support the boss?
What are 2 examples of “Graft” from the film?
Rise of the Political Cartoon
Late 1800s
Thomas Nast – artist
Favorite Subject- William
Tweed (a.k.a. “Boss” Tweed)
"Stop them damned pictures. I
don't care what the papers
write about me.
My constituents can't read. But,
damn it, they can see
pictures.”
–Boss Tweed
Boss Tweed. “As long as I count the Votes,
what are you going to do about it?”
The Real “Boss Tweed”
What office
did he hold?
How would
you
describe his
actions in
office?
How did the
people who
lived in New
York react
to Tweed’s
actions?
What
happens to
Tweed?
Directions
Read the 4 quotes.
Using the quotes and info from the clips create a list of
the Pros and Cons of the ‘Political Machine’ on the back
of your worksheet.
Then answer the final question.
Exit Slip:
Analyze with LIE
The Progressives
ABSENT? Check the absent box and find out what you missed…..
Bell Work
Discuss your answer to the “Final Question”
(Wednesday’s assignment) with a partner:
Final Question:
Do the benefits of the ‘Political Machine’ outweigh the
costs? In other words should it be destroyed or left alone?
Why destroy it or why leave it? Lastly, do you believe there
is a ‘Political Machine’ today?
**after discussion you will hand in this worksheet
Vocabulary
Urbanization: The movement of people from the country to the
city, caused by industrialization and created many problems.
Progressive Movement: Reform movement in the early 1900s
that wanted to end the corruption in politics and business,
better the lives of the poor, protect natural resources and
improve American morality.
Theodore Roosevelt: US President from 1901-1909, believed
that the President was a "steward of the people” and should
take whatever action necessary for the public good unless
expressly forbidden by law or the Constitution.
Progressive Movement
Characteristics
Strongest from 1901-1916
Mostly middle class members
Main goal is to change the relationship between government
and society, (they want government more involved)
Protect the rights of organized labor, women, blacks, and
consumers in general.
Members were both Republicans and Democrats
Goal 1: End Government Corruption
Destroy the Political Machine by…
Giving the people more power:
Initiative: Voters can introduce legislation by signing a
petition, it is then put on the ballot for public approval
Referendum: Voters can force government to put a recently
passed law onto the ballot for approval or a veto by the
people
Recall: Allows voters to try and remove an elected official
through a special election if enough people sign a petition
Creating rules for hiring:
Merit System: Hire people for government positions based on skills
and abilities not the personal preferences of elected officials
Goal 2:
End Business
Corruption
Theodore Roosevelt campaigns for
the Presidency on the “Square
Deal”
"Let the watchwords of all our people be the old familiar
watchwords of honesty, decency, fair-dealing, and
commonsense."... "We must treat each man on his worth and
merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal,
because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less." The
welfare of each of us is dependent fundamentally upon the
welfare of all of us."
- New York State Fair, Syracuse, September 7, 1903
Goal 2: End Business Corruption
Roosevelt is elected
1904
Tells Attorney General to
sue a railroad shipping
monopoly under 1890
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Illegal to monopolize market
1904 Supreme Court
orders monopoly
dissolved
“We don’t wish to destroy
corporations, but we do wish
to make them serve the public
good.”
Goal 2
Continued
Roosevelt’s “Trust
Busting” Campaign
44 more lawsuits filed
Size didn’t matter – Good or
Bad for public good
“We draw the line against
misconduct, not against
wealth”
Sword Says: Public Service
Goal 3: Protecting Natural Resources
Complete destruction of the natural environment at the
time for profit
Goal 3: Protecting Natural Resources
Roosevelt to the
rescue again:
Creates 5 National
Parks
Mesa Verde National
Park etc.
Antiquities Act 1906
President can create
National Monuments
18 during presidency
(Devils Tower etc)
Goal 4: Improve the lives of the Poor
Describe
the living
conditions
in the
tenements.
How did
Jacob Riis
try to
combat
poor living
conditions?
How does
Colonel
George
Waring
affect the
lives of all
New
Yorkers?
Teddy Roosevelt and Reforms
Textbook and Worksheet Day
Bell Work
The Progressive Movement pursued reforms in 5 Areas. We
discussed 4 Friday. Copy the graphic organizer below and use
it to describe the goals and actions of the progressive
movement as we discussed Friday. USE YOUR NOTES
Directions
Quotes: We will read them together and discuss q’s #1-6
Rest of the hour for Terms
Terms: Use the textbook to answer #1-13 (dictionary, glossary, chp 19.)
#12 should read: City manager form of government (p573):
Add #13 = The Wisconsin Idea:
*Due Wednesday
Pure Food and Drug Act
Bad Medicine
Bad Food
Bell Work:
What does this
Could
a
advertisement
claim?
company
use
this
Is this a
advertisement
believable
claim?
today?
Explain…
Progressive Era Timeline
1850
2nd Industrial
Revolution
Begins
1904
SC Trust
Bust
1906
Pure food
and drug
Act,
16th /17th
1913
____
amendment,
Underwood Simmons
Tariff, Federal Reserve
Act
Meat
Inspection
Act,
____
1919
Prohibition
____
1914
FTC created,
Clayton Anti
Trust Act
____
1920
19th
Amendment
1901-1909
Theodore Roosevelt
is President
[----------------------------------------------------------]
1872
Late 1800s-1920s
Boss
Tweed
arrested
Progressive Movement
Strongest from 1901-1916
______
1903
_____
Direct Primary
in WI
____
1910
Secret
Ballot
________
1912
Initiative,
Referendum
Recall
1917
US Enters
WWI
Bad Medicine…
Cure everything health tonics
Contained dangerous drugs – alcohol, morphine, cocaine
“Gullible America will spend this year
some seventy-five million dollars in
the purchase of patent [over the
counter] medicines… it will swallow
huge quantities of alcohol, an
appalling amount of opiate sand
narcotics.”
- 1904 Journalist Samuel Hopkins
Adams
Secret Ingredient??? Cocaine…
Vocabulary
Muckraker: Investigative journalists who wrote about
corruption in business and politics, hoping to bring about
reform
Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 Law that stopped the
manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and
patented medicine containing harmful ingredients; also
required food and medicine containers to carry
ingredient labels.
Meat Inspection Act: 1906 Federal law that required
government inspection of meat shipped across state
lines.
Change in the food industry
Local food production
to mass production of
food
Bell Work: Please add the filled in boxes to your timeline and
*HAND in the text assignment from Monday*
1850
2nd Industrial
Revolution
Begins
1904
SC Trust
Bust
1906
Pure food
and drug
Act,
16th /17th
1913
____
amendment,
Underwood Simmons
Tariff, Federal Reserve
Act
Meat
Inspection
Act,
____
1919
Prohibition
____
1914
FTC created,
Clayton Anti
Trust Act
____
1920
19th
Amendment
1901-1909
Theodore Roosevelt
is President
[----------------------------------------------------------]
1872
Late 1800s-1920s
Boss
Tweed
arrested
Progressive Movement
Strongest from 1901-1916
______
1903
_____
Direct Primary
in WI
____
1910
Secret
Ballot
________
1912
Initiative,
Referendum
Recall
1917
US Enters
WWI
Upton Sinclair “The Jungle”
Prepare to Discuss
1. 3 Examples of the experience of workers at the
slaughterhouse
2. 3 Examples of the level of quality of food being
produced
3. 2 Examples of the company’s interaction with
customers
4. 3 Examples of information you found to be the most
disturbing
Agenda
Hand back papers
Change in Test Date*
Discuss “Jungle”
Work time or begin “Modern Issues”
Finish assignment that is due today or Test Corrections that
are due tomorrow
Quick Write
Using all we have learned in the past few
weeks:
Explain 5 reasons (total) why the public, Roosevelt, and
other government officials wanted to regulate trusts
and the food and drug industries.
Modern Food Issues
Bell Work: please discuss this prompt
with someone near you, you do not
need to write anything down.
What problems have you heard of regarding the food
we eat today?
Directions: is there anything wrong with this
practice? Why or why not? How does it
compare to the account in the Jungle?
ABC Newscast: 3/09/2102
Agenda
Correct Text Assignment
Finish Food Inc.
#1-13 Controlling Trusts
1.
Sixteenth Amendment: Constitutional Amendment that allowed congress to collect an income
tax
b)
2.
Seventeenth Amendment: Gave voters the power to directly elect senators
b)
3.
Women at the time tended to support more laws that controlled business
Meat Inspection Act: Federal government can inspect meat sold across state lines
b)
7.
Railroads can’t just set any price they want, the federal government can regulate and oversee
business.
Nineteenth Amendment: Women get the right to vote
b)
6.
Allowed the federal government to investigate how companies made products and made sure
they were safe. Kept business honest.
Hepburn Act: Gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to set railroad rates and
regulate commerce that occurred across state lines.
b)
5.
Prior to the 17th amendment, senators were chosen by those elected to state government often
senators were chosen through the political machine. The 17th amendment gave more power to the
people and removed an opportunity for corruption.
Pure Food and Drug Act: Stopped the manufacture, transportation, and sale of food or
medicine that contained harmful ingredients and required ingredient labels
b)
4.
Slowed the mad rush for increased profits, the government would collect money from you and
know how much money you made. The public became aware of the money gap.
Business has to sell clean food, the government is watching
Underwood-Simmons Tariff: decreased tariffs on certain imported goods and created a
progressive income tax.
b)
With tariffs decreased it eliminated special protection for certain industries, evening the playing
field
#1-13 Controlling Trusts
8.
Federal Trade Commission: commission with the power to investigate
corporations and to try to keep them from conducting unfair practices
b)
9.
Gave the federal government a ‘watchdog’ over big business
Clayton Anti Trust Act: strengthened the Sherman-Anti Trust Act
b)
Increased power of federal government to break up trusts
10. Federal Reserve Act: created a national banking system
b)
Strengthened government control over powerful banking interests
11. Direct Primaries: the people have the power to nominate candidates to run
in a general election
b)
The political machine can no longer choose a candidate to run
12. City Manager form of government: using special commissions of people who
are experts in their field to deal with particular problems rather than putting
party loyalists onto special committees
b)
Removes the political machine from special projects so they can’t support special
business interests.
13. The Wisconsin Idea: the belief that the people should be in control of
government not special business interests and that government should
regulate public utilities
b)
Took more power away from the political machine and businesses that wanted to
bribe politicians and gave it to the people
Food Inc.
Watch
What issues does each segment show you about today’s
food industry?
Main Idea and Examples
Discuss
The issues.
Why do these issues exist?
Solutions?
Write – The Jungle v. Food Inc.
Although 100 years separate these two accounts, there are
striking similarities. However, there are also differences. In a
well constructed paragraph, describe these differences and
similarities between the account in the Jungle and the
modern issues in the food industry.
In your opinion should the issues of the modern food industry
shown in these 5 segments be solved? How? Why or why
not?
Social Reform
Bell Work: Please add the filled in boxes to your timeline
1850
2nd Industrial
Revolution
Begins
1904
SC Trust
Bust
1906
Pure food
and drug
Act,
16th /17th
1913
____
amendment,
Underwood Simmons
Tariff, Federal Reserve
Act
Meat
Inspection
Act,
1919
Prohibition
____
1914
FTC created,
Clayton Anti
Trust Act
____
1920
19th
Amendment
1901-1909
Theodore Roosevelt
is President
[----------------------------------------------------------]
1872
Late 1800s-1920s
Boss
Tweed
arrested
1890
Jacob Riis and
photos of poor
Progressive Movement
Strongest from 1901-1916
1903
_____
Direct Primary
in WI
____
1910
Secret
Ballot
________
1912
Initiative,
Referendum
Recall
1917
US Enters
WWI
Discuss with someone near you…
Have you ever had someone tell you that you needed to
change something about yourself? For example how you
look, or act, or your values? How did this make you feel?
Were you thankful or offended?
The Unfinished Nation: The Progressive
Era
Based on this video, how do you think immigrants at the
turn of the century viewed social reformers like Jane
Addams?
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid
/2896D817-E30F-4BAF-81BA-E1715908509F
Rd. pages 503-504
1. What was the Social Gospel movement?
2. How did Settlement Houses reflect the ideas of the Social
Gospel movement?
1. Describe the people who worked in Settlement Houses
Activity: What were the attitudes of
Progressive social reformers towards
immigrants?
Split: Groups of 4 people and then Teams A and B:
Team A: Argue that progressive social reformers were generous and
helpful.
Team B: Argue that Progressive social reformers were condescending
and judgmental.
DIRECTIONS:
30 minutes With your teammate, read the documents. Find three
pieces of evidence which support your side.
10 minutes Team A presents. BOTH PARTNERS MUST PRESENT!!!
Team B writes down Team A’s arguments and then repeats them
back to Team A.
10 minutes Team B presents. BOTH PARTNERS MUST PRESENT!!!
Team A write down arguments of Team B and then repeats them
back to Team B.
10 minutes Everyone CAN ABANDON their positions. Group of 4
attempts to develop a consensus.
Election Changes
Ending corruption
Women’s Suffrage
Bell Work: Please add the filled in boxes to your timeline
1850
2nd Industrial
Revolution
Begins
1904
SC Trust
Bust
1906
Pure food
and drug
Act,
Meat
Inspection
Act,
Hepburn
Act
16th /17th
1913
amendment,
Underwood Simmons
Tariff, Federal Reserve
Act
1919
Prohibition
1914
FTC created,
Clayton Anti
Trust Act
1920
19th
Amendment
1901-1909
Theodore Roosevelt
is President
[----------------------------------------------------------]
1872
Late 1800s-1920s
Boss
Tweed
arrested
1890
Jacob Riis and
photos of poor
Progressive Movement
Strongest from 1901-1916
1903
Direct Primary
in WI
1910
Secret
Ballot
1912
Initiative,
Referendum
Recall
1917
US Enters
WWI
Government Corruption
Destroy the Political Machine
Direct Primaries: the people choose the
candidate that will run for office
Direct election of Senators: the people elect
Senators
At the time chosen by the State Government
17th Amendment
Secret Ballot: Make all ballots look the same
different political parties printed their ballots in
different colors
Do Now:
What do you see here?
What year do you think
this is?
How do you think the
public responded?
The American Woman
Suffrage Movement
1848-1920
The Right to vote= Suffrage = Enfranchisement = Franchise
Seneca Falls, NY 1848
In early 1800s, women involved in abolition (no
slavery), temperance (no alcohol)
Group of men and women gather in Seneca
Falls, NY in 1848
Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
Fifteenth Amendment, 1871
Grants African-American men the right to vote
Disappoints many women who thought African
American men and women would be
enfranchised together
African Americans split over whether men should
get vote before women
Frederick Douglass, 1869
“When women, because they are women, . . .are
dragged from their houses and hung upon lamp
posts; when their children are torn from their arms,
and their brains dashed upon the pavement . . .
then they will have an urgency to obtain the
ballot equal to our own.”
But was this not true for the black woman?
“Yes, yes, yes. It is true for the black woman but
not because she is a woman but because she is
black!”
Do you agree with Frederick Douglass or Sojourner Truth?
Sojourner Truth, 1869
“There is a great stir
about colored men
getting their rights, but
not a word about the
colored women . . .
And if colored men get
their rights, and not
colored women theirs,
you see the colored
men will be masters
over the women, and it
will be just as bad as it
was before.”
Before 1910
Women’s suffrage movement splits, but then
unites in 1890
National American Woman Suffrage Association
(NAWSA)
Big leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady
Stanton
Two big strategies:
Try to win suffrage state-by-state
Try to pass a Constitutional Amendment (but this would
need to be ratified by 36 states--or three-fourths)
Which strategy is smarter?
Susan B. Anthony
Susan B. Anthony
tried several times
to introduce an
Amendment bill
in the late 1800s,
but it was always
killed in the
Senate.
Anti-Suffragists: Those who
opposed suffrage
(many “Anti’s”were women)
Arguments of Anti-Suffragists:
Women were high-strung, irrational, emotional
Women were not smart or educated enough
Women should stay at home
Women were too physically frail; they would get
tired just walking to the polling station
Women would become masculine if they voted
Why were some of
the Western states
open to woman
suffrage long
before Eastern
states?
The Next Generation
Elizabeth Cady Stanton died 1902
Susan B. Anthony died 1906
But in the early 1900s many young middle-class
women were going to college and joining the
suffrage movement
Many working-class women also joined the cause,
hoping the right to vote would help improve
working conditions
NAWSA
Carrie Chapman Catt led the National
American Woman Suffrage Association. She
believed in:
Careful state-by-state strategy
Support President Wilson even if he doesn‘t
outright support suffrage (because Democrats
were a safer bet than Republicans)
Act ladylike! Don’t embarrass the movement
Which group do you has the smarter strategy, NAWSA or NWP?
National Woman’s Party
Alice Paul led the National Woman’s Party;
believed in more aggressive strategies:
Focused on passing a Constitutional
Amendment
Picked up un-ladylike strategies from British
suffragists (e.g., heckling politicians, picketing)
Refused to support President Wilson if he
wouldn‘t support woman suffrage
NWP members were arrested for picketing in
front of the White House; they were put in jail,
went on a hunger strike and were force-fed
19th Amendment, 1920
“The right of citizens of the United States
to vote shall not be denied or abridged
by the United States or by any State on
account of sex. Congress shall have
power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.”
(Tennessee was the 36th state to ratify and it passed by only 1 vote)
Extra Slides
Progressive Era Timeline
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