WARM UP – USING YOUR NOTES ONLY
For each term or name, write a single sentence explaining
its significance during the mid-19th century.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Second Great Awakening
Revival
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Abolition
William Lloyd Garrison
Frederick Douglas
Elizabeth Cody Stanton
Temperance Movement
Strike
National Trades’ Union
SECOND GREAT AWAKENING
THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING WAS A PERIOD OF
RELIGIOUS REVIVAL IN THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN 1790
AND THE 1840S. IT FOLLOWED THE FIRST GREAT
AWAKENING OF COLONIAL AMERICA. CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING INCLUDE WIDESPREAD
CONVERSIONS, INCREASED CHURCH ACTIVITY, SOCIAL
ACTIVISM, AND THE EMERGENCE OF NEW CHRISTIAN
DENOMINATIONS. THE PERIOD IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE
ENDED WITH THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, THOUGH ITS
LEGACY CONTINUES TO THIS DAY.
REVIVAL
preachers exhort their audience to accept
forgiveness of personal sin through faith in Jesus
Christ and to commit themselves to spiritual self
discipline and religious exercises such as prayer,
Bible reading, and church support.
 Revivalism in America has been in reaction to a
perceived overemphasis by the major
denominations on ritual, cultural accommodation,
and doctrinal or ideological correctness at the
expense of personal religious experience.

was an American lecturer, essayist, and poet, best
remembered for leading the Transcendentalist
movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a
champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the
countervailing pressures of society, and he
disseminated his thought through dozens of published
essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the
United States.
RALPH WALDO EMERSON
ABOLITION
THE ENDING OF SLAVERY
WILLIAM LLYOD GARRISON
PUBLISHER OF THE NEWSPAPER THE
LIBERATOR, WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON WAS A
FAMOUSLY FIERCE OPPONENT OF SLAVERY IN
THE TWO DECADES PRECEDING THE AMERICAN
CIVIL WAR
KNOWN FOR HIS UNCOMPROMISING STANCE,
FIERY RHETORIC AND BELIEF IN "MORAL
PERSUASION" RATHER THAN VIOLENT
OPPOSITION.
FREDERICK DOUGLASS
ELIZABETH CADY STANTON
A TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT IS A SOCIAL
MOVEMENT AGAINST THE USE OF
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. TEMPERANCE
MOVEMENTS MAY CRITICIZE EXCESSIVE
ALCOHOL USE, PROMOTE COMPLETE
ABSTINENCE, OR PRESSURE THE
GOVERNMENT TO ENACT ANTI-ALCOHOL
LEGISLATION.
STRIKE ACTION, ALSO KNOWN AS A WALKOUT, A WORK STOPPAGE CAUSED
BY THE MASS REFUSAL OF EMPLOYEES TO PERFORM WORK
CULTURE STRIKE, REFUSAL OF ARTISTS OR ART INSTITUTIONS (ARTS
ORGANIZATIONS, FESTIVALS ETC.) TO RESPECTIVELY PRODUCE AND SHOW
ART
GENERAL STRIKE, STRIKE ACTION BY A CRITICAL MASS OF THE LABOR FORCE
IN A CITY, REGION OR COUNTRY
HUNGER STRIKE, PARTICIPANTS FAST AS AN ACT OF POLITICAL PROTEST, OR
TO PROVOKE FEELINGS OF GUILT IN OTHERS
PRISON STRIKE, STRIKE TAKING PLACE INSIDE A PRISON, INVOLVING EITHER
A HUNGER STRIKE OR A PRISON WORK STRIKE
RENT STRIKE, WHEN A GROUP OF TENANTS EN MASSE AGREES TO REFUSE
TO PAY RENT UNTIL A SPECIFIC LIST OF DEMANDS IS MET BY THE LANDLORD
STUDENT STRIKE, OCCURS WHEN STUDENTS ENROLLED AT A TEACHING
INSTITUTION SUCH AS A SCHOOL, COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY REFUSE TO GO TO
CLASS
National Trades’ Union
IN THE MID-1830S, HARD TIMES AND FRUSTRATION
WITH THE INUTILITY OF THEIR EXPANDED VOTING
RIGHTS DROVE TENS OF THOUSANDS OF URBAN WAGE
EARNERS TOWARD UNIONISM
WHILE SOME ORGANIZED NATIONAL UNIONS WITHIN
THEIR CRAFTS, MOST PARTICIPATED IN CITYWIDE
"TRADES' UNIONS," WHICH ESTABLISHED THE SHORTLIVED NATIONAL TRADES' UNION IN 1834
RELIGION SPARKS REFORM (pages 240-245)
1. WHAT NEW RELIGIOUS IDEAS SET THE
STAGE FOR THE REFORM MOVEMENTS OF THE
MID-19TH CENTURY? (LIST 2 ANSWERS)
2. HOW DID DOROTHY DIX CONTRIBUTE TO
REFORM? (LIST 2 ANSWERS)
RELIGION SPARKS REFORM (pages 240-245)
1. WHAT NEW RELIGIOUS IDEAS SET THE
STAGE FOR THE REFORM MOVEMENTS OF THE
MID-19TH CENTURY?
BELIEF IN THE INDIVIDUAL’S ABILITY TO IMPROVE HIMSELF OR HERSELF
AND SOCIETY, AND IN A DEMOCRATIC GOD WHO WOULD OFFER SALVATION
TO ALL.
RELIGION SPARKS REFORM (pages 240-245)
2. HOW DID DOROTHY DIX CONTRIBUTE TO
REFORM?
DIX FOUGHT FOR BETTER CONDITIONS IN PRISONS AND ASSYLUMS AND
HELPED TO PIONEER THE CONCEPT OF REHABILITATION IN THE TREATMENT
OF CIMINALS AND THE MENTALLY ILL
SLAVERY AND ABOLITION (PAGES 248-253)
3. HOW DID WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON,
FREDERICK DOUGLASS, AND DAVID WALKER
EACH PROPOSE TO END SLAVERY?
4. WHAT STEPS DID WHITE SOUTHERNERS
TAKE TO SUPPRESS SLAVE REVOLTS? (LIST 3
ANSWERS)
3. HOW DID WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON,
FREDERICK DOUGLASS, AND DAVID WALKER
EACH PROPOSE TO END SLAVERY?
GARRISON: IMMEDIATE EMANCIPATION OF ALL
SLAVES
WALKER: VIOLENT RESISTANCE TO SLAVERY
DOUGLASS: POLITICAL RESOLUTION TO THE
ISSUE OF SLAVERY
4. WHAT STEPS DID WHITE SOUTHERNERS
TAKE TO SUPPRESS SLAVE REVOLTS?
TIGHTER CONTROLS, VIGILANTE COMMITTEES
TO INTIMIDATE SLAVES, PROHIBITED SLAVES
FROM LEARNING TO READ OR WRITE
Women and Reform
(pages 254-258)
5. WHAT WAS THE CULT OF DOMESTICITY? (LIST 3
ANSWERS)
6. WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF THE SENECA FALLS
CONVENTION? (LIST 2 ANSWERS)
Women and Reform
(pages 254-258)
5. WHAT WAS THE CULT OF DOMESTICITY?
WOMEN’S ACTIVITIES WERE RESTRICTED AFTER
MARRIAGE TO THE HOME AND FAMILY, HAD FEW
LEGAL PROTECTIONS, AND COULD NOT VOTE
Women and Reform
(pages 254-258)
6. WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF THE SENECA FALLS
CONVENTION?
TO GAIN SUPPORT FOR A WOMEN’S RIGHTS
MOVEMENT AND TO VOTE ON A SET OF RESOLUTIONS
DECLARING WOMEN’S EQUALITY WITH MEN
THE CHANGING WORKPLACE (PAGES 259-265)
7. HOW DID WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE LOWELL
TEXTILE MILLS PRESENT NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND
NEW HAZARDS?
8. DESCRIBE THE TWO WAVES OF U.S. IMMIGRATION
IN THE MID-1800’S
7. HOW DID WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE LOWELL
TEXTILE MILLS PRESENT NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND
NEW HAZARDS?
WORKING IN THE MILLS OFFERED BETTER PAY THAN
TEACHING, SEWING AND DOMESTIC WORK. HOWEVER,
THEY HAD TO WORK LONG HOURS AT LOW PAY IN HOT,
HUMID FACTORIES, UNDER THE STRICT SUPERVISION
OF MANAGERS
8. DESCRIBE THE TWO WAVES OF U.S. IMMIGRATION
IN THE MID-1800’S
THE FIRST WAVE OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS
OCCURRED BETWEEN 1830 AND 1860 – THE
MAJORITY WERE GERMAN AND IRISH.
A SECOND WAVE OF IRISH IMMIGRANTS OCCURRED
BETWEEN 1845 AND 1854 AS A RESULT OF THE
FAMINE IN IRELAND.
LIST THE FOUR REFORM MOVEMENTS THAT
GREW OUT OF THE EARLY 19TH-CENTURY
RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS
1
2
3
4
LIST THE FOUR REFORM MOVEMENTS THAT
GREW OUT OF THE EARLY 19TH-CENTURY
RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS
1
2
3
4
ABOLITION
TEMPERANCE
WOMEN’S RIGHTS
EDUCATIONAL REFORM
EXIT TICKET
NORTH CAROLINA EOC TEST PRACTICE
PAGE 269
QUESTIONS 1 - 4