TOURISM
PETER ROBINSON
MICHAEL LÜCK
STEPHEN L. J. SMITH
5
Road and Rail
Transportation
Learning Objectives
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To understand the scope and variety of
modes of overland forms of transport
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To explore the importance of land-based
modes of transport for tourism
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To understand various marketing and
operating strategies for overland
transport organizations
Historical Trends
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The Railway Age
The Age of Protection
The Age of Administrative Planning
The Age of Contestability
The Bicycle
• Categories
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Infrequent leisure cyclists
Occasional leisure cyclists
Frequent leisure cyclists
Cycling enthusiasts
• Tracks and trail systems
The Private Car
• History (Ford Model T)
• Reasons for popularity
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Low cost, especially when shared
Convenience
Flexibility in departure times, routings, stops
Enhanced experience
Easier luggage transportation
Guaranteed transportation at destination
Categories
• Rental cars
• Taxi
• Motorhome/RV/caravan
Rental Cars
• History
– 1912: Sixt
– 1918: Jacobs
• Focus
– Dominated by business travel
– Leisure/tourist rentals growing rapidly
Major Car Rental
Companies
Bus and Coach Travel
• History
– 1662: Blaise Pascal
– Late 19th/early 20th century: self-propelled
motorcoaches
• Regulation
– USA/UK – similar to air traffic
Categories
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Sightseeing tours
Packaged tours
Urban tours
Express bus services
– Hop-on-hop-off
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Urban commuter services
Airport shuttles
Charter services
Specialist services
The Railway
• History
– 1550: ‘wagonways’ on wooden rails
– 1804: first steam engine railway in Wales
(iron)
– 1825: first passenger rail service in England
– 1829: first passenger rail service in the USA
Passenger Rail Services
Today
• Routes
• Types
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High-speed trains (TGV, Shinkansen, ICE)
Heritage trains
Commuter trains
Underground trains
Maglev (Magnetic Levitation)
Cable cars